The Influence of Availability and Promotion on Customer Retention with the Customer Satisfaction as a Mediating Variable - a Literature Review on the Personal Care Industry

The personal care industry relies on product innovation, distribution, and promotional strategies as key factors for business success. Product availability and effective promotion play crucial roles in customer satisfaction and retention. However, limited research discusses how these two aspects interact and affect business sustainability in the personal care industry. To address this gap, this literature examines how prior studies have conceptualized and examined the relationships among product availability, promotion, customer satisfaction, and customer retention within the personal care industry. Relevant studies from marketing and distribution were systematically reviewed, using publications collected from ScienceDirect. We initially gathered 3,491 articles related to personal care, restricted to the last ten years, classified as research articles, and aligned with keywords such as marketing, promotion, advertising, discounting, branding, product completeness, and product availability. During this process, ten key journal articles were selected for further analysis. The findings reveal that product availability enhances customer satisfaction and encourages repeat purchases, while promotional strategies foster positive product perceptions and strengthen brand awareness. Together, these strategies provide a cohesive approach that significantly impacts customer retention. Overall, this study highlights the importance of combining product availability and promotional efforts to improve customer experience and support long-term success in the personal care industry. However, this study is limited to a conceptual framework and does not yet test the proposed relationships empirically. It is advisable for future research to authenticate this structural model by implementing it in real-world scenarios within the personal care industry, thereby yielding more robust practical insights and implications for both scholars and practitioners. Keywords: Availability; Marketing; Personal Care Industry; Promotion; Sales; Supply Chai

Investigation of Active Compounds in Vetiver Oil against Penicillin-Binding Protein 1 of Acinetobacter baumannii: A Bioinformatics Approach

Acinetobacter baumannii is responsible for various infections in humans and is well known for its ability to develop antibiotic resistance. Therefore, exploring natural compounds, such as those found in vetiver oil, is crucial. Vetiver oil contains numerous compounds, including sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpenols; however, their activity against A. baumannii has not been previously reported. This research aims to investigate the potential of vetiver oil compounds in inhibiting penicillin-binding protein 1 (PBP1) in Acinetobacter baumannii using a bioinformatics approach. The methodology involved obtaining the 3D structure of PBP1 from the Protein Data Bank (PDB), while vetiver oil compounds were retrieved from the PubMed database. The first screening was conducted using ADMET Lab 3.0 to assess drug-likeness parameters, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity. The best-screened compounds were further evaluated through molecular docking using the Proteins Plus webserver to determine the binding residues. The results showed that vetiver oil compounds, including nootkatone, khusimol, and vetivenic acid, formed hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Nootkatone, khusimol, and vetivenic acid have potential as inhibitors of PBP1; however, further in vitro studies are required to directly assess their biological activity and effectiveness

An Ensemble Convolutional Neural Network Approach for Image Classification of Indonesian Endemic Fruits

Indonesia has a diverse range of endemic fruits that grow in its various regions. These fruits have their own distinctive characteristics, which can sometimes lead to confusion in the sorting process. Classification can be used as a solution to this problem. Several similar studies have classified fruits; however, there has been no research specifically using deep learning methods for Indonesia's endemic fruits. The designed system is expected to classify fruits accurately based on their unique characteristics. The classification models used consist of three CNN architecture models: AlexNet, ResNet-50, and InceptionV3, which are then combined with an ensemble method. Each model is compared by evaluating the use of transfer learning and without it. The three models with the most optimal results are implemented in an ensemble application. The best results were obtained from the AlexNet model, with an accuracy of 99.67%, the InceptionV3 model, with an accuracy of 99.81%, and the ResNet-50 model, with an accuracy of 100%. All three models are implemented in an ensemble using the majority voting method. The results of the ensemble implementation yield an accuracy of 100% on the test dataset

Penerapan Metode Destilasi Uap dalam Produksi Minyak Atsiri Cengkeh di Desa Jatijejer

