Clinical profile and parameters of patients monoinfected with HBV and infected with HDV in Western Amazon

Produção científica do Laboratório de Hepatites Virais.This study was financed by the Foundation Oswaldo Cruz of Rondônia - FIOCRUZ/RO, Fundação Rondônia de Amparo ao Desenvolvimento das Ações Científicas e Tecnológicas and Pesquisa do Estado de Rondônia - FAPERO (Chamada 001/2020 Programa Pesquisa para o SUS Processo nº 0012.259726/1020-70; Process: VPPIS-003-FIO-20-2-75 - INOVAÇÃO NA AMAZONIA).Background: Hepatitis Delta represents a greater risk in the progression of advanced liver disease and HCC compared with HBV. The exact mechanism that determines the spontaneous clearance of delta virus or its progression to cirrhosis remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the clinical profile of HBV and HBV/HDV individuals in the Western Amazon. Methods: The study was carried out at the Specialized Outpatient Clinic for Viral Hepatitis belonging to the Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical de Rondônia/CEPEM. 100 individuals were included, stratified into two groups: 50 with hepatitis B virus and 50 with hepatitis Delta virus. Results: The overall mean age was 48 years. For the HBV and HDV groups, 66 % (33/50) and 54 % (27/50) were men and 56 % (28/50) and 58 % (29/50) were on antiviral treatment, respectively. Patients with detectable HDV-RNA demonstrated high levels of ALT and AST compared to individuals with undetectable HDV-RNA. Comparative analysis between HBV carriers and infected with HDV shows significant differences in terms of age, HBV-DNA levels, albumin, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. Conclusion: Several markers were important for differentiating HBV and HDV infections. HDVRNA detectable showed significant changes in biomarkers compared to undetectable patients, suggesting a possible worse prognostic effect in this group

Helminth community of Nectomys squamipes naturally infected by Schistosoma mansoni in an endemic area in Brazil: a comparison of 22 years apart

Produção científica do Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios.This project was financially supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brazil [315844/2023-0], Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC, FIOCRUZ), the Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil [E− 26/010.001597/2019 and E− 26/210.194/2019], and the Postgraduate Program on Parasite Biology (IOC-FIOCRUZ).Karina Varella Arpon received grants from the Coordination Office for Improvement of Higher-Education Personnel (CAPES), Brazil, under finance code 001.Rosana Gentile received a researcher fellowship from CNPq [303643/2022-6].Arnaldo Maldonado Júnior received a researcher fellowship from CNPq [315844/2023-0].The municipality of Sumidouro in the state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil, is considered an area with low endemicity of Schistosoma mansoni. In this municipality, the wild water rat Nectomys squamipes is a wild reservoir of S. mansoni. A helminth community survey was carried out on N. squamipes populations in Sumidouro from 1997 to 1999. In the present study, we compared the helminth fauna and the helminth community structure of N. squamipes with a recent survey after a 22-year time interval, considering that the prevalence of S. mansoni infection in humans remained stable and that the area showed the same environmental characteristics. Seventythree host specimens of N. squamipes collected between 1997 and 1999 and 21 specimens collected in 2021 were analyzed in this study. Seven helminth species were found in each collection period. The nematode Syphacia evaginata was recorded for the first time in N. squamipes in 2021. Syphacia venteli was the most abundant species in both periods and the most prevalent in 2021. During the period from 1997 to 1999, the most prevalent species was Hassalstrongylus epsilon. Significant differences in prevalence and abundance in relation to host sex were observed only for S. mansoni in 1997–1999. Significant differences in the abundance of the helminth species over time were observed only in Physaloptera bispiculata. Hassalstrongylus epsilon, S. venteli and S. mansoni were the dominant species in both periods. Litomosoides chagasfilhoi, Echinostoma paraensei paraensei and P. bispiculata became dominant, codominant and subordinate, respectively, over time. In conclusion, the helminth community of N. squamipes remained stable, with similar species richness, prevalence and abundance values and low betadiversity over time. The occurrence of S. mansoni in the water rat has remained stable for decades, highlighting its importance for schistosomiasis control

Avaliação de polimorfismos de único nucleotídeo e expressão do gene SOCS5 em pacientes com Carcinoma Hepatocelular (CHC)

