Ithaca College

Gessner, Camryn

The Benefits of Aquatic Therapy in Conjunction with Land-Based Physical Therapy for Rehabilitation after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Case Series  Camryn Gessner, SPT; Research Mentor: Teresa Chen, PT, PhD Ithaca College May, 2022    Background Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder in older Americans, with a prevalence of about 30% in adults who are greater than 60 years old.1 Knee OA typically presents as pain and stiffness, which limits someone’s daily functional activities. Patients who experience these restrictions typically seek conservative treatment first.1 If that form of care is unsuccessful then joint replacement surgery is indicated.1 Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) is a safe procedure to reduce pain, correct joint deformities, and improve overall function and quality of life in patients with symptomatic, end-stage knee OA.2 Statistically, over a third of adults with knee OA have undergone joint replacement surgery. Rehabilitation is vital to restore knee range of motion, improve single-leg balance for normalized walking, and reduce pain. Researchers have found that utilizing an aquatic medium instead of using the traditional land-based setting is beneficial for patients who have increased pain with bearing weight through the post-surgical limb. The hydrostatic properties decrease the load on the post-operative joint and reduce pain levels allowing for a more tolerated rehabilitation program. The beneficial effects of aquatic-based therapy after knee replacement surgery have allowed patients with impaired motor function to perform exercises more efficiently. However, there is limited research on the carry-over of combining land-based therapy and aquatic therapy to functional activities of daily living. The purpose of this case-series is to fill the gap of limited research on the topic by examining two patients, with similar demographics, who underwent rehabilitation after TKA.   Methods RS is a 67-year-old male who received land-based physical therapy only and AS is a 74- year-old male who received land-based physical therapy in conjunction with aquatic therapy after TKA. A total of 13 weeks of physical therapy intervention carried out in three phases was designed to address three main outcomes, including 1) knee range of motion, 2) pain, and 3) single-leg balance for normalized walking pattern of the post-surgical knee.  Data collection for this case series was broken down into three pahses to be able to track short term verus long term objective progress. Each phase was a total of 10 visits, which is consistent with Medicare re-evaluation guidelines. The set goals and land-based exercises were the same throughout all phases of care regardless of the treatment environment. Since the aquatic environment off-loads the painful limb it was vital to see if the water impacted objective progress on land. Figure 1 provides a timeline of both patients’ rehabilitation processes.  After TKA, RS and AS demonstrated differences in pain level, degrees of available knee range of motion, and functional single leg balance time in their post-operative limb. In order to detect clinical differences within this case-series, the patients’ outcomes were compared to their baseline values for each measure.   Results The results of the three outcomes throughout three phases of care were shown in Figure 2-4. After land-based in conjunction with aquatic physical therapy, AS’s knee range of motion improved to 126°, which is beyond the values required for daily functional activities.3 AS had a 75% decrease in the worst pain level, indicating much relief from pain.4 By the final observation, AS’s single-leg stance was 31 seconds, beyond normative values for his age group.5 RS had little to no objective improvements and was far from reaching knee ranges of motion that were of functional values after receiving 13 weeks of land-only physical therapy. The findings suggested that there were positive relationships between the improvements made in knee range of motion, single-leg balance, and reduction in pain when incorporating the properties of the aquatic medium to the traditional land-based rehabilitation process.   Discussion and Conclusion End-stage knee OA often indicates TKA surgery for a full return to the functional goals. This case-series proves that land-based therapy in conjunction with aquatic therapy led to positive outcomes in regaining functional knee ranges of motion, reducing pain levels, and improving single-leg balance which is necessary for the normalized walking pattern. Being able to utilize the properties of water to unload the post-operative joint allows for carry-over of more functional exercises to be performed in both rehabilitation environments. This allowed AS to tolerate more exercises that targeted his functional goals.    	Bibliography  1. Rönn K, Reischl N, Gautier E, Jacobi M. Current surgical treatment of knee osteoarthritis.  Arthritis. 2011;2011:454873. doi:10.1155/2011/454873 2. Weinstein AM, Rome BN, Reichmann WM, et al.. Estimating the Burden of Total Knee  Replacement in the United States. The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery. 2013; 95 (5): 385-392. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.L.00206. 3. Gibson AJ, Shields N. Effects of Aquatic Therapy and Land-Based Therapy versus Land-Based  Therapy Alone on Range of Motion, Edema, and Function after Hip or Knee Replacement: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Physiother Can. 2015;67(2):133-141. doi:10.3138/ptc.2014-01 4. Sloman R, Wruble AW, Rosen G, Rom M. Determination of clinically meaningful levels of pain  reduction in patients experiencing acute postoperative pain. Pain Manag Nurs. 2006;7(4):153-158. doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2006.09.001 5. Springer BA, Marin R, Cyhan T, Roberts H, Gill NW. Normative values for the unipedal stance  test with eyes open and closed. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2007;30(1):8-15. doi:10.1519/00139143-200704000-00003     Supporting materials               Figure 1. Timeline and Three Phases of Plan of Care in Two Patients (RS and AS).  Note.  1. RS received land-based only physical therapy (Brown Color) while AS received land-based in conjunction with aquatic therapy (Blue Color).  2. DOS = date of surgery; ROM = range of motion                       Figure 2. Knee Range of Motion throughout Three Phases of Physical Therapy Intervention.  Note.  1. RS received land-based only physical therapy (Brown/Yellow Color) while AS received land-based in conjunction with aquatic therapy (Blue Color).  2. Higher value is correlated with a better function.                             Figure 3. Pain Level throughout Three Phases of Physical Therapy Intervention.   Note.  1. RS received land-based only physical therapy (Brown/Yellow Color) while AS received land-based in conjunction with aquatic therapy (Blue Color).  2. Higher value indicates worse pain                     Figure 4. Single-Leg Standing Time throughout Three Phases of Physical Therapy Intervention.  Note.  1. RS received land-based only physical therapy (Brown/Yellow Color) while AS received land-based in conjunction with aquatic therapy (Blue Color).  2. Higher value indicates better balance.    

