Effect of Carotid arterial blockage on the water and specific gravity of rat brain

History and Objectives: Due to the cerebral vasogenic edema and its effects on complications of blood brain barrier and its final effect on the function of brain and in order to determine the percentage of water and specific gravity of rat brain tissue in carotid arterial blockage, this in vitro study was conducted in 1994. Materials and Methods: An experimental clinical trial was conducted on 30 rats. Animals were divided into three groups and sodium thiopental (Nesdonal) (60 mg/kg) were injected intrapertioneally as an anesthetic agent. Carotid artery was blocked for 15 and 30 minutes in order to produce acute vasogenic edema. The effect of the blockage on the water percent and specific gravity of brain tissue was determined. Wet-dry method and specific gravity methods were used to measure the percentage of water and specific gravity. ANOVA test was used to analyze the results. Relationship between the blockage and water percentage and specific gravity of brain tissue was determined. Results: The present study showed that the percentage of water at 0, 15 and 30 minute intervals after edema at the right hemisphere of brain was 73.9%±5.3, 75.7%±2.5 and 77.1%±2.2 respectively, which was insignificant on statistical analysis. The percentages on the left hemisphere of the brain were 77.8%±1.4, 78.4%±3 and 80.6%±3 respectively, which was statistically significant. The specific gravity of right hemisphere was 1.046±0.001, 1.047±0.002 and 1.045±0.009 respectively, which was statistically significant. The specific gravity of the left hemisphere of the brain was 1.046±0.002, 1.044±0.002 and 1.043±0.003 respectively, which was statistically in significant. Conclusion: Linear regression of percentage of the water was W=73.96+10.37×10^-2 t for the right hemisphere and W=77.48+9.85×10^-2 t for the left hemisphere and for specific gravity of right and left hemisphere was 1/SG=0.956+4.005×10^-5 t and 1/SG=0.956+8.046×10^-5 t

Anterior chamber culture of patients undergoing Cataract surgery, 1996-97

History and Objectives: Cataract surgery is one of the most common surgical methods performed on the eye. Endophthalmitis is one of the complications of the eye, which may have serious adverse effect on the patients. In order to address this issue, epidemiologic analysis of microorganisms most prevalent in the anterior chamber fluid among patients undergoing cataract surgery in Matini hospital was investigated in 1996 and 1997. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study on 86 individuals was performed. After sterilization, cataract surgery was performed and after the placement of the lens (ECCE+PCIOL) in the anterior chamber, 0.1mL of the anterior chamber fluid was taken and blood agar and anaerobic thioglyculate plates were inoculated. The extent of infection and confidence interval for the population was obtained. Demographic characteristics of the patients were recorded. Results: 7 (6 cases) of patients and in the population as whole (CI=12.3 up to 1.6) had microbial growth in their anterior chamber fluid. Staphylococcus coagulase negative was prevalent in men (5.4) and women (8.2). Endophthalmitis was not present despite of microbial growth. Conclusion: 7 of patients had infection which the great majority of them were in their 70-90. Older patients had higher colony count around the eyelash and conjunctiva. This may contribute to increased rate of infection of the anterior chamber infection during the cataract surgery

Epidemiologic study of urinary infections without clinical symptoms among pregnant women: Diagnostic values of Nitrate among subjects referred to the Dr.Shabikhani Hospital, 1996

History and Objectives: Since the prevalence of the urinary infections without clinical symptoms are fairly high among pregnant women, diagnostic values of the nitrate was investigated among individuals referred to the Dr. Shabihkhani hospital of Kashan in 1996. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in a descriptive manner in the first phase and as a clinical diagnostic trial in the second phase on 350 samples. Patient records were containing age of pregnancy, number of pregnancies, number of births, education, past urinary infections were recorded by a specialist. Patients were referred to the Central Laboratory and urinary analysis and microbiological test were conducted. Results: Prevalence of urinary infection was 5.4 (19 individuals) and confidence interval (With the probability of 95) for the population was 3 (Minimum) and 7.8 (Maximum) respectively. Sensitivity of the nitrate test compared to the culture test was 78.94 and specificity was 99.09 and positive and negative reported values were 83.33 and 98.8 percent respectively. 98 of nitrate tests were in agreement with the culture test. Conclusion: The present study show that although sensitivity and specificity of the nitrate test was higher compared to previous reports, nitrate urine test for detection symptomatic urinary infection of pregnant women is not logical since undetected cases will pose increased danger to the mother and fetus

Comparative study on diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infection and the number of specimen studied

History and Objectives: Detection of intestinal parasitic infection is usually performed with multiple fecal specimen examination. The present study will show a relationship between the number of samples studied and the detection of intestinal parasitic infection among patients complaining from indegestion. Materials and Methods: A analytical study was conducted on 150 patients, 72 men (48) and 78 women (52), who were referred to the internal medicine clinic of Shaheed Beheshti hospital during the first half of 1996. Three fecal samples were taken in triplicates every other three days and examined for parasitic agents by formalin-ether method at the Central Diagnostic Laboratory of the University. The results of three samples and three different days of sampling were analyzed by the statistical relativity test. Results: The prevalence of parasitic infection from the first sample collection was 43.3 (65 patients), after the second sample examination, 56.7 (85 patients) and with the third sample 65.3 (98 patients). The prevalence of infection for the first, second and third day was 43.3, 23.5 and 20 respectively. Conclusion: The number of fecal samples studies has significant effect on the detection of intestinal infection. However, the prevalence rates were lower compared to previous studies. Therefore, it is recommended that a similar study on healthy individuals may be conducted

Effect of injected Steroids on drug resistant spring conjunctivitis

History and Objectives: Due to prevalence of inflammatory spring conjunctivitis in Kashan and resistance of some patients to current therapies, the present study was conducted in order to display the effect of injected Steroids on patients suffering from the inflammatory spring conjunctivitis referred to eye clinic of Matini hospital of Kashan in 1996-97. Materials and Methods: A semi-experimental clinical trial was carried out on 21 patients (42 eyes). Patients were non-responsive to normal treatment (Prednisolone acetate 1 drops every 2-4 hours, Nephazoline-Antazoline drops every 6 hours along with sodium chromolin every 6 hours one drop) and recurrence of the inflammation was evident after 3 months. Injection of 0.5ml (20mg) of triamcinolones acetonide at upper tares was followed for 3-7 months. Mc Nemar's statistical analysis was performed. Results: Minor signs (Itching, burn, tear drops and light phobia) were evident in all patients injected with Steroids (100). The size of papia, edge of lemp decreased one month after injection. One month after injection 3 patients (14.3) complained from recurrent inflammatory pains, which upon second injection obtained relative improvement. No side effect was observed in any patient (0) and tolerated the therapy well. Conclusion: In light rapid response to injected Steroid, reduction of inflammatory pains and reduction in the size of papia of back of eyelid and lemp in patients suffering from spring conjunctivitis who are resistant to current therapies, this type may become an effective and rapid therapy