O Carcinoma Hepatocelular (CHC) é a forma mais comum de câncer primário do fígado, caracterizado por um diagnóstico geralmente tardio. Assim, estudos que identifiquem biomarcadores que auxiliem no diagnóstico precoce de tumores são necessários, como os que destacam a relação do gene SOCS5 na tumorigênese do CHC. Desse modo, o objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os polimorfismos de único nucleotídeo e expressão gênica do gene SOCS5 em pacientes com Carcinoma Hepatocelular (CHC). Este estudo transversal foi realizado com a comparação dos grupos CHC e cirrótico, ambos com diagnóstico confirmado. O DNA analisado foi extraído de amostras de sangue periférico, já o RNA total foi extraído a partir de células mononucleares do sangue periférico (PBMC), sendo o material genético submetido às metodologias de RT-PCR, sequenciamento de Sanger e qPCR para análise de polimorfismos presentes no gene e diferenças da expressão gênica relativa, respectivamente. Para as análises do sequenciamento foram utilizadas as ferramentas BioEdit e Geneious, foram executados ensaios de genotipagem e expressão gênica, sendo realizadas análises de correlação, sobrevida e regressão logística, admitindo para todas análises o nível de significância fixado em p≤ 0,05. Foram encontrados quatro polimorfismos na região gênica do SOCS5, com destaque para o rs6738426, que se apresentou de forma semelhantes entre os grupos analisados. Em relação à expressão do gene, foi observado que pacientes cirróticos com classificação Child-Pugh A apresentaram maiores níveis de SOCS5, indicando que, possivelmente nesse grupo, o gene apresenta um papel supressor de tumor, provavelmente por meio do feedback negativo das vias JAK/STAT. Já nos pacientes com CHC, foi verificada uma menor sobrevida naqueles com níveis elevados de expressão de SOCS5, indicando um papel tumorigênico, provavelmente devido ao feedback positivo da via PI3K/Akt/mTOR. Na análise multivariada, a susceptibilidade ao CHC foi associada à idade [p= 0,003 OR 0,924 IC (0,877-0,9740)] e aos níveis de HDL [(p= 0,043 OR 1,032 IC (1,001 – 1,065)], sendo o aumento da idade e a diminuição do HDL considerados fatores de risco. Deste modo, propõe-se que o gene SOCS5 pode desempenhar um importante papel no processo tumorigênico, podendo atuar de forma oncogênica ou antitumorigênica. No entanto, estudos com coorte maior de amostras são indicados para validar os resultados aqui encontrados, assim como a análise do impacto do SOCS5 dentro das vias JAK/STAT e PI3K/Akt/ mTOR, por meio de ensaios de silenciamento e superexpressão do gene.Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer, characterized by a typically late diagnosis. Therefore, studies identifying biomarkers that may help in early diagnosis of tumors are necessary, such as those highlighting the relationship of the SOCS5 gene in HCC tumorigenesis. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate single nucleotide polymorphisms and gene expression of the SOCS5 gene in patients with HCC. This cross-sectional study was conducted by comparing HCC and cirrhotic groups, both with confirmed diagnoses. The analyzed DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples, while total RNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and the genetic material was subjected to RT-PCR, Sanger sequencing, and qPCR methodologies for the analysis of gene polymorphisms and relative gene expression differences, respectively. For sequencing analyses, the BioEdit and Geneious tools were used, genotyping and gene expression assays were performed, and correlation, survival and logistic regression analyzes were carried out, allowing for all analyzes the level of significance set at p≤ 0.05. Four polymorphisms were found in the SOCS5 gene region, with emphasis on rs6738426, which showed similar occurrences between the analyzed groups. Regarding gene expression, it was observed that cirrhotic patients with Child-Pugh A classification exhibited higher levels of SOCS5, indicating that in this group, the gene may play a tumor-suppressive role, possibly through negative feedback of the JAK/STAT pathways. In HCC patients, a lower survival rate was observed in those with elevated levels of SOCS5 expression, suggesting a tumorigenic role, likely due to positive feedback from the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. In multivariate analysis, susceptibility to HCC was associated with age [p= 0.003, OR 0.924, CI (0.877-0.9740)] and HDL levels [p= 0.043, OR 1.032, CI (1.001 – 1.065)], with increased age and decreased HDL considered risk factors. Thus, it is proposed that the SOCS5 gene may play a significant role in the tumorigenic process, potentially acting in an oncogenic or antitumorigenic manner. However, larger cohort studies are recommended to validate the results found here, as well as the analysis of the impact of SOCS5 within the JAK/STAT and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways through gene silencing and overexpression assays.2025-05-0

Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients admitted to hospital with and without respiratory symptoms

Fernando Augusto Bozza. Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Autor vinculado à Fiocruz, mas não consta à informação no documento.Collaborators: ISARIC Clinical Characterisation Group: S A Moharam 19, Sabriya Abdalasalam 19, Alaa Abdalfattah Abdalhadi 19, Naana Reyam Abdalla 19, Walaa Abdalla 19, Almthani Hamza Abdalrheem 19, Ashraf Abdalsalam 19, Saedah Abdeewi 19, Esraa Hassan Abdelgaum 19, Mohamed Abdelhalim 19, Mohammed Abdelkabir 19, Israa Abdelrahman 19, Sheryl Ann Abdukahil 19, Lamees Adil Abdulbaqi 19, Salaheddin Abdulhamid 19, Widyan Abdulhamid 19, Nurul Najmee Abdulkadir 19, Eman Abdulwahed 19, Rawad Abdunabi 19, Ryuzo Abe 19, Laurent Abel 19, Ahmed Mohammed Abodina 19, Amal Abrous 19, Lara Absil 19, Kamal Abu Jabal 19, Nashat Abu Salah 19, Abdurraouf Abusalama 19, Tareg Abdallah Abuzaid 19, Subhash Acharya 19, Andrew Acker 19, Elisabeth Adam 19, Safia Adem 19, Manuella Ademnou 19, Francisca Adewhajah 19, Diana Adrião 19, Anthony Afum-Adjei Awuah 19, Melvin Agbogbatey 19, Saleh Al Ageel 19, Aya Mustafa Ahmed 19, Musaab Mohammed