English

The Benefits of Aquatic Therapy in Conjunction with Land-Based Physical Therapy for Rehabilitation after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Case Series

Mester, Sara

Title: Perceptions of Telehealth in Outpatient Orthopedic Physical Therapy: Contrasting Experienced Clinicians and Student Clinicians  Author: Sara Mester  Faculty Sponsors: Dr. Michael Costello, PT, DSc, OCS, MTC and Dr. Karen Lomond, PhD  ABSTRACT  Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused an abrupt shift to social-distancing which changed the way health care providers work. Specifically, the use of telehealth increased dramatically to reduced exposure, maintain social distancing, and continue to meet patient needs.1 In general medicine, telehealth has many well-documented barriers that include inadequate reimbursement, lack of technology infrastructure, and lack of clinician training2; however, there is little work dedicated specifically to  clinical practices that rely on direct “hands on” examinations and interventions, such as outpatient orthopedic physical therapy. Given that the reimbursement and  utilization of telehealth will likely continue beyond the current pandemic3, it is vital that professions such as physical therapy examine the strengths and limitations of practicing via telehealth. Thus, the purpose of this project was to examine clinician confidence in performing key out-patient orthopedic practice areas using telehealth and compare perceptions of challenges between experienced clinicians and student clinicians.    Methods: A 28-item questionnaire was developed based on the American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties’ Description of Residency Practice of Orthopedics. A two-stage Delphi validation process was conducted in March 2021. The survey was distributed to Ithaca College physical therapy graduate students and alumni in April 2021 and was available through October 2021. Participants were asked to rate seven survey sections, focused on clinician psychomotor skills, on a 5-point Likert scale (1= Not at All Confident and 5= Very Confident). Participants were also as to rate statements on the challenges and barriers associated with practicing telehealth on a different 5-point Likert scale (1= Strongly Disagree and 5=Strongly Agree). The survey concluded with five open-ended questions about advantages, challenges/barriers, concerns, and the likelihood of using telehealth once the pandemic has settled.  Data were concatenated in Microsoft Excel.  Differences in ratings between practicing and student clinicians on each rating were assessed via Chi Square and Cramer’s V effect size using SPSS. Open-ended question responses were imported into Atlas TI for coding and theme identification.   Results: The survey had a total of 161 responses: 107 practicing out patient orthopedic clinicians and 25 graduates students with some clinical exposure in this setting; 29 respondents  did not meet the criteria to take the survey. Significant differences in confidence performing key psychomotor skills existed between experienced clinicians and students in the areas of: subjective exam, tests and measures, and assessment of patient outcomes (p<0.05). Students were more confident in their ability to teach interventions in the areas of range of motion (ROM), flexibility, and patient education via telehealth. Whereas, experienced clinicians were more confident in screening in red flags, prescribing aerobic exercise, performing outcome measures, and assessing function over telehealth compared to physical therapists. Both experienced clinicians and students agree that the use of telehealth will continue even when things start to return to "normalcy”, telehealth decreases wait times for patients, and telehealth limits physical therapists' use of palpation or other manual examination procedures. Participants mentioned many of these topics when responding to the topic of educational preparation regarding telehealth. Common words noted in the qualitative analysis were manual/hands on, ROM/movement, technology concerns, and evaluation skills.  