Modèles instrumentaux, modèles musicaux : entre musique et technologies

International audienceMonographie rassemblant les travaux d'HDR et effectuant la synthèse de plus de 20 années de recherches sur les archétypes musicaux, les modèles et les catégories ainsi que leurs incidences sur la composition musicale contemporaine et ses technologies

Friction-induced vibration of a stick–slip oscillator with random field friction modelling

International audienceIn this paper, stochastic planar stick-slip motions are investigated using a slider-on-belt model where the coefficient of friction (COF) of the contact interface is modelled as a random field. New three-variable stick-slip transition criteria are proposed to improve the accuracy and robustness of the algorithm. Stochastic analyses are performed concerning the Peak-to-Valley value of the displacement and friction forces and the time duration of the stick state. It is found that the correlation length of the COF random field is dominantly responsible for the stochastic behaviours of the system. In contrast, the belt velocity and the mean value of the COF have a significant influence on the time duration of the stick state compared with the corresponding deterministic slider-on-belt model

Photoelectrocatalytic conversion of urea under solar illumination using Ni decorated Ti-Fe2O3 electrodes

International audienceTo reduce the energy cost and environmental impact of biological nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment plants, it would be advantageous to treat urea contained in urine at the source. In this perspective, FTO/Ti-Fe2O3 (nanorods) photoelectrodes decorated with Ni as catalyst are developed and tested for urea photoelectrocatalytic oxidation under solar illumination. Gains up to 0.50 V in oxidation onset potential vs. metallic Ni are obtained thanks to a Ni photoelectrodeposition method. In situ transmission measurements (based on NiOOH light absorption) during electrochemical cycling allowed to evaluate the state of active Ni sites and confirmed that urea oxidation mechanism is of EC type. Photoelectrolyses give faradaic efficiencies of 10–18% and 9-35% for N2 and O2 formation, respectively. A significant and unexpected NO2− production (∼65%) is detected indicating another or incomplete reaction pathway. The photoelectrocatalytic removal of nitrogen from urea solutions is demonstrated but requires catalysts with higher selectivity towards N2

Amount, composition and sources of macrolitter from a highly frequented roadway

3ème rencontre du GDR Polymères et Océans, BREST, FRANCE, 27-/06/2022 - 29/06/2022De nombreuses recherches mentionnent la nécessité d'identifier les sources continentales de macrodéchets mais paradoxalement, relativement peu de données de terrain sur la composition et les sources de macrodéchets sont disponibles dans la littérature. Décrire et quantifier ces sources est nécessaire à une meilleure estimation des flux dans les milieux et une meilleure définition des stratégies d'atténuation. Si les bords de routes sont perçus comme des zones particulièrement polluées par les macrodéchets, « objectiver » cette pollution demeure important dans une approche systémique. Cette étude, menée dans le cadre du projet Plasti-nium, visait à étudier l'abondance et la composition des macrodéchets issus du trafic routier sur une portion de 800 m du périphérique nantais (90 000 véh/j). Les macrodéchets jusqu'à 1 cm, ont été collectés pendant une année, puis triés et classés selon les classifications OSPAR/TSG-ML. En un an, 88,5 kg de déchets ont été collectés. Au total, 36 439 articles ont été caractérisés, dont 84% en nombre étaient des plastiques. Ce sont surtout des fragments, des mégots et filtres de cigarettes, ainsi que des morceaux de polystyrène liés au chargement des véhicules. L'accumulation de déchets est fortement corrélée au trafic routier. En différenciant les déchets jetés volontairement des déchets perdus accidentellement, cette étude illustre la contribution majeure des chargements non couverts et non sécurisés. Ces données originales permettent d'apporter un autre regard sur les déchets le long des bords de route et, serviront à terme dans l'évaluation des pertes liées au trafic routier aux flux de plastiques vers l'environnement

Le site de Waziers (nord de la France, plaine de la Scarpe). Un remplissage de chenal témoin de la transition Saalien-Eemien à l'optimum climatique Eemien

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Alpha haemoglobin‐stabilising protein concentration in the red blood cells of patients with sickle cell anaemia with and without hydroxycarbamide treatment

International audienceAlpha haemoglobin-stabilising protein (AHSP) is a key chaperone synthesised in red blood cell (RBC) precursors. Many studies have reported AHSP as a potential biomarker of various diseases. AHSP gene expression has been studied in detail, but little is known about AHSP protein levels in RBCs. We investigated the AHSP concentration of RBC lysates from control subjects (n = 10) and patients with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) with (n = 10) and without (n = 12) hydroxycarbamide (HC) treatment, to evaluate the clinical relevance of AHSP in SCA. We developed a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, with which we were able, for the first time, to determine the mean AHSP concentration in control RBC lysates (0·82 µg/ml). The AHSP concentration (2·23 µg/ml) was significantly higher in untreated patients with the SS genotype than in controls. The AHSP concentration decreased significantly on HC treatment (1·50 µg/ml) but remained significantly higher than that in controls. A strong positive correlation was observed between the AHSP concentration and the α-haemoglobin pool with the three groups of subjects pooled into a single group. Our present findings indicate that AHSP concentration can be considered a candidate biomarker for monitoring HC responses in patients with SCA and suggest a role for AHSP in various RBC diseases

Le projet pédagogique et de recherche en ludopédagogie EdUTeam

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A CDH23 missense variant in Beauceron dogs with non-syndromic deafness

