Detection of adulteration in Moroccan and Egyptian sesame oil using Isotopic analysis and Infrared spectroscopy

Sesame oil is frequently targeted for adulteration by blending it with lower-cost oils, compromising its quality and authenticity. This study investigates the efficiency of isotopic analysis (δ13C) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) in detecting adulteration in Moroccan and Egyptian sesame oils. The δ13C values of pure sesame oils varied based on their geographical origin, with Moroccan and Egyptian oils exhibiting values of -28.92‰ and -29.14‰, respectively. Adulteration with paraffin and table oils led to notable isotopic shifts proportional to the blending ratios. Specifically, pure paraffin oil displayed a δ13C value of -27.32‰, while table oil presented a value of -38.99‰. Mixtures with soybean oil revealed significant decreases in δ13C values, whereas mixtures with corn oil demonstrated a positive correlation between blending ratios and δ13C values.The combination of isotopic analysis and FTIR spectroscopy proved highly effective for identifying adulterated blends, offering a robust tool for detecting food fraud. When integrated into routine quality control procedures, these techniques can reliably ensure the authenticity and quality of sesame oils, protect consumer rights, and reinforce trust in the edible oil market.

Efficacy of Allium stracheyi extract infused edible coating in controlling oxidative stability and microbial degradation in chicken meat patties

There is a gradual shift in consumers\u27 attitudes towards the use of natural food preservatives due to growing awareness for healthy and safe food. The current investigation aimed to develop sodium alginate edible coating (SDG-EC) infused with Allium stracheyi (AS) extract to control the oxidative and microbial degradation of chicken meat patties (CP) during 15 days of storage at 4±10C. The AS extract was made using lyophilization and cold extraction with 50% hydroethanol. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of several functional groups, such as -OH, -COOH, C-H, C=O, etc., in AS extract, suggesting the existence of bioactive components. The final treatments were C (uncoated chicken patties), T1 (Chicken patties coated with SDG-EC), T2 (Chicken patties coated with 1% AS SDG-EC), and T 3 (chicken patties coated with 2% AS SDG-EC). The results showed that throughout storage, Cs pH was significantly greater (p<0.05). On the 15th day, T3 had a relatively lower pH than other treatments. T3 TVB-N (mg/100g) and Thiobarbituric acid reacting substance (mg MDA/1000g) readings were noticeably lower than those of C, T1, and T2. In comparison to C, total plate count decreased significantly (p<0.05) in T1, T2, and T3. Yeast, mold, and S. aureus were not found on the first or fifth day. The yeast, mold, and S. aureus (cfu/g) of T2 and T3 considerably decreased on the 10th and 15th day. Throughout storage, no coliforms were found in any treatment. It was concluded that A. stracheyi-infused edible coating successfully maintained the oxidative and microbial quality of CP for 15 days at 4±10C.

Imidacloprid (IMI) toxicity in fishes: A review

Over the last few decades, the extensive application of pesticides has increased agricultural productivity. Neonicotinoid’s (NEOs), a fourth generation of pesticides that arose after organophosphates, pyrethroids, and carbamates, are frequently utilized worldwide. Neonicotinoids have been shown to leach from soil and end up in groundwater or runoff, which badly affects the health of various animals. Among these, imidacloprid (IMI) was the first viable neonicotinoid. IMI is a colorless crystal having the chemical family chloronicotinyl (Neonicotinoid) with a photolytic half-life of 1.2h in deionized water irradiated to UV rays and 126 min in tap water formulated as confidor insecticide. Its great potency at low dosage, low volatility, and high-water solubility (hydrophilic) with low bioaccumulation, nevertheless badly affects the body organs (liver, kidney, gills, etc.) of exposed organisms. IMI widely poses significant threats to aquatic ecosystems, particularly fish, due to its potential toxicity. Understanding the multi-dimensional impacts of IMI toxicity in fish is vital to formulating mitigating plans and suitable pesticide alternatives to safeguard aquatic environments. This review article discusses the long-term effects of IMI on fishes, including disruptions in developmental processes, biochemical alterations, oxidative stress, behavior and alteration in various enzyme activities. Despite numerous studies on IMI toxicity in fish, there is a lack of a comprehensive review that compares different aspects of its toxicity in different fish species. Therefore, this review aims to bridge that gap in current knowledge about IMI toxicity in various fish species and provides a strong basis for future research to safeguard aquatic ecosystems from its harmful effects. In addition, the practical importance of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and the protective potential of various antioxidants against pesticide toxicity have also been highlighted. 

