THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HIV SUPPORT PROGRAMS AND PUBLIC HEALTH OUTCOMES

Abstract The effectiveness of HIV support programs and their impact on public health outcomes are examined. In 1990, the Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency (CARE) Act was passed, and the Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program was created. It has a significant role in providing essential services for those who are affected by HIV/AIDS. The program’s structure encompasses Parts A, B, C, and D, along with additional elements including the AIDS Dental Reimbursement Program and Community-Based Dental Partnership Program. The effectiveness of other components like the AIDS Education and Training Centers (AETCs) and the Minority AIDS Initiative (MAI) are evaluated to enhance HIV/AIDS care. The importance of HIV education and awareness is discussed to reduce stigma, promote testing and prevention, and improve health outcomes. The significance of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in HIV prevention and effective strategies for dealing with heterosexual HIV transmission is underlined. The evaluation of the impact of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on HIV/AIDS coverage highlights the improvement in access to health insurance and care. For comprehensive HIV education, prevention, and care, it is crucial to foster open discussion, accurate information, and tackle stigma. By using this approach, a more informed and supportive community can be built. Keywords: Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program, Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency (CARE) Act of 1990, HIV/AIDS care services, PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis), PLWH (People Living with HIV), Minority AIDS Initiativ

The History of the National Football League

This paper analyzes the complete development from the origin to modern day modifications of the National Football League (NFL). Starting with the earliest forms of football, this study describes the inception of football at college level and the evolution of associated rules and gameplay that formed the framework for the NFL. Then, the paper details the emergence of the NFL in the 20th century, including important people, teams, the first league structure, and all the challenges during the formative years of the league. Moreover, the paper describes the expansion and professionalization of football during major events like the Great Depression and World War 2 and the impact these eras had on the NFL. It analyzes the impacts of famous players and teams, Television, and significant rule changes that came to mark modern football. In addition, this study analyzes the issues of race, labor disputes, international expansion of the NFL, and the business aspects of the game. Lastly, the paper discusses the impacts of technology, culture, and other modern day challenges the NFL faces in the 21st century contemplating the future of the league. To achieve this goal, the paper demonstrates the need of sociological imagination

Computational Investigation of Fluoride and Superoxide Radical Anion Interactions with the Thymine Nucleobase

We present the first computational investigation of the intermolecular interactions between the fluoride anion (F⁻) and the superoxide radical anion (O₂⁻) with the thymine nucleobase. Calculations were performed using density functional theory (DFT) with the B3LYP functional and the aug-cc-pVDZ correlation-consistent basis set. Full geometry optimizations were carried out for the thymine–F⁻ and thymine–O₂⁻ complexes, accompanied by radial and angular potential energy surface scans, vibrational frequency analyses, and dissociation energy evaluations. Particular attention was given to proton transfer processes from thymine’s acidic N–H sites to F⁻ and O₂⁻, leading to the formation of hydrogen-bonded and proton-transferred complexes. Comparative analysis between these two hard anionic bases reveals differences in hydrogen-bond strength, site selectivity, and proton-transfer propensity. These results provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying oxidative and anionic nucleobase damage, contributing to a deeper understanding of DNA reactivity with reactive oxygen species (ROS)

Barriers to the Ballot: Unpacking the Paradox of Female Underrepresentation in Politics

Women continue to be underrepresented in American politics and despite intuition, extant scholarship ultimately finds that women have an electoral advantage compared to men. So, what is keeping women out of office? This paper seeks to explore the extent to which gender socialization affects the relationship between gender and political ambition. Studying women’s underrepresentation in politics is of importance because it could help democratic legitimacy and equality as well as addressing systematic barriers. I examine these dynamics using the 2024 American National Election Survey (ANES) dataset utilizing survey questions centered on understanding the obstacles causing many qualified women to turn their backs on political candidacy. I expect to find that there is a significant difference in political ambition levels between men and women. I also expect to find that gender socialization has a significant impact on the relationship between gender and political ambition levels, with women who experienced more traditional gender socialization as an adolescent will have lower political ambition levels than men who experienced more traditional gender socialization. Findings from this project will help better understand the dearth of female representation in American politics

Kala M. Stroup, The Murray State Shield 1985 pg. 220

https://digitalcommons.murraystate.edu/oh-murray-state-women/1027/thumbnail.jp

Nita Head, The Murray State Shield 1978 pg. 89

https://digitalcommons.murraystate.edu/oh-murray-state-women/1038/thumbnail.jp

Clinical Education Program for Hair Removal to Reduce Surgical Site Infections

Abstract Surgical site infections (SSIs) significantly impact surgical patients and with one contributory to their development is hair removal method, education about surgical hair removal methods is minimal in continued educational programs. The purpose of this project was to provide an educational program that discussed hair removal methods to reduce surgical site infections. The staff was educated on methods for hair removal in surgical patients, recommendations from manufacturers of the product, hospital policies regarding hair removal and governing organizational guidelines. Over two days for a 10-hour shift each day, a poster board and a 15-30-minute presentation then a pre/post-test was used to delivery and evaluate the project. Participants completed the pre-test, listen and view the education program, and then complete the post-test. The project resulted in 24 participants from the surgical department. The average score for the pretest was 4.17 out of 6 possible points, and the median was 4/6 points, ranging from 2-5 points. The average score for the posttest was 5.63, making an overall increase of 1.46 points compared to the pretest. The median of the posttest was 6/6, with a range of 4 to 6 points. The project found that implementing the education program effectively increased participants’ knowledge of target objectives regarding surgical hair removal. The educational program was limited in nature, as it reviewed only one major area of perioperative nursing. It is recommended that more in-depth training is necessary for both old and new perioperative nurses to stay abreast of the latest recommendations and guidelines. Keywords: surgical site infections, surgical hair removal, hair removal methods, perioperative nursin

Faculty Awards Banquet Program

A NIGHT TO HONOR THE FACULTY OF MURRAY STATE UNIVERSITY FACULTY AWARDS BANQUET CURRIS CENTER BALLROOM APRIL 17, 202

Passive Integrated Transponders: An effective marking technique for individual identification of Anaxyrus fowleri?

With the rise of fungal disease such as Chytridiomycosis causing massive population declines for many species of frogs and toads (order Anura), specific conservation strategies are needed now more than ever. In many cases, being able to mark and identify individuals is a necessary step in developing an effective conservation plan. Individual identification allows researchers to obtain accurate population estimates, which are needed to test the progress and validity of conservation management decisions. However, due to their unique life history, including cutaneous respiration, Anurans are among the most difficult wildlife species to effectively mark for individual identification. In a mesocosm study, we are testing Passive Integrated Transponders (PIT) tags on Anaxyrus fowleri in western Kentucky to determine if PIT tags are a safe and effective marking technique for this and related species. In 2023, we implanted PIT tags directly into the body cavity of Anaxyrus fowleri, resulting in low tag retention. This led us to implant the tags subcutaneously in 2024, and that experiment is ongoing. We predict that tag retention will increase with subcutaneous implantation when compared to body cavity implantation. Additionally, we predict that there will not be any significant body condition or survival differences between PIT-tagged toads and the control (visual ID) group

Julian Carroll House of Representatives Acceptance Letter 9

https://digitalcommons.murraystate.edu/julian-carroll-coll/1012/thumbnail.jp