Discussion: Differences and similarities between students and experienced clinicians may be based on a multitude of factors. Significant differences may be based on clinical experience rather than experience with telehealth per se. Other differences could be due to students being  confident with technology, which makes conducting an online physical therapy session smoother. Results from the quantitative analysis correlate with the results of our qualitative data. The survey shows that there are concerns regarding educational preparation for conducting a physical therapy session over telehealth. Participants comments showed the vast majority would like to learn ways to perform an examination, better assess ROM, teach joint mobilizations, and collect outcome measures over telehealth in the future.  Conclusion: Overall, it appears that the differences between licensed physical therapists and graduate physical therapy students may provide a better understanding how current and soon-to-be outpatient orthopedic physical therapists perceive their ability to practice via telehealth. Key areas of improvement in the future should focus on incorporating training in using telehealth for movement examination and interventions. Further research should also address issues around how to standardize physical exam items in a telehealth setting (e.g., ROM or strength).   References: 1. Hollander, J. E., & Carr, B. G. (2020). Virtually perfect? Telemedicine for COVID-19. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(18), 1679-1681. 2. Turolla A, Rossettini G, Viceconti A, Palese A, Geri T. Musculoskeletal Physical Therapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Is Telerehabilitation the Answer?. Phys Ther. 2020. doi:10.1093/ptj/pzaa093 3. Demiris G, Speedie S, Finkelstein S. A questionnaire for the assessment of patients’ impressions of the risks and benefits of home telecare. J Telemed Telecare. 2000;6(5):278-284. doi:10.1258/1357633001935914       Table 1. Qualitative analysis common codes with participant quotes. 00.050.10.150.20.250.30.350.40.450.50.550.60.650.70.750.80.850.90.95CC Hx Red Flags SINSS Hx ofConditionPtPerceptionSystemsReviewAD Pt Goals Screening(psych)SubjectiveChi-Square p-value Effect Size                          Figure 2: Comparing p-value to effect size in the subjective section *p<0.05     Qualitative Analysis: Representative Quotes Manual Therapy “It was difficult because I could not perform manual techniques on post op patients after joint replacements and other orthopedic surgeries. I had a pt s/p TKA who ended up stopping telehealth and coming to the clinic because he mostly needed manual. He was independent with all exercises and had a home gym.” Travel “Still using today, with patients who have scheduling difficulty, are leaving the city temporarily. Also in a big commuter location, if people are not in the city all the time they can schedule TH days they are home.” Assessment “3 dimensional seating and postural assessments, assessment of skin integrity, and delivery of skilled manual techniques are limited.” Safety/Gait “Several times Mostly medium/ high fall risk , balance and gait work.” Patient Access “Patients have access to care when they can't get into the clinic.”          Figure 3: Example of table used to determine effect size using Cramer’s V.  

Perceptions of Telehealth in Outpatient Orthopedic Physical Therapy: Contrasting Experienced Clinicians and Student Clinicians

