Energetyka Rozproszona

Electricity is an important item in the operating costs of every company. Therefore, its economical consumption and the possibilities of its own generation give the opportunity to reduce costs and gain a better market position. Distributed generation allows not only to reduce costs, but also to reduce transmission losses and increase reliability. Energy generation is of particular importance in the case of municipal enterprises, where their costs translate directly into the rates of fees borne by residents. Usually, this type of enterprises have natural conditions, such as a place for the development of renewable energy sources. Renewable energy sources are not only a fashion, but also a significant impact on reducing emissions and pollutants emitted into the atmosphere. Saving electricity fees is not only its generation, but also the use of intelligent solutions in the field of optimization of control of the operation of the main electricity consumers. The use of smart solutions is becoming more and more common, and the costs incurred for implementation are recouped in the short term. Such solutions also allow you to reduce the costs associated with service and ensure the safety of technological processes. The article presents activities in the field of energy generation and saving on the example of the Krakow Water PLC.Energia elektryczna stanowi ważną pozycję w kosztach działalności każdego przedsiębiorstwa. Dlatego jej oszczędne zużycie oraz możliwość generacji dają szansę na znalezienie oszczędności i uzyskanie lepszej pozycji rynkowej. Generacja rozproszona pozwala nie tylko na ograniczenie kosztów, ale również zmniejszenie strat na przesyle oraz zwiększenie niezawodności. Wytwarzanie energii nabiera szczególnego znaczenia w przypadku przedsiębiorstw komunalnych, których koszty funkcjonowania przekładają się bezpośrednio na stawki opłat ponoszonych przez mieszkańców. Zwykle tego typu przedsiębiorstwa posiadają naturalne uwarunkowania, jak np. miejsce pod zabudowę odnawialnych źródeł energii. Rozwój OZE to nie tylko moda, ale przede wszystkim działanie w celu ograniczenia emisji i redukcji zanieczyszczeń emitowanych do atmosfery. Oszczędność opłat za energię elektryczną można uzyskać przez jej wytwarzanie, ale także dzięki zastosowaniu inteligentnych rozwiązań w zakresie optymalizacji sterowania pracą głównych odbiorników energii elektrycznej. Wykorzystanie inteligentnych narzędzi staje się coraz bardziej powszechnie, a koszty poniesione na wdrożenie zwracają się w krótkim okresie. Tego typu środki pozwalają również na ograniczenie kosztów związanych z obsługą oraz na zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa prowadzonych procesów technologicznych. W artykule przedstawiono działania w zakresie wytwarzania i oszczędzania energii na przykładzie Wodociągów Miasta Krakowa SA.Krakówwersja wydawnicz

Geology, Geophysics & Environment

Microseismic monitoring is an important technique that can be used to identify fractures in rock mass. The aim of this article is to identify, on the basis of the location of microseismic events, structures formed by hydraulic fracturing in the Wysin-2H/2Hbis horizontal well from the Baltic Basin in northern Poland, and to compare the patterns of these structures with the direction of regional stresses. The authors proposed a novel multi-step workflow for finding these structures. To be able to delineate the structures from microseismic events with greater accuracy, a collapsing algorithm was used. Then, based on the Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (HDBSCAN) clustering algorithm and the elongation coefficient of each cluster, probable fissures were identified and compared against the maximum horizontal stress direction. In addition, based on the 3D seismic data from the Wysin and the calculated geomechanical parameters in the monitoring well, the probability classes of brittleness indices in the LMR (??-??) parameter domain were determined. A comparative analysis was performed between the two variants of microseismic event location (before and after the collapsing procedure) and the estimated probability of a given class of brittleness index. The comparison of the event location with the 3D seismic data was used to validate the results before and after collapsing due to the high resolution of the seismic method. It is shown that the collapsed events appeared in more rigid regions, where more energy release is expected.Krakówwersja wydawnicz

Opuscula Mathematica

We deduce isoperimetric estimates for solutions of linear stationary and evolution problems. Our main result establishes the comparison in norm between the solution of a problem and its symmetric version when nonlocal diffusion defined through integrable kernels is replacing the usual local diffusion defined by a second order differential operator. Since an appropriate kernel rescaling allows to define a sequence of solutions of the nonlocal diffusion problems converging to their local diffusion counterparts, we also find the corresponding isoperimetric inequalities for the latter, i.e. we prove the classical Talenti's theorem. The novelty of our approach is that we replace the measure geometric tools employed in Talenti's proof, such as the geometric isoperimetric inequality or the coarea formula, by the Riesz's rearrangement inequality. Thus, in addition to providing a proof for the nonlocal diffusion case, our technique also introduces an alternative proof to Talenti's theoremKrakówwersja wydawnicz

Geology, Geophysics & Environment

We present an experimental study that explores the feasibility of using the ash from biogenic deposits for laser textural analysis. The results have demonstrated that conducting ash textural analysis without prior chemical treatment can lead to unreliable results. Among other things, this is due to the “contamination” of the ash with aggregates formed by metal oxides and carbonates during ignition ($LOI_{550}$ procedure) in a muffle furnace. Metal oxides and carbonates can create aggregates with silt and clay grains. As a result, the material coarsens, mainly to very coarse and coarse silt fractions. It is illustrated that the ash after $LOI_{550}$ has been contaminated with oxides and carbonates of iron (Fe), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), sodium (Na), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) and copper (Cu). Thus, we suggest a method of using 10% HCl to purify the ash from metal oxides and carbonates (so-called ash purification procedure or APP). The analysis in this paper focuses on the grain size composition of ash, both untreated and HCl-treated. The obtained results have been compared and discussed in detail.Krakówwersja wydawnicz