Indonesia merupakan negara dengan potensi besar dalam sektor pertanian. Salah satu wilayah dengan potensi tersebut adalah Desa Jatijejer, yang berlokasi di Kecamatan Trawas, Kabupaten Mojokerto, Jawa Timur. Tanaman yang dibudidayakan berupa tanaman pangan pokok dan tanaman cengkeh (Syzgium aromaticum) yang dapat dibuat menjadi minyak atsiri. Tim Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat dari Universitas Surabaya dan Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya melaksanakan kegiatan pelatihan destilasi uap untuk produksi minyak atsiri cengkeh. Kegiatan bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat Desa Jatijejer untuk produksi minyak atsiri cengkeh secara mandiri. Pelatihan mencakup penyampaian materi, demonstrasi proses destilasi, dan praktik langsung oleh peserta. Kegiatan ini diikuti oleh sebanyak 30 peserta yang berasal dari perwakilan perangkat desa, kelompok tani, PKK, dan BUMDes. Untuk menilai efektivitas kegiatan, tim pengabdian melakukan evaluasi pelatihan berupa pemberian pertanyaan terbuka terkait distilasi uap yang diberikan sebelum (pretest) dan sesudah pelatihan (posttest) serta pemantauan langsung selama praktik destilasi. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan adanya peningkatan dalam pengetahuan dan keterampilan peserta mengenai teknik destilasi uap dari 60% menjadi 98%. Kegiatan ini berhasil menumbuhkan semangat masyarakat untuk mengembangkan potensi alam yang dimiliki Desa Jatijejer untuk menghasilkan nilai jual yang lebih tinggi

Meaning of Work as a Mediator Between the Work–Family Interface and Employee Well- Being: Evidence from Indonesian Coal Miners

Employee well-being is increasingly recognized as a foundational component of sustainable performance, particularly in high-risk industries such as coal mining. Drawing on theories of the work–family interface and positive organizational behavior, this study examines the mediating role of meaning of work in linking work–family enrichment, work–family conflict self-efficacy to employee well-being. Cross-sectional survey data were obtained from 405 employees across multiple coal mining sites and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling. The results indicate that both work–family enrichment and meaning of work exert significant direct effects on employee well-being, whereas work–family conflict self- efficacy influence well-being indirectly through meaning of work. Meaning of work fully mediates the relationship between work–family conflict self-efficacy and employee well-being, and partially mediates the relationship between work–family enrichment and employee well-being. These findings demonstrate that employee well-being is shaped not only by psychological resources derived from work and family experiences but also by employees’ capacity to derive meaning from their work. Thus, meaning of work functions as a core psychological mechanism that transforms self-efficacy and enrichment into sustained well-being within coal mining occupations

Gender Differences in Financial Well-Being:A Multi-Group Analysis of Indonesian Income-Earning Gen-Z

Gen-Z in Indonesia faces financial challenges due to low financial literacy, impulsive spending, and FOMO, prioritizing short-term desires over long-term financial freedom and stability. This study examines key determinants of financial well-being among Gen-Z, integrating gender differences as a moderator. Through PLS-SEM and MGA analysis of 612 respondents, this study identifies financial literacy, self-control, behavior, and stress as key determinants of financial well-being. Financial behavior and stressmediate key relationships, with gender differences in financial understanding and stress management. This study suggests that governments should introduce financial literacy earlier and offer accessible financial consultations, while Gen-Z must cultivate self-discipline and financial knowledge to achieve sustainable financial well-being

Extract of Papaya Leaf to Inhibit Osteomyelitis in Male Wistar Rats Induced by Staphylococcus aureus

Osteomyelitis is a bone infection predominantly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, accounting for 30–60% of cases. Its incidence remains unclear globally, and data in Indonesia are limited. Alternative treatments using medicinal plants, such as papaya leaves, are being explored due to their antibacterial properties. This study aimed to determine the effect of papaya leaf extract on inhibiting osteomyelitis progression in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced by Staphylococcus aureus. This experimental study used a Randomized Controlled Trial with a Post-Test Only Control Group Design. A total of 35 male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: control, S. aureus induction, S. aureus + cephalexin, and two treatment groups receiving papaya leaf extract at doses of 100 mg/kg of body weight and 300 mg/kg of body weight. Data were analyzed using normality, homogeneity, ANOVA, LSD, and effect size tests. Papaya leaf extract at both doses inhibited osteomyelitis progression, with the 300 mg/kg of body weight dose showing the most significant effect. This was indicated by a reduced ratio of mononuclear to histiocyte cells and a large effect size (Cohen’s d). Papaya leaf extract demonstrates potential antibacterial activity against osteomyelitis and may serve as an alternative therapeutic approach. Further studies are recommended to explore its clinical application and mechanism of action