Ahmed 19, Shakeel Ahmed 19, Zainab Ahmed Alaraji 19, Abdulrahman Ahmed Elhefnawy Enan 19, Reham Abdelhamid Ahmed Khalil 19, Ali Mostafa Ahmed Mohamed Abdelaziz 19, Kate Ainscough 19, Eka Airlangga 19, Tharwat Aisa 19, Ali Aisha 19, Bugila Aisha 19, Ali Ait Hssain 19, Younes Ait Tamlihat 19, Takako Akimoto 19, Ernita Akmal 19, Chika Akwani 19, Eman Al Qasim 19, Ahmed Alajeeli 19, Ahmed Alali 19, Razi Alalqam 19, Aliya Mohammed Alameen 19, Mohammed Al-Aquily 19, Zinah A Alaraji 19, Khalid Albakry 19, Safa Albatni 19, Angela Alberti 19, Osama Aldabbourosama 19, Tala Al-Dabbous 19, Amer Aldhalia 19, Abdulkarim Aldoukali 19, Senthilkumar Alegesan 19, Marta Alessi 19, Beatrice Alex 19, Kévin Alexandre 19, Abdulrahman Al-Fares 19, Asil Alflite 19, Huda Alfoudri 19, Qamrah Alhadad 19, Hoda Salem Alhaddad 19, Maali Khalid Mohamed Abdalla Alhasan 19, Ahmad Nabil Alhouri 19, Hasan Alhouri 19, Adam Ali 19, Imran Ali 19, Maha TagElser Mohammed Ali 19, Syed Ali Abbas 19, Yomna Ali Abdelghafar 19, Naseem Ali Sheikh 19, Kazali Enagnon Alidjnou 19, Mahmoud Aljadi 19, Sarah Aljamal 19, Mohammed Alkahlout 19, Akram Alkaseek 19, Qabas Alkhafajee 19, Clotilde Allavena 19, Nathalie Allou 19, Lana Almasri 19, Abdulrahman Almjersah 19, Raja Ahmed Alqandouz 19, Walaa Alrfaea 19, Moayad Alrifaee 19, Rawan Alsaadi 19, Yousef Al-Saba'a 19, Entisar Alshareea 19, Eslam Alshenawy 19, Aneela Altaf 19, João Melo Alves 19, João Alves 19, Rita Alves 19, Joana Alves Cabrita 19, Maria Amaral 19, Amro Essam Amer 19, Nur Amira 19, Amos Amoako Adusei 19, John Amuasi 19, Roberto Andini 19, Claire Andrejak 19, Andrea Angheben 19, François Angoulvant 19, Sophia Ankrah 19, Séverine Ansart 19, Sivanesen Anthonidass 19, Massimo Antonelli 19, Carlos Alexandre Antunes de Brito 19, Ardiyan Apriyana 19, Yaseen Arabi 19, Irene Aragao 19, Francisco Arancibia 19, Carolline Araujo 19, Antonio Arcadipane 19, Patrick Archambault 19, Lukas Arenz 19, Jean-Benoît Arlet 19, Christel Arnold-Day 19, Lovkesh Arora 19, Rakesh Arora 19, Elise Artaud-Macari 19, Diptesh Aryal 19, Angel Asensio 19, Elizabeth A Ashley 19, Muhammad Ashraf 19, Muhammad Sheharyar Ashraf 19, Abir Ben Ashur 19, Franklin Asiedu-Bekoe 19, Namra Asif 19, Mohammad Asim 19, Grace Assi 19, Jean Baptiste Assie 19, Amirul Asyraf 19, Fouda Atangana 19, Ahmed Atia 19, Minahel Atif 19, Asia Atif Abdelrhman Abdallahrs 19, Anika Atique 19, Moad Atlowly 19, A M Udara Lakshan Attanyake 19, Johann Auchabie 19, Hugues Aumaitre 19, Adrien Auvet 19, Abdelmalek Awad Ali Mohammed 19, Eyvind W Axelsen 19, Ared Ayad 19, Ahmed Ayman Hassan Helmi 19, Laurène Azemar 19, Mohammed Azizeldin 19, Cecile Azoulay 19, Hakeem Babatunde 19, Benjamin Bach 19, Delphine Bachelet 19, Claudine Badr 19, Roar Bævre-Jensen 19, Nadia Baig 19, John Kenneth Baillie 19, J Kevin Baird 19, Erica Bak 19, Agamemnon Bakakos 19, Nazreen Abu Bakar 19, Hibah Bileid Bakeer 19, Ashraf Bakri 19, Andriy Bal 19, Mohanaprasanth Balakrishnan 19, Irene Bandoh 19, Firouzé Bani-Sadr 19, Renata Barbalho 19, Nicholas Yuri Barbosa 19, Wendy S Barclay 19, Saef Umar Barnett 19, Michaela Barnikel 19, Helena Barrasa 19, Cleide Barrigoto 19, Marie Bartoli 19, Joaquín Baruch 19, Romain Basmaci 19, Muhammad Fadhli Hassin Basri 19, AbdAlkarim Batool 19, Denise Battaglini 19, Jules Bauer 19, Diego Fernando Bautista Rincon 19, Denisse Bazan Dow 19, Abigail Beane 19, Alexandra Bedossa 19, Ker Hong Bee 19, Husna Begum 19, Sylvie Behilill 19, Albertus Beishuizen 19, Aleksandr Beljantsev 19, David Bellemare 19, Anna Beltrame 19, Beatriz Amorim Beltrão 19, Marine Beluze 19, Nicolas Benech 19, Lionel Eric Benjiman 19, Suzanne Bennett 19, Luís Bento 19, Jan-Erik Berdal 19, Lamis Berdeweel 19, Delphine Bergeaud 19, Hazel Bergin 19, Giulia Bertoli 19, Lorenzo Bertolino 19, Simon Bessis 19, Sybille Bevilcaqua 19, Karine Bezulier 19, Amar Bhatt 19, Krishna Bhavsar 19, Isabella Bianchi 19, Claudia Bianco 19, Sandra Bichoka 19, Farah Nadiah Bidin 19, Felwa Bin Humaid 19, Mohd Nazlin Bin Kamarudin 19, Muhannud Binnawara 19, Zeno Bisoffi 19, Patrick Biston 19, Laurent Bitker 19, Mustapha Bittaye 19, Jonathan Bitton 19, Pablo Blanco-Schweizer 19, Catherine Blier 19, Frank Bloos 19, Mathieu Blot 19, Filomena Boccia 19, Laetitia Bodenes 19, Debby Bogaert 19, Anne-Hélène Boivin 19, Ariel Bolanga 19, Isabela Bolaños 19, Pierre-Adrien Bolze 19, François Bompart 19, Aurelius Bonifasius 19, Joe Bonney 19, Diogo Borges 19, Raphaël Borie 19, Hans Martin Bosse 19, Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers 19, Lila Bouadma 19, Olivier Bouchaud 19, Sabelline Bouchez 19, Damien Bouhour 19, Kévin Bouiller 19, Laurence Bouillet 19, Camile Bouisse 19, Latsaniphone Bountthasavong 19, Anne-Sophie Boureau 19, John Bourke 19, Maude Bouscambert 19, Aurore Bousquet 19, Marielle Boyer-Besseyre 19, Maria Boylan 19, Fernando Augusto Bozza 19, Axelle Braconnier 19, Cynthia Braga 19, Timo Brandenburger 19, Filipa Brás Monteiro 19, Luca Brazzi 19, Dorothy Breen 19, Patrick Breen 19, David Brewster 19, Kathy Brickell 19, Tessa Broadley 19, Helen Brotherton 19, Alex Browne 19, Nicolas Brozzi 19, Sonja Hjellegjerde Brunvoll 19, Marjolein Brusse-Keizer 19, Petra Bryda 19, Nina Buchtele 19, Polina Bugaeva 19, Marielle Buisson 19, Danilo Buonsenso 19, Erlina Burhan 19, Donald Buri 19, Aidan Burrell 19, Ingrid G Bustos 19, Denis Butnaru 19, André Cabie 19, Susana Cabral 19, Joana Cabrita 19, Eder Caceres 19, Cyril Cadoz 19, Rui Caetano Garcês 19, Kate Calligy 19, Jose Andres Calvache 19, João Camões 19, Valentine Campana 19, Paul Campbell 19, Josie