Geology, Geophysics & Environment

Abstract: To estimate catchment-scale hydrogeological parameters such as hydraulic conductivity (k) and specific yield (Sy), the streamflow recession analysis method proposed by Brutsaert and Nieber (1977) was used. The analysis employed the technique of fitting a theoretical recession curve to the observed data in which three points of transition between the short- and long-term flow regimes were determined. This method is a simple, fast, and cheap alternative to standard point-based hydrogeological methods using investigations carried out in hydrogeological boreholes. The study area covered the mountainous catchment of the Biała Lądecka River, located in south-western Poland and composed of metamorphic rocks. The hydrogeological environments drained by the Biała Lądecka are two zones, i.e. the zone of weathered covers and rock debris and the zone of fractured rock mass. The k values determined based on the recession analysis were in the boundary zone of the range from $10^{-4}$ to $10^{-5}$ m/s and they represented the upper range of the values reported in the literature (from $10^{-4}$ to $10^{-7}$ m/s). The Sy values at a level of 0.38–1.02%, in turn, entirely fitted the literature data. The results confirm the thesis that the recession method, despite certain limitations in terms of its applicability, can be well adapted to the conditions of a mountainous catchment composed of crystalline rocks where a cool temperate climate prevails.Krakówwersja wydawnicz

Opuscula Mathematica

The Tree Packing Conjecture (TPC) by Gyárfás states that any set of trees $T_2,\dots,T_{n-1}, T_n$ such that $T_i$ has $i$ vertices pack into $K_n$. The conjecture is true for bounded degree trees, but in general, it is widely open. Bollobás proposed a weakening of TPC which states that $k$ largest trees pack. The latter is true if none tree is a star, but in general, it is known only for $k=5$. In this paper we prove, among other results, that seven largest trees packThe Tree Packing Conjecture (TPC) by Gyárfás states that any set of trees $T_2,\dots,T_{n-1}, T_n$ such that $T_i$ has $i$ vertices pack into $K_n$. The conjecture is true for bounded degree trees, but in general, it is widely open. Bollobás proposed a weakening of TPC which states that $k$ largest trees pack. The latter is true if none tree is a star, but in general, it is known only for $k=5$. In this paper we prove, among other results, that seven largest trees packKrakówwersja wydawnicz

Świat od nowa. Tom 2: Duchowość w sztuce Śląska Cieszyńskiego w XX wieku

368 str.Krakówmonografiawersja wydawnicz

Nauka – Technika – Technologia : seria wydawnicza AGH. Tom 10

Oil-based drilling fluids are primarily used in challenging geological and reservoir conditions, such as high temperatures, high pressures, reactive rock formations, or the influx of mineralized formation water. This publication presents the results of laboratory tests on the rheological properties and stability of oil-based drilling fluid, with micronized barite as the weightening material. To enhance the stability of these drilling fluids, an organophilic nanomaterial – amino-attapulgite, was used. The research demonstrated that the combination of micronized barite and amino-attapulgite in oil-based fluids allows for the modification of their properties across a wide range of densities and low rheological values. The results showed that incorporating organophilic attapulgite and using micronized barite as the weightening agent reduces sedimentation conditions and improving stability drilling fluids.Płuczki na bazie olejowej stosowane są głównie podczas wiercenia otworów w trudnych warunkach geologiczno-złożowych, takich jak np.: wysoka temperatura, wysokie ciśnienia złożowe, występowanie reaktywnych formacji skalnych czy też dopływ zmineralizowanych wód złożowych. W publikacji przedstawiono wyniki laboratoryjnych badań parametrów reologicznych oraz stabilności płuczki wiertniczej na bazie olejowej, gdzie jako materiał obciążający zastosowano mikronizowany baryt. W celu poprawy stabilności tych płuczek stosowano organofilny nanomateriał, jakim był amino-atapulgit. W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań wykazano, że zastosowanie mikronizowanego barytu w połączeniu z amino-atapulgitem w płuczkach na bazie olejowej pozwala na modyfikację ich właściwości technologicznych w szerokich zakresach ciężaru właściwego i niskich wartościach właściwości reologicznych. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników badań stwierdzono, że włączenie organofilnych atapulgitów do płuczek wiertniczych na bazie olejowej oraz zastosowanie mikronizowanego barytu jako materiału obciążającego ogranicza sedymentację barytu, a także poprawia stabilność takich płuczek.Krakówrozdziałwersja wydawnicz

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing

The growing demand for lightweight and robust materials drives the development of polymer-based and fiber-reinforced composites. Here, using short fibers offers several advantages; however, currently employed methods for producing short fibers, such as homogenization, result in a wide dispersion of dimensions in the produced fibers, which is an undesirable effect in composite materials. In this study, electrospinning is used to produce polymer short fibers directly. This research highlights, for the first time, the differences in the electrospinning process dynamics between short and continuous fibers. By adjusting parameters: voltage and distance, we control dimensions of short fibers below 1 µm in diameter and around 4 µm in length to a few microns in diameter and approximately 14 µm in length. Direct electrospinning of short fibers offers significant advantages, including a narrow size distribution and reproducibility compared to chopped continuous fibers with homogenization.postprin

Opuscula Mathematica

In this paper, we investigate a free boundary problem relevant in several applications, such as tumor growth models. Our problem is expressed as an elliptic equation involving discontinuous nonlinearities in a specified domain with a moving boundary. We establish the existence and uniqueness of solutions and provide a qualitative analysis of the free boundaries generated by the nonlinear term (inner boundaries). Furthermore, we analyze the dynamics of the outer region boundary. The final result demonstrates that under certain conditions, our problem is solvable in the neighborhood of a radial solution.Krakówwersja wydawnicz