Dhameeth, Liza

Liza Dhameeth (Ithaca College), “Imaginative Resistance, Power, and Propaganda”Abstract:The notion of Imaginative Resistance was first coined by Richard Moran in 1994 in hisarticle entitled “The Expression of Feeling in Imagination”. The concept was later explored byKendall L. Walton in his and Michael Tanner’s article “Morals in Fiction and FictionalMorality”, where they both form their respective arguments about why consumers of literatureencounter imaginative resistance. In this paper, I refer to Walton’s argument which essentiallymakes the case that morally deviant values invite the audience to imagine things we findconceptually impossible thus we resist imagining them. Historically speaking, the standard hasbeen such that imaginative resistance has only been applied in the context of fictional works.This paper explores uncharted territory in the canon of philosophical literature because it appliesimaginative resistance to propaganda and ultimately presents a novel means of confronting theproblem of imaginative resistance. My intention in making this connection was because I find ita crucial step toward combatting the issue of the general public being manipulated by corruptgovernments or people. Throughout history, we have seen time and again that deviant moralvalues are fed to people where there is a lack of knowledge which is why main of the world’satrocities were able to be carried out. I specifically chose propaganda as the medium to analyzealongside imaginative resistance, because it is known to be one of the most indoctrinating formsof media. This paper is beneficial to the lives of college students because learning how toconfront imaginative resistance in an effort to gain more knowledge to protect society fromcorrupt institutions in power, is universally applicable.My work proposes a new way to confront imaginative resistance by examining Walton’sargument, applying imaginative resistance to propaganda, considering Kathleen Stock’s solutionto imaginative resistance, and proposing my own solution. To apply imaginative resistance topropaganda, I examined two of history’s most influential works: Adolf Hitler’s Mein Kampf andNiccolo Machiavelli’s The Prince. To compose this paper, I conducted extensive research onphilosophical articles relating to imaginative resistance and I handpicked the abovementionedliterary pieces of propaganda to showcase the effects of imaginative resistance and the lackthereof on the ability of those in power to brainwash civilians.After conducting my research, I was able to come to the conclusion to confrontimaginative resistance we can prepare to read a work we find morally repugnant by researchingthe historical context of the work. This is the best approach that has been provided to solve theproblem of imaginative resistance because knowing the facts of the matter allows us to be lessprone to be influenced by deviant values. Hence, my proposed approach aids in the mitigation ofthe power that propaganda has to manipulate our patterns of thinking such that they align withcorrupt authority figures.My work introduces a way to confront a common problem that people have withinsociety in order to prevent others from being easily manipulated by governments or any otherinstitutions or people by providing them with a solution to the problem of imaginative resistance.It is of utmost importance that we invest our time into learning about imaginative resistance andways of confronting it because we will be more open to learning the facts of any given matterbefore immersing ourselves in what the media has to say about those matters, which protects usfrom being manipulated by those in power. My solution is important to society because it can beused to aid in overcoming the war that Russia is waging on Ukraine because the Russian statemedia is feeding Russian citizens with one unsubstantiated narrative and telling the worldanother inaccurate narrative. Providing Russian citizens with unbiased and factual historicalcontext about Russia’s historical relationship with Ukraine will allow Russians to be aware of theRussian government’s true intentions. Therefore, the novel solution to imaginative resistanceproposed in my paper is groundbreaking in its ability to be applied to numerous contexts,especially those that are political in nature.Works CitedHilter, Adolf. Mein Kampf. Franz Eher Nachfolger GmbH, 1925. San Jose StateUniversity.https://www.sjsu.edu/people/mary.pickering/courses/His146/s1/MeinKampfpartone0001.pdf.PDF file.Machiavelli, Niccolo. The Prince. E-book ed., The Gutenberg Project, 1998.https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1232/pg1232-images.htmlStock, Kathleen. “Resisting Imaginative Resistance.” The Philosophical Quarterly(1950-), vol. 55, no. 221, [Oxford University Press, University of St. Andrews, ScotsPhilosophical Association], 2005, pp. 607–24, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3542965.Tuna, Emine Hande. “Imaginative Resistance.” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,Stanford University, 13 Apr. 2020, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/imaginative-resistance/.Walton, Kendall L., and Michael Tanner. “Morals in Fiction and Fictional Morality.”Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Supplementary Volumes, vol. 68, [Aristotelian Society,Wiley], 1994, pp. 27–66, http://www.jstor.org/stable/4107022.