Campisi 19, Cecilia Canepa 19, Mireia Cantero 19, Janice Caoili 19, Pauline Caraux-Paz 19, Sheila Cárcel 19, Filipa Cardoso 19, Filipe Cardoso 19, Nelson Cardoso 19, Sofia Cardoso 19, Simone Carelli 19, Nicolas Carlier 19, Thierry Carmoi 19, Gayle Carney 19, Inês Carqueja 19, Marie-Christine Carret 19, François Martin Carrier 19, Ida Carroll 19, Gail Carson 19, Maire-Laure Casanova 19, Mariana Cascão 19, Siobhan Casey 19, José Casimiro 19, Bailey Cassandra 19, Silvia Castañeda 19, Nidyanara Castanheira 19, Guylaine Castor-Alexandre 19, Ivo Castro 19, Ana Catarino 19, François-Xavier Catherine 19, Paolo Cattaneo 19, Roberta Cavalin 19, Giulio Giovanni Cavalli 19, Alexandros Cavayas 19, Adrian Ceccato 19, Masaneh Ceesay 19, Shelby Cerkovnik 19, Minerva Cervantes-Gonzalez 19, Muge Cevik 19, Anissa Chair 19, Catherine Chakveatze 19, Adrienne Chan 19, Meera Chand 19, Jean-Marc Chapplain 19, Charlotte Charpentier 19, Julie Chas 19, Muhammad Mobin Chaudry 19, Jonathan Samuel Chávez Iñiguez 19, Anjellica Chen 19, Yih-Sharng Chen 19, Léo Chenard 19, Matthew Pellan Cheng 19, Antoine Cheret 19, Thibault Chiarabini 19, Julian Chica 19, Suresh Kumar Chidambaram 19, Leong Chin Tho 19, Catherine Chirouze 19, Davide Chiumello 19, Sung-Min Cho 19, Bernard Cholley 19, Danoy Chommanam 19, Marie-Charlotte Chopin 19, Yock Ping Chow 19, Ting Soo Chow 19, Nathaniel Christy 19, Hiu Jian Chua 19, Jonathan Chua 19, Jose Pedro Cidade 19, José Miguel Cisneros Herreros 19, Barbara Wanjiru Citarella 19, Anna Ciullo 19, Jennifer Clarke 19, Rolando Claure-Del Granado 19, Sara Clohisey 19, Cassidy Codan 19, Caitriona Cody 19, Jennifer Coles 19, Megan Coles 19, Gwenhaël Colin 19, Michael Collins 19, Pamela Combs 19, Jennifer Connolly 19, Marie Connor 19, Anne Conrad 19, Elaine Conway 19, Graham S Cooke 19, Hugues Cordel 19, Amanda Corley 19, Sabine Cornelis 19, Alexander Daniel Cornet 19, Arianne Joy Corpuz 19, Andrea Cortegiani 19, Grégory Corvaisier 19, Camille Couffignal 19, Sandrine Couffin-Cadiergues 19, Roxane Courtois 19, Stéphanie Cousse 19, Juthaporn Cowan 19, Rachel Cregan 19, Gloria Crowl 19, Jonathan Crump 19, Claudina Cruz 19, Marc Csete 19, Ailbhe Cullen 19, Matthew Cummings 19, Gerard Curley 19, Elodie Curlier 19, Colleen Curran 19, Paula Custodio 19, Ana da Silva Filipe 19, Charlene Da Silveira 19, Al-Awwab Dabaliz 19, Andrew Dagens 19, John Arne Dahl 19, Darren Dahly 19, Umberto D'Alessandro 19, Peter Daley 19, Zaina Dalloul 19, Heidi Dalton 19, Jo Dalton 19, Seamus Daly 19, Juliana Damas 19, Joycelyn Dame 19, Cammandji Damien 19, Nick Daneman 19, Jorge Dantas 19, Frédérick D'Aragon 19, Gillian de Loughry 19, Diego de Mendoza 19, Etienne De Montmollin 19, Rafael Freitas de Oliveira França 19, Ana Isabel de Pinho Oliveira 19, Rosanna De Rosa 19, Cristina De Rose 19, Thushan de Silva 19, Peter de Vries 19, Jillian Deacon 19, David Dean 19, Alexa Debard 19, Bianca DeBenedictis 19, Marie-Pierre Debray 19, Nathalie DeCastro 19, William Dechert 19, Romain Decours 19, Eve Defous 19, Isabelle Delacroix 19, Alexandre Delamou 19, Eric Delaveuve 19, Karen Delavigne 19, Nathalie M Delfos 19, Ionna Deligiannis 19, Andrea Dell'Amore 19, Christelle Delmas 19, Pierre Delobel 19, Corine Delsing 19, Elisa Demonchy 19, Emmanuelle Denis 19, Dominique Deplanque 19, Pieter Depuydt 19, Diane Descamps 19, Mathilde Desvallées 19, Santi Dewayanti 19, Pathik Dhangar 19, Alpha Diallo 19, Souleymane Taran Diallo 19, Sylvain Diamantis 19, André Dias 19, Fernanda Dias Da Silva 19, Rodrigo Diaz 19, Juan Jose Diaz 19, Priscila Diaz 19, Bakary K Dibba 19, Kévin Didier 19, Jean-Luc Diehl 19, Wim Dieperink 19, Jérôme Dimet 19, Vincent Dinot 19, Fara Diop 19, Alphonsine Diouf 19, Yael Dishon 19, Cedric Djadda 19, Félix Djossou 19, Annemarie B Docherty 19, Helen Doherty 19, Arjen M Dondorp 19, Christl A Donnelly 19, Yoann Donohue 19, Sean Donohue 19, Peter Doran 19, Céline Dorival 19, Eric D'Ortenzio 19, Yash Doshi 19, Phouvieng Douangdala 19, James Joshua Douglas 19, Renee Douma 19, Nathalie Dournon 19, Joanne Downey 19, Mark Downing 19, Thomas Drake 19, Aoife Driscoll 19, Ibrahim Kwaku Duah 19, Claudio Duarte Fonseca 19, Vincent Dubee 19, François Dubos 19, Audrey Dubot-Pérès 19, Alexandre Ducancelle 19, Toni Duculan 19, Susanne Dudman 19, Abhijit Duggal 19, Paul Dunand 19, Jake Dunning 19, Mathilde Duplaix 19, Emanuele Durante-Mangoni 19, Lucian Durham 3rd 19, Bertrand Dussol 19, Juliette Duthoit 19, Xavier Duval 19, Anne Margarita Dyrhol-Riise 19, Sim Choon Ean 19, Ada Ebo 19, Marco Echeverria-Villalobos 19, Michael Edelstein 19, Siobhan Egan 19, Linn Margrete Eggesbø 19, Khadeja Ehzaz 19, Carla Eira 19, Mohammed El Sanharawi 19, Marwan El Sayed 19, Mohammed Elabid 19, Mohamed Bashir Elagili 19, Subbarao Elapavaluru 19, Mohammad Elbahnasawy 19, Sohail Elboshra 19, Brigitte Elharrar 19, Jacobien Ellerbroek 19, Merete Ellingjord-Dale 19, Hamida ELMagrahi 19, Mohammad Muatasm Elmubark 19, Loubna Elotmani 19, Lauren Eloundou 19, Philippine Eloy 19, Basma Elshaikhy 19, Tarek Elshazly 19, Wafa Elsokni 19, Aml Ahmed Eltayeb 19, Iqbal Elyazar 19, Zarief Kamel Emad 19, Hussein Embarek 19, Isabelle Enderle 19, Tomoyuki Endo 19, Gervais Eneli 19, Chan Chee Eng 19, Ilka Engelmann 19, Vincent Enouf 19, Olivier Epaulard 19, Haneen Esaadi 19, Mariano Esperatti 19, Hélène Esperou 19, Catarina Espírito Santo 19, Marina Esposito-Farese 19, Rachel Essaka 19, Lorinda Essuman 19, João Estevão 19, Manuel Etienne 19, Anna Greti Everding 19, Mirjam Evers 19, Isabelle Fabre 19, Marc Fabre 19, Ismaila Fadera 19, Asgad