Effect of impinging jet angle and offset on the heat transfer characteristics of a liquid falling film on a rotating cylinder

The jet impingement on a horizontal rotating tube is widely used in various engineering applications. However, an uneven distribution of the liquid film on the rotating tube can substantially impact the hydrodynamic and heat transfer properties of the thin liquid film. Thus, this study employs 2-D numerical simulations using the Volume of Fluid method to investigate the hydrodynamics and thermal characteristics of a thin liquid film on a rotating cylinder, exploring the effects of rotational speeds, jet tilt angles, and offset distances. The numerical results reveal that with an increase in rotational speed, the location of the jet departure position shifted in the direction of the angular motion and the local heat transfer coefficient at the impingement zone significantly decreased. However, there is no substantial difference in the value with respect to the jet velocities investigated. Deviations in the jet impingement angle cause the liquid film thickness to increase on one side of the cylinder, however, the jet departure point does not alter significantly, emphasizing the governing role of rotational motion. Additionally, for a given rotational speed, there exists a critical jet offset distance beyond which the film experiences severe unsteadiness, particularly in the liquid film departure zone at the bottom side of the cylinder

Growing community-based composting programs in China:Implementation and policy lessons from eight cases

Localised processing of waste into resources is a prime target towards circular economy, yet community-led composting programs have reported significant implementation challenges. There are no implementation process models or guidelines for programs spanning community, waste, governance, legislation domains: each community learns anew. Here we report a multi-case study of community-led composting program implementations in eight urban sites in China. In-depth key-informant interview information was analysed as cycles of activity towards increasingly-complex needs/targets (like simple recycling; complex composting). Cross-community comparisons suggest transferable implementation lessons: delegation of certain roles is more effective than simply involving stakeholders; enthusiasts can significantly mobilize stakeholders but cannot replace them; paperwork burden could negate funding availability benefits; access to specific expertise (technical, legal, operational) at crucial moments was key; stakeholder learning was most effective via personal meetings and introductions. City policies incorporating these implementation lessons could facilitate scaling-up in China. Future studies can investigate generalizability

Data-driven cleaning optimisation strategy for multi-technology PV systems in the higher education sector in arid climate:A case study perspective in MENA region

The accumulation of dust and other contaminants on photovoltaic (PV) panels is a multifactorial process that significantly affects system performance. While cleaning is vital to maintaining energy output and efficiency, its methods, frequency, and procedures also influence environmental impact, resource use, and operational costs.This study investigates the effects of cleaning protocols on PV energy generation at the Applied Science University (ASU) campus in Amman, Jordan, addressing challenges faced by higher education institutions (HEIs) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. A controlled intervention was implemented on eight PV arrays with different technologies and installation configurations over a 19-week period. Machine learning techniques were applied for data imputation, and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to assess the significance of cleaning interventions on energy performance.The findings demonstrate that uniform cleaning schedules are suboptimal, as different PV technologies and orientations exhibit varying responses to maintenance interventions. The study underscores the importance of customised cleaning strategies that account for technological type and system configuration to maximise power generation and efficiency. These results provide valuable insights for developing sustainable PV maintenance frameworks for HEIs and other institutions operating in arid climates across the MENA region

Exposure to ghosting, gaslighting and coercion and mental health outcomes

There is limited research into the mental health consequences of exposure to the relatively common abusive relationship behaviors of ghosting, gaslighting and coercion. This cross-sectional survey study examines the contribution of maladaptive trait variables (rejection sensitivity and intolerance of uncertainty in relationships) and situational triggers (exposure to ghosting, gaslighting and coercion from a current or past dating partner) to predicting depression, anxiety and paranoid ideation. Correlational data from a sample of 544 participants in the United Kingdom were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression. The maladaptive trait variables of rejection sensitivity and intolerance of uncertainty were positively associated with depression, anxiety and paranoid ideation. Gaslighting was positively associated with depression, and ghosting and coercion with paranoid ideation. It is recommended that victims of abusive relationship behaviors be offered psychological support to prevent the onset of depression and paranoia