Imaginative Resistance, Power, and Propaganda

Langford, Jason

Jason Langford  10 March 2022 Whalen Symposium Presentation Abstract  Does a childlike mindset need to be abandoned as we age? How can children’s literature teach adults to engage in radical world-shaping and resistance? In his book Worldlessness After Heidegger: Phenomenology, Psychoanalysis, Deconstruction, Roland Végsó argues that Hannah Ardent’s concept of natality is an example of worldlessness—since the ability for birth and childhood to resist totalitarian structures suggests the presence of a positive worldlessness. In this essay “Old Enough to Read Fairy Tales: Narnia and Worldlessness,” this framework is applied onto children’s literature to map out the borderlands between Narnia’s world and the worldlessness at the chronicle’s center. While much has been written of C.S. Lewis’s The Chronicles of Narnia on childhood, this essay is unique in exploring worldlessness as central to children’s literature. In exploring worldlessness, a concept defined not being in relation to any world, the essay also engages with Ursula K. Le Guin, Millicent Lenz, and Peter Hunt, particularly as they relate to the truth of fiction, and fantasy. The Chronicles of Narnia, however, is especially useful in examining the relationship between world-building and worldlessness since the novels rely on the protagonists’ arrivals and departures into various worlds. These characters affect the worlds they visit and are in turn affected by them. Through the characters and their actions, it is possible to identify how C.S. Lewis idealizes childhood as a positive worldlessness. These books stage the dangers of growing up and becoming too burdened by worldliness and adult concerns. By exploring the world-hopping that the characters perform, and its relation to worldlessness, this essay explores the idea that adults have much to learn from children.  As adults, it is possible to become increasingly wrapped up in concerns that seem vital, but truly are of little importance. In life, when one makes a friend, many want to know statistics, such as age, school, and occupation. However, it is more worthwhile to want to know more important things, such as a favorite book, television show, or how they speak when they’re excited. Too often, especially in academia, an ‘adultlike’ mindset is prized over a ‘childlike’ mindset. In this essay, the hypothesis is made that this does not work in our best interests. This in itself is a form of resistance, as it creates an idea that childhood need not be something one grows out of. Children, after all, experience the same world that adults do, yet they make something beautiful of it. Can adults not learn to do the same?   This essay was produced as a final project for Raul Palma’s Poetics class in the spring of 2021. This class had studied Worldlessness After Heidegger, and this essay ties these concepts to The Chronicles of Narnia. In this instance, as a final project, Végsó’s work was used as a way to explore worldlessness in The Chronicles of Narnia. In these findings, worldlessness need not be so destructive as it sounds. This idea can be connected to childhood and maturity. Childhood is a positive worldlessness, and one needs only think in this way to avoid the negative, worldly trap of socially acceptable adulthood.    Works Cited  Lewis, C.S. The Magician’s Nephew. HarperCollins Publishers, 1955. Lewis, C.S. The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe. HarperCollins Publishers, 1950. Lewis, C.S. The Horse and His Boy. HarperCollins Publishers, 1954. Lewis, C.S. Prince Caspian. HarperCollins Publishers, 1951.  Lewis, C.S. Voyage of the Dawn Treader. HarperCollins Publishers, 1952.  Lewis, C.S. The Silver Chair. HarperCollins Publishers, 1953.  Lewis, C.S. The Last Battle. HarperCollins Publishers, 1956.  Lewis, C.S. Of Other Worlds: Essays and Stories. Harcourt, 1967.  Végsó, Roland. Worldlessness After Heidegger. Edinburg University Press, 2020.  Hunt, Peter and Millicent Lenz. Alternative Worlds in Fantasy Fiction. Continuum, 2003.  K. Le Guin, Ursula. The Language of the Night. HarperCollins Publishers, 1989. Livingston, Paul M. Review of Logics of Worlds: Being and Event II by Alain Badiou. Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews, Oct. 2009.   

Old Enough to Read Fairy Tales: Narnia and Worldlessness

Davis, Zoe

 The electrical response of plants to disturbances Zoe Davis  Plants use electrical signals in response to environmental stimuli. Unlike animals that use neurons to proliferate signals throughout the body, plants use a continuous membrane system called the plasmalemma. Like animals, plants can produce action potentials (APs), but they transmit signals much slower. The electrical signaling system in plants also uses much of the same motor neuro chemistry found in animal systems, including neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine and the cellular motors actin and calmodulin. There are extreme cases of plants with more rapid APs, such as the Venus flytrap, that have trigger hairs that can send APs to specialized cells that start trap closure. Even though the field of plant electrophysiology has gained a lot of research attention in the last decade, there are still many unknowns. Thus, the goal of this project is to characterize the electrical responses of philodendron plants to changes in their environment. My research question is: how does the magnitude of electrical responses vary to touch, herbivory, fire, light, and watering after severe drought? I hypothesize that touch will have little to no response when the experimenter is grounded; that herbivory, fire, rapid changes in light and watering after severe drought will cause large electrical responses. To test these hypotheses, I placed plants into a grounded faraday cage that electrically shields them from outside electrical disturbances. A silver chloride wire sensor was attached to slightly abraded leaves using surgical tape and EEG electrical conductivity paste ensured a good electrical connection. Electrical responses were measured in real-time using an AD Instruments voltage amplifier interfaced to a computer. Data capture and analysis were done using Lab Chart 7 and Excel. Preliminary data show that touch response resulted in small and sometimes undetectable electrical responses when the experimenter was grounded. However, large and detectable signals were detected when the experimenter was not grounded. I also found that plants respond electrically to watering after experiencing severe drought. Data collection is ongoing for mock herbivory, cold, fire, and light and I will report on these results at the symposium.    