Osman Abdalla Fadlalla 19, Amna Faheem 19, Arabella Fahy 19, Cameron J Fairfield 19, Zul Fakar 19, Komal Fareed 19, Pedro Faria 19, Ahmed Farooq 19, Hanan Fateena 19, Mohamed Fathi 19, Salem Fatima 19, Arie Zainul Fatoni 19, Karine Faure 19, Raphaël Favory 19, Mohamed Fayed 19, Niamh Feely 19, Jorge Fernandes 19, Marília Andreia Fernandes 19, Susana Fernandes 19, François-Xavier Ferrand 19, Eglantine Ferrand Devouge 19, Joana Ferrão 19, Mário Ferraz 19, Benigno Ferreira 19, Isabel Ferreira 19, Bernardo Ferreira 19, Sílvia Ferreira 19, Nicolas Ferriere 19, Céline Ficko 19, Claudia Figueiredo-Mello 19, William Finlayson 19, Thomas Flament 19, Tom Fletcher 19, Aline-Marie Florence 19, Letizia Lucia Florio 19, Brigid Flynn 19, Deirdre Flynn 19, Jean Foley 19, Victor Fomin 19, Tatiana Fonseca 19, Patricia Fontela 19, Karen Forrest 19, Simon Forsyth 19, Denise Foster 19, Giuseppe Foti 19, Berline Fotso 19, Erwan Fourn 19, Robert A Fowler 19, Marianne Fraher 19, Diego Franch-Llasat 19, Christophe Fraser 19, John F Fraser 19, Marcela Vieira Freire 19, Ana Freitas Ribeiro 19, Craig French 19, Caren Friedrich 19, Ricardo Fritz 19, Stéphanie Fry 19, Nora Fuentes 19, Masahiro Fukuda 19, G Argin 19, Valérie Gaborieau 19, Rostane Gaci 19, Massimo Gagliardi 19, Jean-Charles Gagnard 19, Amandine Gagneux-Brunon 19, Abdou Gai 19, Sérgio Gaião 19, Linda Gail Skeie 19, Adham Mohamed Galal Mohamed Ramadan 19, Phil Gallagher 19, Carrol Gamble 19, Yasmin Gani 19, Arthur Garan 19, Rebekha Garcia 19, Julia Garcia-Diaz 19, Esteban Garcia-Gallo 19, Navya Garimella 19, Denis Garot 19, Valérie Garrait 19, Basanta Gauli 19, Anatoliy Gavrylov 19, Alexandre Gaymard 19, Johannes Gebauer 19, Eva Geraud 19, Louis Gerbaud Morlaes 19, Nuno Germano 19, Malak Ghemmeid 19, Praveen Kumar Ghisulal 19, Jade Ghosn 19, Marco Giani 19, Tristan Gigante 19, Elaine Gilroy 19, Guillermo Giordano 19, Michelle Girvan 19, Valérie Gissot 19, Gezy Giwangkancana 19, Daniel Glikman 19, Petr Glybochko 19, Eric Gnall 19, Geraldine Goco 19, François Goehringer 19, Siri Goepel 19, Jean-Christophe Goffard 19, Jin Yi Goh 19, Brigitta Golács 19, Jonathan Golob 19, Kyle Gomez 19, Joan Gómez-Junyent 19, Marie Gominet 19, Alicia Gonzalez 19, Patricia Gordon 19, Isabelle Gorenne 19, Laure Goubert 19, Cécile Goujard 19, Tiphaine Goulenok 19, Margarite Grable 19, Jeronimo Graf 19, Edward Wilson Grandin 19, Pascal Granier 19, Giacomo Grasselli 19, Lorenzo Grazioli 19, Christopher A Green 19, Courtney Greene 19, William Greenhalf 19, Segolène Greffe 19, Domenico Luca Grieco 19, Matthew Griffee 19, Fiona Griffiths 19, Ioana Grigoras 19, Albert Groenendijk 19, Fassou Mathias Grovogui 19, Heidi Gruner 19, Yusing Gu 19, Jérémie Guedj 19, Martin Guego 19, Anne-Marie Guerguerian 19, Daniela Guerreiro 19, Romain Guery 19, Anne Guillaumot 19, Laurent Guilleminault 19, Maisa Guimarães de Castro 19, Thomas Guimard 19, Marieke Haalboom 19, Daniel Haber 19, Ali Hachemi 19, Abdurrahman Haddud 19, Nadir Hadri 19, Wael Hafez 19, Fakhir Raza Haidri 19, Fatima Mhd Rida Hajij 19, Sheeba Hakak 19, Adam Hall 19, Matthew Hall 19, Sophie Halpin 19, Shaher Hamdan 19, Abdelhafeez Hamdi 19, Jawad Hameed 19, Ansley Hamer 19, Raph L Hamers 19, Rebecca Hamidfar 19, Bato Hammarström 19, Naomi Hammond 19, Terese Hammond 19, Lim Yuen Han 19, Matly Hanan 19, Rashan Haniffa 19, Kok Wei Hao 19, Hayley Hardwick 19, Ewen M Harrison 19, Janet Harrison 19, Samuel Bernard Ekow Harrison 19, Alan Hartman 19, Sulieman Hasan 19, Mohammad Ali Nabil Hasan 19, Mohd Shahnaz Hasan 19, Junaid Hashmi 19, Madiha Hashmi 19, Amoni Hassan 19, Ebtisam Hassanin 19, Muhammad Hayat 19, Ailbhe Hayes 19, Leanne Hays 19, Jan Heerman 19, Lars Heggelund 19, Ahmed Helmi 19, Ross Hendry 19, Martina Hennessy 19, Aquiles Rodrigo Henriquez-Trujillo 19, Maxime Hentzien 19, Diana Hernandez 19, Andrew Hershey 19, Liv Hesstvedt 19, Astarini Hidayah 19, Eibhlin Higgins 19, Rupert Higgins 19, Samuel Hinton 19, Hiroaki Hiraiwa 19, Haider Hirkani 19, Hikombo Hitoto 19, Antonia Ho 19, Yi Bin Ho 19, Alexandre Hoctin 19, Isabelle Hoffmann 19, Wei Han Hoh 19, Oscar Hoiting 19, Rebecca Holt 19, Jan Cato Holter 19, Peter Horby 19, Juan Pablo Horcajada 19, Ikram Houas 19, Mabrouka Houderi 19, Catherine L Hough 19, Stuart Houltham 19, Jimmy Ming-Yang Hsu 19, Jean-Sébastien Hulot 19, Abby Hurd 19, Iqbal Hussain 19, Aliae Mohamed Hussein 19, Mahmood Hussein 19, Fatima Ibrahim 19, Bashir Ibran 19, Samreen Ijaz 19, M Arfan Ikram 19, Carlos Cañada Illana 19, Patrick Imbert 19, Muhammad Imran Ansari 19, Rana Imran Sikander 19, Hugo Inácio 19, Carmen Infante Dominguez 19, Yun Sii Ing 19, Mariachiara Ippolito 19, Vera Irawany 19, Sarah Isgett 19, Tiago Isidoro 19, Nadiah Ismail 19, Margaux Isnard 19, Mette Stausland Istre 19, Junji Itai 19, Daniel Ivulich 19, Danielle Jaafar 19, Salma Jaafoura 19, Hamza Jaber 19, Julien Jabot 19, Clare Jackson 19, Abubacarr Jagne 19, Stéphane Jaureguiberry 19, Denise Jaworsky 19, Florence Jego 19, Anilawati Mat Jelani 19, Synne Jenum 19, Ruth Jimbo-Sotomayor 19, Ong Yiaw Joe 19, Ruth Noemí Jorge García 19, Silje Bakken Jørgensen 19, Cédric Joseph 19, Mark Joseph 19, Swosti Joshi 19, Mercé Jourdain 19, Philippe Jouvet 19, Anna Jung 19, Hanna Jung 19, Dafsah Juzar 19, Ouifiya Kafif 19, Florentia Kaguelidou 19, Neerusha Kaisbain 19, Thavamany Kaleesvran 19, Sabina Kali 19, Karl Trygve Kalleberg 19, Smaragdi Kalomoiri 19, Muhammad Aisar Ayadi Kamaluddin 19, Armand Saloun Kamano 19, Zul Amali Che Kamaruddin 19, Nadiah Kamarudin 19, Kavita Kamineni 19, Darshana Hewa Kandamby 