International audienceCongenital coat-colour-related deafness is common among certain canine breeds especially those exhibiting extreme white spotting or merle patterning. We identified a non-syndromic deafness in Beauceron dogs characterised by a bilateral hearing loss in puppies that is not linked to coat colour. Pedigree analysis suggested an autosomal recessive transmission. By combining homozygosity mapping with whole genome sequencing and variant filtering in affected dogs we identified a CDH23:c.700C>T variant. The variant, located in the CHD23 (cadherin related 23) gene, was predicted to induce a CDH23:p.(Pro234Ser) change in the protein. Proline-234 of CDH23 protein is highly conserved across different vertebrate species. In silico tools predicted the CDH23:p.(Pro234Ser) change to be deleterious. CDH23 encodes a calcium-dependent transmembrane glycoprotein localised near the tips of hair-cell stereocilia in the mammalian inner ear. Intact function of these cilia is mandatory for the transformation of the acoustical wave into a neurological signal, leading to sensorineural deafness when impaired. By genotyping a cohort of 90 control Beauceron dogs sampled in France, we found a 3.3% carrier frequency. The CDH23:c.[700C>T] allele is easily detectable with a genetic test to avoid at-risk matings

The COSPAR Planetary Protection Requirements for Space Missions to Mars

<p>The Committee on Space Research’s (COSPAR) Planetary Protection Policy (herein referred to as the Policy) has been developed through deliberation between the scientific community and the national space agencies to 1) ensure that scientific investigations of possible extra-terrestrial life forms, precursors, and remnants are not jeopardized; and 2) Earth is protected from the potential hazard posed by extra-terrestrial matter carried by a spacecraft returning from an interplanetary mission (COSPAR 2020).The COSPAR Panel on Planetary Protection (herein referred to as the Panel)regularly updates the Policy based on workshops and activities that are led by the community, or by national committees. For example, the requirements for the icy moons of the outer Solar System have been scrutinized as part of a European Commission’s H2020 Programme (Rettberg et al 2019) and a National Research Council report (NRC 2012), which led to recommendations being made to COSPAR, which resulted in an update to the regulations (COSPAR 2020). Another example is the recent update of the regulations relating to the moon. The Panel conducted a dedicated community consultation that led to an updated Policy (COSPAR, 2021).</p> <p>The Policy relating to Mars has received increased attention over recent years as missions to Mars are being more attainable. The number of missions and nations involved have grown significantly since 2003, and commercial missions from the private sector are becoming more plausible (Liu et al 2022). The Policy regulations have evolved over the decades, as our understanding of the planet has evolved. All missions to Mars have been divided into two categories: III, for orbiters and flybys and IV, for landers or probes, with the appropriate planetary protection requirements; whilst Mars return missions are designated as category V (restricted Mars return).</p> <p>Due to recent reports published regarding the Mars planetary protection, e.g., Spry et al 2021; NAS, 2021, the Panel has taken this as an opportunity to reevaluate scientific data pertaining to the subject of bioburden requirements on Mars and the implications that this has on the Policy and requirements. They focused on three key areas: 1) Biocidal effects of the martian environment; 2) stability of water and 3) transport of spacecraft bioburden. These areas were discussed in the context of survival of dormant and actively growing cells (Rummel et al 2014). Although harmful contamination is most likely to occur due to proliferation, dormant cells are also important as they can be transported to a potential habitable environment e.g., Special Regions (Rettberg et al 2016).</p> <p>We contend that at present there is neither sufficient new evidence in the literature nor scientific community consensus to conclude that the bioburden recommendation for Mars needs to be changed at this point. However, the situation may change in the future with the examination of new data by the Panel. To date, several knowledge gaps that require new targeted research have been identified:</p> <ul> <li>Understanding the biocidal effects of Mars surface conditions.</li> <li>Measuring the effect of the atmosphere and dust storms of the kinetics of microbial survival (Spry et al 2021).</li> <li>Measuring the rate of dust accumulation and the impact this has on microbial survival kinetics.</li> <li>Metrological investigations to develop, test and validate contamination transport models (Spry et al 2021).</li> <li>High resolution of the absolute water vapour content, temperature, and wind speed (Rivera-Valentin et al 2021).</li> <li>Understanding the thermodynamics of salt facilitated water vapour (Rivera-Valentin et al 2021).   </li> <li>Mars simulation experiments to quantify the metabolic and reproduction rates of terrestrial organisms with ephemeral wetting events with and without salts. </li> </ul> <p>We therefore suggest additional international community engagement to further refine this list of knowledge gaps.</p> <p><strong>References: </strong>COSPAR (2020) <em>Sp Res Tod</em>. 208, 10-22. COSPAR (2021) <em>Sp Res Tod</em>. 211, 9-11. Fisk L., et al (2021) <em>Sp Res Tod</em>. 211, 9-25. Liu J., et al (2022)<em>Intern J Transp Sci technol</em>. 11, 1-16. Rettberg P., et al (2016) <em>Astrobiol</em>. 16(2), 119-125. Rettberg P., et al (2019) <em>Astrobiol</em>. 19(8), 951-974.<strong> </strong>Rivera-Valentín E., et al (2021) <em>Bulletin of the AAS</em>. 53(4). Spry J., et al (2021) <em>Bulletin of the AAS</em>. 53(4), 205. NAS (2021) Report Series: Committee on Planetary Protection: Evaluation of Bioburden Requirements for Mars Missions. Rummel J., et al (2014) <em>Astrobiol</em>. 887-968.</p&gt

Deviation and concentration inequalities for dynamical systems with subexponential decay of correlation

We obtain large and moderate deviation estimates, as well as concentration inequalities, for a class of nonuniformly expanding maps with stretched exponential decay of correlations. In the large deviation regime, we also exhibit examples showing that the obtained upper bounds are essentially optimal