The Electrical Response of Plants to Disturbances

Elster, Brady

Modeling the Early Stages of Planet FormationBrady T. ElsterDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Ithaca College, Ithaca, New York 14850(Dated: March 11, 2022)I. ABSTRACTOne of the biggest questions in astronomy is how planets formed around the first stars at the beginning of ouruniverse. Matter in the early universe was metal-poor, it had lower abundance of elements heavier than helium,making it far different from the environment we see today. Stellar dust is composed of the heavy elements carbonand silicon, and is important in planet formation because dust absorbs large amounts of energy radiated from thestar. We currently know that gravity causes large amounts of gas and dust to collapse, creating a sphere of spinningmaterial, and in turn, collapses into a star with a flattened disk around it. With gravity’s influence, a snowball effectoccurs, causing high density areas in the disk to form small massive objects which are planets in their earliest form.This process takes millions of years so planet formation in the early universe is long-since finished. This necessitatesobservation in environments which mimic the conditions of the early universe. We present spectral observationsof 14 intermediate-mass stars (those with masses 2 – 10 times the sun) that have protoplanetary disks. The starsare located in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), a nearby galaxy that has reduced abundances of heavy elementsrelative to our Milky Way galaxy. The chemical environment in the SMC is similar to that in the early universe.Without the presence of these heavy elements, the planet formation process could have looked very different fromwhat we currently see in the present. One important characteristic of the transition from star formation to planetformation lies in how fast the star is absorbing material at the inner regions of its circumstellar disk. This is called theaccretion rate. High accretion rates indicate that the star is in the very earliest stages of the planet formation process.Lower accretion rates indicate that the star is later in the planet formation process. Measuring accretion rates instar-disk systems requires high-resolution (high detail) spectral observations. These require a very large telescopesince the stars are located so far away in the SMC. These observations are complicated by the fact that the spectralfeatures are in the infrared so an infrared-optimized instrument is needed. Our spectra are in visible light and wererecorded from a relatively small telescope so our data do not show the features needed to determine accretion ratesdirectly. Alternative methods aim to find measurements in stellar light spectra that could serve as proxies for accretionthrough some relationship. A promising approach is the measurement of the Balmer discontinuity. This is a spectralfeature that shows a large increase in flux at the wavelength where hydrogen gets completely ionized. We presentmeasurements of this discontinuity and use established luminosities of similar intermediate-mass stars to measure theaccretion rate of 14 candidate star-disk systems in the SMC. Using previously determined correlations between theluminosity of an infrared emission feature, Br γ, with both accretion rate and Balmer discontinuity, we estimated theaccretion rates of our star-disk systems solely from our observed Balmer discontinuities. We show that the relationshipbetween the luminosity of Br γ and the stellar accretion rate for metal-poor intermediate-mass stars are well-correlatedfor discontinuity measurements. Using discontinuity measurements, we have determined accretion rates that cover awide breadth of values, indicating that our stars are in many different stages in the planet formation process. Thisestablishes our star-disk systems as a good sample for studying planet formation in low-metallicity environments.