Utilization of whey proteins for producing low-fat mayonnaise via complete and partial egg replacement

There is a worldwide demand for healthier foods. One common practice is the production of reduced-fat products in several categories. Whey proteins are popular as important food ingredients due to their essential amino acid content. This work intends to investigate the ability of whey proteins to be used to produce a low-fat mayonnaise. The present study aims to evaluate wholly or partially replacing eggs with whey protein concentrates as emulsifiers in low-fat mayonnaise and its impact on rheological, physicochemical, and sensory characteristics. To accomplish this aim, the researchers followed a quantitative approach by using the SPSS program to sort the findings based on the percentage and the frequency of the mayonnaise model. As a result, the moisture, ash, and fat percentages, along with the pH values for transactions (T1: the eggs were partially replaced (50%) with whey protein concentrates, T2: the eggs were completely replaced 100% with whey protein concentrates) when compared to those of the control treatment have been decreased while the protein and carbohydrates have been increased. This fact has been found in both treatments of partial and total replacement of the egg component with whey protein concentrates. Moreover, the texture study revealed that the properties of viscosity, hardness, adhesiveness, and fluctuation of susceptibility were increased. Additionally, the sensory evaluation scores of some of the studied characteristics in the replacement treatments decreased compared to those of the control.

Estimating extreme heat event over New Delhi Region, India using Satellite Data

On May 26, 2024, Delhi experienced an extreme heat event, with temperatures soaring to record-breaking levels, exceeding 52°C, which was later revised to 46°C (114.8°F) by the India Meteorological Department.Amidst the controversy surrounding sensor failures, this study examines land surface temperature (LST) in Delhi using Landsat 9 OLI and MODIS Aqua data, focusing on the extreme heat event of May 26, 2024. This date was selected due to anticipated extreme heat and the availability of data. Satellite observations revealed temperatures as high as 56°C, with distinct spatial variations across Delhi. The western region recorded the highest temperatures, while the eastern region, influenced by the Yamuna River, exhibited cooler conditions. Emissivity values from Landsat (0.970–0.984) and MODIS (0.973–0.987) were analyzed, showing a strong correlation with surface temperatures: lower emissivity values corresponded to greener areas and lower temperatures, whereas higher values were linked to elevated temperatures. The study highlights the impact of surface characteristics on thermal behavior and underscores the role of urban heat islands (UHIs), particularly in northwestern Delhi. These UHIs, driven by industrial activity, dense settlements, and low-albedo materials, resulted in 2–4°C temperature differences between urban and rural areas, posing health risks to vulnerable populations. Mitigation strategies such as expanding green spaces and relocating high-emission industries are recommended to alleviate these risks. Despite the absence of field data, global studies validating Landsat and MODIS-derived LST support the accuracy of this study’s findings. Thus, the spatial pattern of LST remains reliable even with minor errors ranging from 1 to 2 °C. The study will help for strategic planning and mitigation measures to address extreme heat events in urban areas.

Antibiotic resistance profile of Escherichia coli from Marikina River in the Philippines: Environmental and public health implications

The Marikina River in the Philippines is faced with problems caused by urbanization through the indiscriminate discharge of agricultural and municipal effluents, thus making the river potentially take part in the transmission of antimicrobial resistance (AR). This study, therefore, focused on determining the concentration and AR profile of Escherichia coli isolated from surface waters across various river sites. The results showed that the concentration of E. coli from all six sampling sites, including one within a Philippine-protected landscape, has far exceeded the upper microbial limit for all water body classifications designated for beneficial use, including Class D water (400 CFU/100 mL). The estimated average E. coli and coliform concentrations from all sampling sites were 1.9 x 105 CFU/100 mL and 12.0 x 105 CFU/100 mL. Even in a protected area, average concentrations of E. coli (1.5 x 103 CFU/100 mL) and coliforms (5.6 x 103 CFU/100 mL) were far above the Class A water limit of 100 CFU/100 mL. Moreover, 18.8% and 22.9% of the isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers. Some isolates from the most upstream sites exhibited resistance to third-generation cephalosporins. These findings underscore the need for further surveillance, particularly in upstream areas, to better understand how human activities are contributing to the progression of AR in the river. Such studies are essential to keep authorities and policymakers informed and to guide more effective management and remediation efforts.

Enhancing drought resilience and sustainability in Solanum lycopersicum L cultivation: Synergistic effects of nano-fertilizer and hydrogels

Drought has a significant impact on agricultural practices in arid and semi-arid regions, reducing the quality of soil and impairing crop productivity. Innovative strategies are required to improve soil health and utilize optimum resources to overcome this situation. Despite improvements in fertilizer technology, there remains an essential research gap in understanding the synergistic effects of nano-fertilizers and hydrogels in mitigating water scarcity and enhancing nutrient efficiency. The present study explored the ability of Nano DAP fertilizer and hydrogels to improve soil parameters and the productivity of Solanum lycopersicum L (tomato) under drought conditions of Ananthapuramu district of Andhra Pradesh for two consecutive years (2022-2024). Five amendment combinations were analyzed: a control, traditional DAP fertilizer, DAP with hydrogel, Nano DAP, and a combination of Nano DAP and hydrogel. Of all these treatments, Nano DAP with hydrogel has shown significant improvement (p<0.05), an enhanced water-holding capacity (78±0.85 & 79±1.22%), and a reduction in bulk density (1.18±0.051 & 1.15±0.03g/cc). Moreover, the treatment also improved the soil nitrogen by 199±15.92 & 220±29.1 kg/ha and organic carbon content (0.25±0.017 & 0.026±0.013%, p<0.05) respectively. The treatment also enhanced soil microbial activity, further improving micronutrient availability. The key findings display the potential of combining Nano DAP, hydrogel, and DAP with hydrogel as a sustainable approach to mitigate drought impacts, enhance soil properties, and improve agricultural productivity. The study emphasizes the need to further investigate nano-fertilizer and hydrogel technologies as scalable solutions for resilient and sustainable agriculture in drought-prone regions.

