Effect of carbon black on improving thermal stability, flame retardancy and electrical conductivity of polypropylene/carbon fiber composites

In this work, carbon black (CB) was introduced into polypropylene/carbon fiber (PP/CF) composite to fabricate multifunctional composites with the improved thermal stability, flame retardancy and electrical conductivity. The morphology investigation showed that one-dimensional CF and zero-dimensional were well dispersed in the PP matrix, and the multistage structure was formed in PP matrix. Compared to pristine PP, the maximum weight loss temperature under air atmosphere was enhanced by 79 degrees C. The peak value of the heat release rate measured by a cone calorimeter was significantly reduced by 70%, and the total heat release decreased from 198 to 166 MJ/m(2). The dramatically enhanced flame retardancy of PP composites was attributed to the formation of a strong three-dimensional (3D) network structure in PP matrix where one-dimensional CF acted as bridges connecting individual zero-dimensional CB, and the accelerated oxidation crosslinking reaction of PP radicals by CB and CF. Furthermore, the electrical conductivity of PP composites was significantly enhanced to 7.8 S/m due to the formation of 3D conductive pathways from CB and CF within the matrix. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

In-situ electrochemical route to aerogel electrode materials of graphene and hexagonal CeO2

We reported a one-step in-situ electrochemical route to synthesize 3D aerogel electrode materials including graphene and hexagonal CeO2 composites. The graphene/CeO2 aerogel can be formed via freeze-drying graphene/CeO2 colloidal solution that was obtained by electrochemical exfoliation of graphite anode and in-situ deposition of CeO2 nanoparticles on graphene sheets in mixing electrolyte of (NH4)(2)SO4/Ce(NO3)(3) and (NH4)(2)SO4/(NH4)(2)Ce(NO3)(6). The as-obtained CeO2 nanoparticles were closely contacted with graphene, which can enhance the synergistic effect between graphene and CeO2. It is interesting that the as-obtained CeO2 products possessed hexagonal crystal structure that was rarely reported. The Faradaic reactivity of the graphene/CeO2 composites as supercapacitor was enhanced with the increase of the concentration of Ce salts in initial electrolyte. The introduction of CeO2 to graphene electrode can lead to the presence of additional pseudocapacitance besides the electric double-layer capacitance. This simple one-step in-situ electrochemical route can be extended to synthesize various graphene/metal oxide aerogel electrode materials for electric energy storage. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

环保增塑剂己二酸二乙二醇单丁醚酯在聚氯乙烯中的应用

将己二酸二乙二醇单丁醚酯(DGBEA)用于与聚氯乙烯(PVC)的共混增塑,通过拉伸、动态力学及熔体指数等测试手段考察共混体系的静力学性能、动态力学性能、流变学性能以及加工性能。结果表明,DGBEA的加入使PVC/DGBEA共混体系的拉伸强度降低,断裂伸长率升高,表现出典型的橡胶态塑料的性质;共混体系的玻璃化转变温度也大幅降低,使材料具有良好的耐寒性;熔融指数大幅升高,表明材料的加工性能也得到提

高分子物理与化学国家重点实验室

高分子物理与化学国家重点实验室定位于高分子科学的基础研究和高分子材料的高技术研究,是我国高分子物理与化学研究领域的优秀代表,已成为我国高分子科学与高分子材料的科技创新基地和高水平人才的培养基地

高取代度阳离子高直链淀粉的制备及絮凝性能

以高直链玉米淀粉为原料,NaOH为催化剂,2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵(ETA)为阳离子醚化剂,成功的制备了高取代度阳离子高直链淀粉。分别研究了反应溶剂、反应温度和时间、醚化剂用量、催化剂浓度等因素对产物取代度的影响。实验结果表明,当n(NaOH)/n(ETA)/n(脱水葡萄糖单元AGU)=0.30,反应溶剂为二氧六环和水(V/V=1∶1),n(ETA)/n(AGU)=2,反应温度为60℃,反应时间7h时,制备的阳离子淀粉取代度(DS)可达到1.27。采用FTIR、1 H-NMR和SEM表征了高取代度阳离子高直链淀粉的结构。絮凝实验表明,阳离子高直链淀粉可以作为一种良好的新型絮凝材料

以低浓度异甘草素为基质的MALDI-TOF MS用于小分子的检测研究

以低浓度异甘草素(ISL,0.05 mmol/L)为基质,采用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)对精氨酸、甘露醇和苏氨酸-亮氨酸二肽等小分子物质进行分析检测。实验结果表明,以低浓度异甘草素作为MALDI-TOF MS分析小分子物质的有机基质,所获得的斑点均匀性和重复性、耐盐能力、分辨率等均显著优于常用基质2,5-二羟基苯甲酸(DHB)、2,4,6-三羟基苯乙酮(THAP)。本实验可为有机基质在小分子分析中的应用开辟新的窗口

五氧化二钒空心球制备及其作为镁二次电池正极材料

利用碳球作为模板,通过与异丙醇氧钒的溶剂热反应制备了五氧化二钒（V2O5）空心球。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）等技术手段对V2O5空心球进行了表征。实验结果表明,V2O5空心球的直径约为1.5μm,壁厚约100 nm。将V2O5空心球作为镁二次电池的正极,在0.2 C充放电条件下,材料的首次放电比容量达140 m A·h/g,经20次循环后容量为110 m A·h/g

LaPbMnSbO6化合物的结构精修和磁性表征

采用半化学两步法合成了双钙钛矿氧化物LaPbMnSbO6,研究了其晶体结构和磁学性质。通过对XRD谱图进行Rietveld结构精修可以得到,该化合物为单斜晶系的P21/n(No.14)空间群,B位Mn O6和Sb O6八面体为岩盐有序结构。由于A位Pb2+离子的存在而产生二级Jahn-Teller效应,使得B位八面体内部晶格畸变具有各向异性。磁性测试表明该样品呈典型的反铁磁有序特征,反铁磁转变温度TN=9 K

一种在线生化需氧量检测方法及装置

本发明提供了一种在线生化需氧量的检测方法及装置。本发明采用氧电极检测待测水样的初始氧含量和经过微生物膜耗氧后的氧含量,得到的初始氧含量和耗氧后的氧含量差值,根据该差值和既定的标准曲线,得到待测水样的生化需氧量。本发明提供的方法检测过程简单,且最大程度简化了流路结构设计,降低了生化需氧量检测设备的制造及使用成本。而且,本发明提供的方法无需再提供空白溶液,简化了检测流程,还避免了磷酸盐缓冲溶液可能带来的环境污染问题,本发明提供的检测方零排放、零污染,具有重要的环保价值

一种有机染料、其制备方法与其应用

本发明提供一种具有式(Ⅰ)或式(Ⅱ)结构的有机染料,其中三键苯并噻二唑三键苯甲酸作为电子受体,三苯胺或三苯胺-苝酰亚胺作为电子给体,该有机染料具有较宽的光谱响应范围和较高的摩尔吸收系数,同时具有良好的光、热及化学稳定性；因此,由此类染料制备的染料敏化太阳电池具有较高的短路光电流密度,其功能转化效率可以达到11％