Modeling the Early Stages of Planet Formation

Leach, Emily

Title: Creation of Soft Core-Shell Colloidal Particles Emily Leach Faculty Sponsor: Jerome Fung Colloids are a type of mixture of small solid particles in a solvent. They are useful as model atoms for studying phenomena like the glass transition since the colloids are large enough, compared to real atoms, to be seen under a microscope. In previous research, both hard sphere and soft sphere particles have been created. Hard sphere particles are useful because their interactions are easy to model since they have no interpenetration. However, soft sphere particles are more important because, despite the increased difficulty in modeling their interactions due to interpenetration, the soft shell particles act more similar to real atoms.  The particles being studied in my research are different from previous colloid particles because they are thermally responsive. This means that they change size based on the temperature of the mixture, which indicates the volume fraction changes and consequently that their phase behavior can be controlled to make them solid, liquid, or glass. Since particles with these properties are not commercially available, I have focused on the creation of these particles in the lab.  The particles were created in two parts, the hard core first and then the soft shell surrounding it. Both components were grown through a radical polymerization reaction and then placed in dialysis for a week to remove impurities. The cores were also synthesized with a fluorescent dye, Nile Red, so they could be seen under a fluorescent microscope. After the completed reaction the particles were analyzed using dynamic light scattering (DLS) to find that the particles were stably monodispersed. The size of the particles and the temperature dependence of the size was also found using DLS. In the future, the interaction potential of the particles will be found using optical tweezers and the rheology of the particles will also be measured. 

Creation of Soft Core-Shell Colloidal Particles

Horwedel, Quincy

Quincy HorwedelWhalen AbstractThis paper analyzes Rudolf Carnap’s criticism of the Special CompositionQuestion – primarily considering whether or not the question is even worth asking. TheSpecial Composition Question asks under what circumstances do two objects composesome further, composite object. But this question has numerous issues, making it anunanswerable question. Carnap posits that the primary issue with the question is that itis not in agreement with the linguistic framework that is universally used tocommunicate. So, Carnap proposes a new version of the question in an effort to solvelinguistic issues with the SCQ. This new SCQ asks if the linguistic framework that iswidely adopted is the framework that should be adopted. While Carnap’s new SCQsolves the linguistic issues, it falls short of solving the other issues with the SCQ thatprevent it from having a true answer. Carnap states that, because no linguisticframework can be reasonably better than any other, the new SCQ is just asunanswerable as the first. Thus, Carnap’s SCQ is as trivial of a question as the firstSCQ. Carnap’s SCQ fails in two major ways. One is that his new question fails toaddress the spirit of the original: what is the nature of reality? While Carnap’s questionis, semantically, better, it does not manage to get to the core of why the question isnecessary in the first place. The second failing is one that this new question shares withthe original: these questions do not to address that neither will allow for insight to begained into the nature of objects.

The Issues With The Special Composition Question

Lust, Alexander

Holguin, Santiago

Alex Lust and Santiago Holguin  The impact of three reduced exertion exercise prescriptions on VO2max and physical self-efficacy Abstract: Purpose: Metcalfe et al. (2016) showed that three 20-second intervals at 5% body mass (BM), separated by 200 sec active rest, completed three times a week on a cycle ergometer, improved cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) by 12%. Such intervals are labeled reduced exertion high-intensity interval training (REHIT), as the exercise prescription contains less work and is at a lower intensity than traditional exercise programming. We seek to extend this work by examining the impact of two lighter load REHIT protocols on CRF in college-aged students (21.3 ± 0.5 years, 77.2 ± 10.6 kg). Methods: 18 subjects were assigned to one of three groups based on match pairing for CFR: 20-second sprints at 5% BM; 15-second sprints at 5% BM; and 20-second sprints at 4% BM; subjects completed two sprints per workout, separated by 160 seconds of active recovery, three times a week for four weeks. CRF and physical self-efficacy (PSE) were measured before and after training.  PSE included sub measures for perceived physical ability (PPA), and physical self-presentation confidence (PSPC). Data Analysis: Two tailed paired samples and independent t-tests will be used to compare within group and between group data, respectively.  Alpha will be set at 0.5. Results: TBA Conclusion: TBA  

Ithaca College

Not a member yet

The Benefits of Aquatic Therapy in Conjunction with Land-Based Physical Therapy for Rehabilitation after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Case Series

Perceptions of Telehealth in Outpatient Orthopedic Physical Therapy: Contrasting Experienced Clinicians and Student Clinicians

Imaginative Resistance, Power, and Propaganda

Old Enough to Read Fairy Tales: Narnia and Worldlessness

The Electrical Response of Plants to Disturbances

Modeling the Early Stages of Planet Formation

Creation of Soft Core-Shell Colloidal Particles

The Issues With The Special Composition Question

The Impact Of Three Reduced Exertion Exercise Prescriptions On VO2max And Physical Self-efficacy

Anxiety Fest: Combating Live Event Concerns in a World of Covid

12,938

16,767