19, Kong Yeow Kang 19, Darakhshan Kanwal 19, Dyah Kanyawati 19, Mohamed Karghul 19, Pratap Karpayah 19, Todd Karsies 19, Christiana Kartsonaki 19, Daisuke Kasugai 19, Kevin Katz 19, Christy Kay 19, Lamees Kayyali 19, Seán Keating 19, Pulak Kedia 19, Andrea Kelly 19, Aoife Kelly 19, Claire Kelly 19, Niamh Kelly 19, Sadie Kelly 19, Yvelynne Kelly 19, Maeve Kelsey 19, Kalynn Kennon 19, Sommay Keomany 19, Maeve Kernan 19, Younes Kerroumi 19, Sharma Keshav 19, Shams Khail 19, Sarah Khaled 19, Imrana Khalid 19, Antoine Khalil 19, Irfan Khan 19, Quratul Ain Khan 19, Sushil Khanal 19, Abid Khatak 19, Krish Kherajani 19, Michelle E Kho 19, Denisa Khoo 19, Ryan Khoo 19, Saye Khoo 19, Muhammad Nasir Khoso 19, Amin Khuwaja 19, Khor How Kiat 19, Yuri Kida 19, Peter Kiiza 19, Beathe Kiland Granerud 19, Anders Benjamin Kildal 19, Jae Burm Kim 19, Antoine Kimmoun 19, Detlef Kindgen-Milles 19, Nobuya Kitamura 19, Eyrun Floerecke Kjetland Kjetland 19, Paul Klenerman 19, Rob Klont 19, Gry Kloumann Bekken 19, Stephen R Knight 19, Robin Kobbe 19, Paa Kobina Forson 19, Chamira Kodippily 19, Malte Kohns Vasconcelos 19, Sabin Koirala 19, Mamoru Komatsu 19, Franklina Korkor Abebrese 19, Volkan Korten 19, Stephanie Kouba 19, Mohamed Lamine Kourouma 19, Karifa Kourouma 19, Arsène Kpangon 19, Karolina Krawczyk 19, Ali Kredan 19, Vinothini Krishnan 19, Sudhir Krishnan 19, Oksana Kruglova 19, Anneli Krund 19, Pei Xuan Kuan 19, Ashok Kumar 19, Deepali Kumar 19, Ganesh Kumar 19, Mukesh Kumar 19, Dinesh Kuriakose 19, Ethan Kurtzman 19, Demetrios Kutsogiannis 19, Galyna Kutsyna 19, Ama Kwakyewaa Bedu-Addo 19, Sylvie Kwedi 19, Konstantinos Kyriakoulis 19, Marie Lachatre 19, Marie Lacoste 19, John G Laffey 19, Nadhem Lafhej 19, Marie Lagrange 19, Fabrice Laine 19, Olivier Lairez 19, Sanjay Lakhey 19, Marc Lambert 19, François Lamontagne 19, Marie Langelot-Richard 19, Vincent Langlois 19, Eka Yudha Lantang 19, Marina Lanza 19, Cédric Laouénan 19, Samira Laribi 19, Delphine Lariviere 19, Stéphane Lasry 19, Sakshi Lath 19, Naveed Latif 19, Youssef Latifeh 19, Odile Launay 19, Didier Laureillard 19, Yoan Lavie-Badie 19, Andy Law 19, Cassie Lawrence 19, Teresa Lawrence 19, Minh Le 19, Clément Le Bihan 19, Cyril Le Bris 19, Georges Le Falher 19, Lucie Le Fevre 19, Quentin Le Hingrat 19, Marion Le Maréchal 19, Soizic Le Mestre 19, Gwenaël Le Moal 19, Vincent Le Moing 19, Hervé Le Nagard 19, Ema Leal 19, Marta Leal Santos 19, Biing Horng Lee 19, Heng Gee Lee 19, Su Hwan Lee 19, James Lee 19, Jennifer Lee 19, Todd C Lee 19, Yi Lin Lee 19, Gary Leeming 19, Bénédicte Lefebvre 19, Laurent Lefebvre 19, Benjamin Lefèvre 19, Sylvie LeGac 19, Merili-Helen Lehiste 19, Jean-Daniel Lelievre 19, François Lellouche 19, Adrien Lemaignen 19, Véronique Lemee 19, Anthony Lemeur 19, Gretchen Lemmink 19, Ha Sha Lene 19, Jenny Lennon 19, Rafael León 19, Marc Leone 19, Tanel Lepik 19, Quentin Lepiller 19, François-Xavier Lescure 19, Olivier Lesens 19, Mathieu Lesouhaitier 19, Amy Lester-Grant 19, Andrew Letizia 19, Sophie Letrou 19, Bruno Levy 19, Yves Levy 19, Claire Levy-Marchal 19, Katarzyna Lewandowska 19, Erwan L'Her 19, Gianluigi Li Bassi 19, Janet Liang 19, Ali Liaquat 19, Geoffrey Liegeon 19, Kah Chuan Lim 19, Wei Shen Lim 19, Chantre Lima 19, Bruno Lina 19, Lim Lina 19, Andreas Lind 19, Maja Katherine Lingad 19, Guillaume Lingas 19, Sylvie Lion-Daolio 19, Keibun Liu 19, Marine Livrozet 19, Patricia Lizotte 19, Antonio Loforte 19, Navy Lolong 19, Leong Chee Loon 19, Diogo Lopes 19, Dalia Lopez-Colon 19, Anthony L Loschner 19, Paul Loubet 19, Bouchra Loufti 19, Guillame Louis 19, Silvia Lourenco 19, Lara Lovelace-Macon 19, Lee Lee Low 19, Marije Lowik 19, Jia Shyi Loy 19, Jean Christophe Lucet 19, Carlos M Luna 19, Olguta Lungu 19, Miles Lunn 19, Liem Luong 19, Nestor Luque 19, Dominique Luton 19, Olavi Maasikas 19, Moïse Machado 19, Sara Machado 19, Gabriel Macheda 19, Mustafa Magzoub 19, Rafael Mahieu 19, Sophie Mahy 19, Ana Raquel Maia 19, Lars S Maier 19, Oumou Maiga Ascofare 19, Mylène Maillet 19, Thomas Maitre 19, Nimisha Abdul Majeed 19, Maximilian Malfertheiner 19, Nadia Malik 19, Padd

Ecological aspects of sand fly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) of Sumidouro District, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Aiming to compare and update the sand fly fauna of Portão de Pedra site, Sumidouro District, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, and considering the environmental changes occurred, the biology and ecology of the local sandfly species were examined five years later as a complementary study carried. Captures were made in the cave, surroundings of cave and forest of the region, from 6 p.m. to 6 a.m. Among the 2323 sandflies of eigth species of the Lutzomyia were captured: L. gasparviannai, L. edwardsi, L. tupynambai, L. hirsuta, L. whitmani, L. migonei, L. intermedia, Lutzomyia. sp and one species of the Brumptomyia Kind: B. brumpti. In 2009 and 2010 were collected 1756 samples from ten species of the former genus and two of the second. L. gasparviannai was predominant, in the three collection sites, in both periods. Five species implicated as vectors of Leishmania: L. intermedia, L. whitmani, L. migonei, L. hirsuta and L. davisi have been collected in the area. Poisson regression and ANOVA were used to perform statistical analysis of species most relevant. The record of L. intermedia and a case of American tegumentary leishmaniasis are relevant to the public health of municipality and of state of Rio de Janeiro

SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in the Nasopharynx at Time of First Infection Among Unvaccinated Individuals: A Secondary Cross-Protocol Analysis of 4 Randomized Trials

Collaborators: COVID-19 Prevention Network (CoVPN): Atoya Adams, Eric Miller, Bruce G Rankin, Steven Shinn, Dean Follmann, Jacqueline Miller, Jerald Sadoff, Marshall Nash, Sinikka L Green, Colleen Jacobsen, Jayasree Krishnankutty, Sikhongi Phungwayo, Richard M Glover II, Stacy Slechta, Troy Holdeman, Robyn Hartvickson, Amber Grant, Terry L Poling, Terry D Klein, Thomas C Klein, Tracy R Klein, William B Smith, Richard L Gibson, Jennifer Winbigler, Elizabeth Parker, Priyantha N Wijewardane, Eric Bravo, Jeffrey Thessing, Michelle Maxwell, Amanda Horn, Catherine Mary Healy, Christine Akamine, Laurence Chu, R Michelle Chouteau, Michael J Cotugno, George H Bauer Jr, Greg Hachigian, Masaru Oshita, Michael Cancilla, Kristen Kiersey, William Seger, Mohammed Antwi, Allison Green, Anthony Kim, Michael Desjardins, Jennifer A Johnson, Amy Sherman, Judith Borger, Nafisa Saleem, Joel Solis, Martha Carmen Medina, Westly Keating, Edgar Garcia, Cynthia Bueno, Nathan Segall, Douglas S Denham, Thomas Weiss, Ayoade Avworo, Parke Hedges, Cynthia Becher Strout, Rica Santiago, Yvonne Davis, Patty Howenstine, Alison Bondell, Kristin Marks, Tina Wang, Timothy Wilkin, Mary Vogler, Carrie Johnston, Michele P Andrasik, Jessica G Andriesen, Gail Broder, Niles Eaton, Huub G Gelderblom, Rachael McClennen, Nelson Michael, Merlin Robb, Carrie Sopher, Vicki E Miller, Fredric Santiago, Blanca Gomez, Insiya Valika, Amy Starr, Valeria D Cantos, Sheetal Kandiah, Carlos Del Rio, Srilatha Edupuganti, Daniel S Graciaa, Evan J Anderson, Andres Camacho-Gonzalez, Satoshi Kamidani, Christiana A Rostad, Meghan Teherani, David J Diemert, Elissa Malkin, Marc Siegel, Afsoon Roberts, Gary Simon, Bindu Balani, Carolene Stephenson, Steven Sperber, Cristina Cicogna, Marcus J Zervos, Paul Kilgore, Mayur Ramesh, Erica Herc, Kate Zenlea, Abram Burgher, Ann M Milliken, Joseph D Davis, Brendan Levy, Sandra Kelman, Matthew W Doust, Denise Sample, Sandra Erickson, Shane G Christensen, Christopher Matich, James Longe, John Witbeck, James T Peterson, Alexander Clark, Gerald Kelty, Issac Pena-Renteria, Michael J Koren, Darlene Bartilucci, Alpa Patel, Carolyn Tran, Christina Kennelly, Robert Brownlee, Jacob Coleman, Hala Webster, Carlos A Fierro, Natalia Leistner, Amy Thompson, Celia Gonzalez, Lisa A Jackson, Janice Suyehira, Milton Haber, Maria M Regalado, Veronica Procasky, Alisha Lutat, Carl P Griffin, Ripley R Hollister, Jeremy Brown, Melody Ronk, Wayne L Harper, Lisa Cohen, Lynn Eckert, Matthew Hong, Rambod Rouhbakhsh, Elizabeth Danford, John Johnson, Richard Calderone, Shishir K Khetan, Oyebisi Olanrewaju, Nan Zhai, Kimberly Nieves, Allison O'Brien, Paul S Bradley, Amanda Lilienthal, Jim Callis, Adam B Brosz, Andrea Clement, Whitney West, Luke Friesen, Paul Cramer, Frank S Eder, Ryan Little, Victoria Engler, Heather Rattenbury-Shaw, David J Ensz, Allie Oplinger, Brandon J Essink, Jay Meyer, Frederick Raiser 3rd, Kimberly Mueller, Keith W Vrbicky, Charles Harper, Chelsie Nutsch, Wendell Lewis 3rd, Cathy Laflan, Jordan L Whatley, Nicole Harrell, Amie Shannon, Crystal Rowell, Christopher Dedon, Mamodikoe Makhene, Gregory M Gottschlich, Kate Harden, Melissa Gottschlich, Mary Smith, Richard Powell, Murray A Kimmel, Simmy Pinto, Timothy P Vachris, Mark Hutchens, Stephen Daniels, Margaret Wells, Mimi Van Der Leden, Peta-Gay Jackson-Booth, Mira Baron, Pamela Kane, Shannen Seversen, Mara Kryvicky, Julia Lord, Jamshid Saleh, Matthew Miles, Rafael Lupercio, John W McGettigan Jr, Walter Patton, Riemke Brakema, Karin Choquette, Jonlyn McGettigan, Judith L Kirstein, Marcia Bernard, Mary Beth Manning, Joan Rothenberg, Toby Briskin, Denise Roadman, Sharita Tedder-Edwards, Howard I Schwartz, Surisday Mederos, Shobha Swaminathan, Amesika Nyaku, Tilly Varughese, Michelle DallaPiazza, Sharon E Frey, Irene Graham, Getahun Abate, Daniel Hoft, Leland N Allen 3rd, Leslie A Edwards, William S Davis Jr, Jessica M Mena, Mark E Kutner, Jorge Caso, Maria Hernandez Moran, Marianela Carvajal, Janet Mendez, Larkin T Wadsworth 3rd, Michael R Adams, Leslie Iverson, Joseph L Newberg, Laura Pearlman, Paul J Nugent, Michele D Reynolds, Jennifer Bashour, Robert Schmidt, Neil P Sheth, Kenneth Steil, Ramy J Toma, William Kirby, Pink Folmar, Samantha Williams, Paul Pickrell, Stefanie Mott, Carol Ann Linebarger, Hussain Malbari, David Pampe, Veronica G Fragoso, Lisa Holloway, Cecilia McKeown-Bragas, Teresa Becker, Barton G Williams, William H Jones, Jesse L Clark, Steven Shoptaw, Michele Vertucci, Will Hernandez, Stephen A Spector, Amaran Moodley, Jill Blumenthal, Lisa Stangl, Karen Deutsch, Kathleen M Mullane, David Pitrak, Cheryl Nuss, Judy Pi, Carl Fichtenbaum, Margaret Powers-Fletcher, Michelle Saemann, Sharon Kohrs, Thomas B Campbell, Andrew Lauria, Jose C Mancilla, Hillary Dunlevy, Richard M Novak, Andrea Wendrow, Scott Borgetti, Ben Ladner, Matthew Laurens, Lisa Chrisley, Cheryl Young, Susanne Doblecki-Lewis, Maria L Alcaide, Jose Gonzales-Zamora, Stephen Morris, David Wohl, Joseph Eron Jr, Ian Frank, Debora Dunbar, David Metzger, Florence Momplaisir, Judith Martin, Alejandro Hoberman, Timothy Shope, Gysella Muniz, Richard Rupp, Amber Stanford, Megan Berman, Laura Porterfield, Michael Lewis, Elham Ghadishah, Joseph Yusin, Mai Pham, Clarence B Creech 2nd, Shannon Walker, Stephanie Rolsma, Robert Samuels, Isaac Thomsen, Spyros A Kalams, Greg Wilson, Gregg H Lucksinger, Kevin