Assessing the sensory qualities and acceptability of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and purple yam (Dioscorea alata) cookies: Opportunities for livelihood development

Malnutrition is a persistent challenge in the Philippines, with communities facing both nutrient deficiencies and overnutrition. Utilizing nutrient-rich root crops like sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and purple yam (Dioscorea alata) offers a practical approach to improving dietary intake and addressing these issues.This study evaluates the sensory qualities and acceptability of cookies made from sweet potato and purple yam as healthful snack options and potential sources of livelihood. To explore their integration into daily diets, three cookie formulations with varying proportions of these root crops were developed and assessed using a descriptive-quantitative approach. Sensory evaluation, employing a modified 5-point Likert scale, was conducted among faculty, bakers, and students at Cebu Technological University, Carmen Campus, and local bakeries.Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in sensory attributes. For appearance, the F-value was 23.02, showing notable differences between formulations, particularly F1 and F2. Aroma and texture were also significant (F-values: 37.38 and 42.07), with F2 consistently outperforming other groups. Sweetness exhibited the most variability (F-value: 162.62), reflecting clear preferences for the balanced formulation. Cookies with equal parts sweet potato and purple yam (F2) were significantly preferred for appearance, aroma, taste, sweetness, and texture. This success highlights the role of sensory evaluation in food development and the potential for local ingredients to enhance product appeal and support community income, addressing malnutrition and food security.

Effect of isolated active compounds of Fragaria X ananassa and Prunus amigdalus on induced hepatic steatosis in male albino rabbits

This study investigated the effects of Fragaria X ananassa polyphenols, Prunus amigdalus derived omega-3, and Omega3 and Vitamin E on Triton-induced fatty liver disease in 100 male rabbits divided into 10 groups. Group 1 to Group 10 as follows: control (1), rabbits given Triton (2), rabbits given polyphenols extracted from strawberry(3), rabbits given polyphenols extracted from strawberry with Triton(4), rabbits given Omega3 extracted from almond(5), rabbits given omega-3 extracted from almond with Triton(6), rabbits given polyphenols extracted from strawberry and omega3 extracted from almond(7), rabbits given polyphenols extracted from strawberry and omega-3 extracted from almond with Triton(8), rabbits given omega3, Vit.E (9) and rabbits given omega3, Vit.E with Triton (10) Treatments were administered daily for four months. Results showed a significant reduction in Hemoglobin Hb (6.42±0.16), Red Blood Cells RBCs(3.52±0.08), Packed Cell Volume PCV (2.81±0.08)  and Total Antioxidant Capacity TAC (3.62±0.13) in the Triton group compared to other treated groups. Conversely, treated groups showed improved hematological parameters levels, but White Blood Cells WBCs (14.77±0.04) increased in Triton group with a probability (P≤0.01) .

Seed priming improved germination, seedling quality and response to imposed drought stress in Vachellia tortilis subsp. spirocarpa (Hochst. Ex A. Rich.)

Successful afforestation in arid lands requires rapid, uniform seed germination and good quality seedlings. Seed priming is a pre-treatment of seeds to improve germination and produce seedlings that withstand changing environmental conditions. Therefore, the present study aimed to test the effects of seed priming on Vachellia tortilis seed germination, nursery seedlings quality and the response of produced seedlings to imposed drought stress. Seed samples of V. tortilis were primed in three concentrations of osmo-priming solutions (polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000)) and three concentrations of hormonal priming solutions (Gibberellic acid (GA3)). Then, the effects were monitored during seed germination, nursery seedling development, and in the greenhouse under three successive cycles of drying and rewatering treatments. During germination, seed priming resulted in a higher total germination percentage (TGP), accelerated uniform germination (higher germination index (GI) and lower mean germination time (MGT)), and increased seedling vigour index (SVI). The recorded improvement in germination was associated with stimulation of antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO)) and hydrolytic enzymes (Polygalacturonase (PG) and α-amylase) activities in primed germinated seeds. While in the nursery, priming significantly improved the quality traits of seedlings, including root collar diameter, shoot-to-root ratio, sturdiness quotient, and Dickson’s quality index. GA3-300ppm, GA3-200ppm, and PEG-10% treatments resulted in increases in total dry weight of 160%, 121%, and 64%, respectively. The high-quality seedlings produced resulted in better growth and survival under imposed drought stress in the greenhouse. The findings concluded that seed priming is crucial for enhancing the germination and quality of V. tortilis seedlings.