Representasi Tekanan Psikologis dalam Upacara Rambu Solo’ di Tana Toraja: Perspektif Psikologi Budaya

Rambu Solo' merupakan ritual pemakaman yang sakral dan kompleks yang dipraktikkan di Tana Toraja, yang dapat memicu tekanan psikologis karena tuntutan sosial, emosional, dan ekonomi yang dibebankan kepada keluarga penyelenggara. Kajian terhadap aspek psikologis ritual ini menjadi penting mengingat minimnya penelitian psikologi budaya yang secara khusus menyoroti dampak psikologis dari praktik adat dalam konteks masyarakat Indonesia kontemporer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi tekanan psikologis yang dialami oleh keluarga selama pelaksanaan ritual tersebutt. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, data dikumpulkan melalui studi literatur dan wawancara mendalam dengan tiga orang yang secara langsung berpartisipasi dalam upacara tersebut. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa keluarga mengalami tekanan psikologis yang signifikan, terutama karena kewajiban adat untuk melaksanakan upacara dalam skala besar, yang sering kali melebihi kemampuan finansial mereka. Banyak dari keluarga penyelenggara upacara Rambu Solo’ yang terpaksa menjual properti atau berhutang untuk memenuhi harapan tersebut, sebuah beban yang semakin diperberat oleh tekanan masyarakat untuk menyelenggarakan acara yang rumit. Keluarga-keluarga penyelenggara upacara rambu solo’ berusaha untuk mengatasinya melalui dukungan emosional di antara para anggota dan berbagai strategi manajemen stres. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa meskipun Rambu Solo' berfungsi sebagai ekspresi penghormatan kepada leluhur yang bermakna, namun upacara adat tersebut juga menimbulkan beban psikologis yang cukup besar. Oleh karena itu, penyesuaian sosial budaya diperlukan untuk melestarikan makna ritual tanpa terlalu membebani keluarga yang menyelenggarakannya

Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil via Sodium Hydroxide-Catalyzed Transesterification in a Tubular Microreactor

Biodiesel production can be improved using new microdevice technologies that increase reaction efficiency and yield. This study focused on biodiesel synthesis from palm oil through transesterification using a sodium hydroxide catalyst. A compact PTFE microreactor with a 1 mm diameter was used. The effect of methanol-to-oil ratio, temperature, and catalyst concentration was explored to determine the optimal conditions for producing fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). The highest FAME yield reached 90.30% with a short residence time of 10.85 minutes. The final product had a density of 0.848 to 0.909 g/ml and a viscosity of 4.038 to 24.987 CSt, showing the method’s effectiveness

Analisis Manajemen Strategi PT BARITO RENEWABLE ENERGY TBK (BREN) dengan Pendekatan SWOT, SPACE, BCG, IE Matrix, dan Grand Strategy Matrix

This study aims to evaluate the implementation of strategic management in Barito Renewables Energy Tbk (BREN) as a company operating in the renewable energy sector to support the transition toward a cleaner and more sustainable energy system. The company plays a significant role in developing geothermal energy as a stable baseload power source, contributing to national energy mix targets and carbon emission reduction. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method by examining internal and external business environments using several strategic formulation tools, including SWOT Analysis, SPACE Matrix, BCG Matrix, IE Matrix, and the Grand Strategy Matrix. The SWOT analysis reveals that the company’s primary strengths lie in its strategic geothermal assets, strong financial backing, long-term power purchase agreements ensuring revenue stability, and commitment to Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles. However, the firm also faces limitations such as high initial capital requirements, dependence on a single major buyer, and limited diversification of renewable energy sources. Externally, opportunities arise from supportive government policies, increasing demand for clean energy, and Indonesia’s abundant natural resources, while challenges include operational risks, regulatory dynamics, and intensifying competition within the renewable energy industry. The SPACE analysis positions the company in an aggressive quadrant, indicating strong capability for expansion and business development. The BCG Matrix categorizes its core business as high- growth and high-market-share, requiring sustained investment. The IE Matrix suggests a grow- and-build posture, and the Grand Strategy Matrix confirms that the company is in a strong competitive position within a rapidly growing market. Overall, the recommended strategy is sustainable growth through expanding clean energy capacity, diversifying renewable energy portfolios, leveraging technological innovation, and strengthening strategic partnerships and green financing. These strategies are expected to enhance competitiveness while supporting the long-term national energy transition agenda