Blue rejuvenation and reconciliation; Belfast’s titanic watery renaissance

Over twenty five years since the Good Friday Agreement, Belfast has moved away from its past Troubles, having reformed itself as a cultural engine and facilitator on the island of Ireland. Beal Feirste, Belfast’s original Irish language name, describes ‘the settlement at the mouth of the River Farset’. The rivers Farset and Lagan conjoin in Belfast and were straightened to form one of Europe’s most accessible deep-water ports. The city is now synonymous with that symbol of venture capital, and venture and capital, the RMS Titanic. Belfast uses its fluvial arteries as connecting points and conduits for material and immaterial flows of energy, ideas and currency across the city and further across the historic province of Ulster. Its iconic status as a shipbuilding city has enabled it to draw in international tourists who flow onwards to fly fish at Lake Neagh, step up the coast to the Giant’s Causeway and drift inland towards Seamus Heaney country, to link industry and ideas together as leisure domains. The fabrication of modern Belfast continues with the emergence of the Titanic Quarter, framed around the River Lagan’s waters, offering both a museum dedicated to the ship’s legacy, real, fiction and filmic. Alongside art installations and working film studios which mythologise Northern Ireland’s beautiful landscapes in fantasy works such as Game of Thrones and Dungeons and Dragons and its fantastic people in Kenneth Branagh’s ‘Belfast’, the Titanic Quarter joins the ‘Lagan Corridor’ to flood the former shipbuilding area with visitors, artists and artisans, keeping stories, history and the economy alive. This chapter explores Belfast’s watery renaissance as a space of reconciling political and cultural history, along with a reincarnation of Irish sensibilities as imaginative and playful, to argue that both real and imaginary waterscapes link Belfast’s blue rejuvenation as a tourist destination

(Mis)Governing World Football? Agency and (Non)Accountability in FIFA

We identify the variables that have enabled the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) to evade internal and external legal and juridical rules and processes, allowing it to prioritise the interests of its leaders and staff rather than its stakeholders. An interdisciplinary theoretical framework highlights the weaknesses of the legal systems, democratic processes, market mechanisms and regulatory regimes governing FIFA’s activities since its foundation. The historical processes transforming FIFA into a wealthy enterprise whose leaders could abuse their power with impunity are reviewed. An evaluation of the structural reforms introduced in 2016 following the exposure of FIFA corruption by US authorities in 2015 then shows how they have strengthened the internal and external rules and procedures enabling stakeholders to hold FIFA to account, whilst arguing that the reforms have not eliminated the leadership’s ability to ‘capture’ its democratic processes, exploit its monopolistic controls over lucrative contracts and evade regulatory controls

Single-use materials and poorly recycled waste in intensive care:An argument for improving sustainability

Intensive care unit (ICU) clinical items and packaging made from plastic, paper, and other (mixed) materials have a significant environmental impact. the waste generation, effects on climate from disposal and suggestions for alternatives are presented

Trick or treat? The Brexit effect on immigrants’ mental health in the United Kingdom

This paper investigates changes in the mental health of immigrants living in the United Kingdom (UK) during the European Union (EU) referendum. Using the UK Household Longitudinal Study, this paper assesses how the mental health of immigrants has changed before and after the referendum, compared to natives. Findings suggest that following the EU referendum result, mental health significantly improved overall for naturalised immigrants as a whole and for non-EU immigrants, relative to the changes in natives. Further, there is no evidence that mental health worsened even for EU immigrants. Our results vary by gender, with non-EU women experiencing a statistically significant improvement in mental health. The results are robust to several checks, including using balanced panel data and individual fixed effects. Our findings are consistent with the idea that the end of free movement for EU immigrants has alleviated the perception of discrimination against non-EU immigrants. This interpretation is supported by empirical results from a multinomial logit showing that non-EU migrants, particularly women, are more likely to perceive discrimination for race-related reasons when denied a job, an effect which is no longer significant in the post-referendum period

Women and the economic field:cooperatives and capital in Turkey

This article aims to analytically dissect the interrelated reasons behind the gender gap in wealth accumulation. To do so, it examines how the accumulation of different forms of capital by women in the course of their lives affects women’s prospects in the economic field, thereby shaping women’s potential for wealth accumulation. Focusing on women’s cooperatives in Turkey through a Bourdieusian lens, the article shows that the patriarchal roles assigned to women result in asymmetries of not only economic but also social and cultural capital that lead to structural impediments against women’s endeavors in the economic field. We show, however, that despite these structural impediments, women are not only passive victims of these conditions byt instead develop strategies to cope with these disadvantages and cooperatives play a crucial role in that regard. Finally, through our case study, we demonstrate that both the constraints faced and strategies developed by women are informed by class and occupational background