Parks, Ryan Israelsen, Jaleh Ostovar, Kary Kelly, Jeffrey S Overcash, Hanh Chu, Kia Lee, Luis I De La Cruz, Steve Clemons, Elizabeth Everette, Suzanna Studdard, Gowdhami Mohan, Stefanie Tyson, Alyssa-Kay Peay, Danyel Johnson, Gregory J Feldman, May-Yin Suen, Jacqueline Muenzner, Joseph Boscia, Farhan Siddiqui, John Sanders, James Peacock, Julio Nasim, Michael L Levin, Julie Hussey, Marcy Kulic, Mark M McKenzie, Teresa Deese, Erica Osmundsen, Christy Sweet, Valentine M Ebuh, Elwaleed Elnagar, Georgette Ebuh, Genevieve Iwuala, Laurie J Han-Conrad, Todd Simmons, Denis Tarakjian, Jeremy Ackermann, Mark S Adams, José O Alemán, Mohamed S Al-Ibrahim, David R Andes, Jeb Andrews, Roberto C Arduino, Martín Bäcker, Diana Badillo, Emma Bainbridge, Teresa A Batteiger, Jose A Bazan, Roger J Bedimo, Jorge A Benitez, Annette R Bennett, David I Bernstein, Kristin Bialobok, Rebecca Boas, Judith Brady, Angela R Branche, Cynthia Brown, Catherine A Bunce, Robert S Call, Wesley Campbell, Ellie Carmody, Christopher Carpenter, Steven E Carsons, Marvin Castellon, Mario Castro, Hannah Catan, Jennifer Chang, Mouna G Chebib, Corey M Chen, Margaret Cheng, Brian D W Chow, Annie Ciambruschini, Joseph P Connor, James H Conway, Maureen Cooney, Marcel Curlin, Claudia De La Matta Rodriguez, Jon F Dedon, Emily Degan, Michelle Dickey, Craig Dietz, Jennifer L Dong, Brenda Dorcely, Michael P Dube, Carmel B Dyer, Benjamin Eckhardt, Edward Ellerbeck, Evan C Ewers, Amy Falk, Brittany Feijoo, Uriel R Felsen, Tom Fiel, David Fitz-Patrick, Charles M Fogarty, Stacy Ford, Lina M Forero, Elizabeth Formentini, Doris Franco-Vitteri, Robert W Frenck Jr, Elie Gharib, Suzanne Gharib, Rola G Rucker, James N Goldenberg, Luis H González, Brett Gray, Rusty Greene, Robert M Grossberg, Juan V Guanira-Carranza, Alfredo Gilberto Guerreros Benavides, Clint C Guillory, Shauna H Gunaratne, David Halpert, Holli Hamilton, William R Hartman, Timothy J Hatlen, Sheryl L Henderson, Ramin Herati, Laura Hernandez Guarin, Robin Hilder, Ken Ho, Leila Hojat, Sybil G Hosek, Jeffrey M Jacobson, Melanie Jay, Diane H Johnson, Kathleen S Jones, Edward C Jones-López, Jessica E Justman, Scott Kahney, Lois Katz, Melinda Katz, Daniel Kaul, Michael C Keefer, Ashley Kennedy, Jennifer Knishinsky, Laura Kogelman, Susan L Koletar, Angelica Kottkamp, Maryrose Laguio-Vila, Raphael J Landovitz, Jessica L Lee, Eneyda Giuvanela Llerena Zegarra, Anna S Lok, James Lovell, Ronald Lubelchek, John Lucaj, Gary Luckasen, Annie Luetkemeyer, Njira Lucia Lugogo, Janine Maenza, Carlos Malvestutto, Monica Mauri, Ryan C Maves, Kenneth H Mayer, Michael J McCartney, Margaret E McCort, M Juliana McElrath, Meredith McNairy, Fernando L Merino, Eric A Meyerowitz, Carol L Mitchell, Cynthia L Monaco, Sauda Muhammad, Sigridh Muñoz-Gómez, Sonal Munsiff, Paul Nee, Nicole L Nollen, Asif Noor, Claudio Nuñez Lagos, Jason F Okulicz, Patrick A Oliver, Jessica Ortega, Steven Palmer, Lalitha Parameswaran, Purvi Parikh, Susan Parker, Reza Parungao, Juana R Pavie, Rebecca P Madan, Henry Peralta, Jennifer Petts, Kristen K Pierce, E Javier Pretell Alva, Lawrence J Purpura, Vanessa Raabe, Sergio E Recuenco, Tamara Richards, Sharon A Riddler, Barbara Rizzardi, Rachel Rokser, Charlotte-Paige Rolle, Adam Rosen, Jeffrey Rosen, Lena R Freese, María E Santolaya, Linda M Schipani, Adam Schwartz, Tiffany Schwasinger-Schmidt, Hyman Scott, Beverly E Sha, Shivanjali Shankaran, Adrienne E Shapiro, Stephan C Sharp, Bo Shopsin, Matthew D Sims, Stephanie Skipper, Derek M Smith, Michael J Smith, M Mahdee Sobhanie, Brit Sovic, Stephanie Sterling, Robert Striker, Karla Beatriz Tafur Bances, Kawsar R Talaat, Edward M Tavel Jr, Hong V Tieu, Christian Tomaszewski, Ryan Tomlinson, Juan P Torres, Julian A Torres, John J Treanor, Sade Tukuru, Robert J Ulrich, Gregory C Utz, Veronica Viar, Roberto A Viau Colindres, Edward E Walsh, Mary C Walsh, Emmanuel B Walter, Jessica L Weidler, Yi H Wu, Kinara S Yang, Juan Luis Yrivarren Giorza, Arthur L Zemanek, Kevin Zhang, Barry S Zingman, Richard Gorman, Carmen A Paez, Edith Swann, Simbarashe G Takuva, Alex Greninger, Pavitra Roychoudhury, Robert W Coombs, Keith R Jerome, Flora Castellino, Xiaomi Tong, Corrina Pavetto, Teletha Gipson, Tina Tong, Marina Lee, James Zhou, Michael Fay, Kelly McQuarrie, Chimeremma Nnadi, Obiageli Sogbetun, Nina Ahmad, Ian De Proost, Cyrus Hoseyni, Paul Coplan, Najat Khan, Peter Ronco, Dawn Furey, Jodi Meck, Johan Vingerhoets, Boerries Brandenburg, Jerome Custers, Jenny Hendriks, Jarek Juraszek, Anne Marit de Groot, Griet Van Roey, Dirk Heerwegh, Ilse Van Dromme, Jorge F Méndez Galván, Monica B Carrascal, Adriana Sordo Duran, Laura Ruy Sanchez Guerrero, Martha Cecilia Gómora Madrid, Alejandro Quintín Barrat Hernández, Sharzhaad Molina Guizar, Denisse Alejandra González Estrada, Silvano Omar Martínez Pérez, Zindy Yazmín Zárate Hinojosa, Guillermo Miguel Ruiz-Palacios, Aurelio Cruz-Valdez, Janeth Pacheco-Flores, Anyela Lara, Secia Díaz-Miralrio, María José Reyes Fentanes, Jocelyn Zuleica Olmos Vega, Daniela Pineda Méndez, Karina Cano Martínez, Winniberg Stephany Alvarez León, Vida Veronica Ruiz Herrera, Eduardo Gabriel Vázquez Saldaña, Laura Julia Camacho Choza, Karen Sofia Vega Orozco, Sandra Janeth Ortega Domínguez, Jorge A Chacón, Juan J Rivera, Erika A Cutz, Maricruz E Ortegón, María I Rivera, David Browder, Cortney Burch, Terri Moye, Paul Bondy, Lesley Browder, Rickey D Manning, James W Hurst, Rodney E Sturgeon, Paul H Wakefield, John A Kirby, James Andersen, Szheckera Fearon, Rosa Negron, Amy Medina, John M Hill, Vivek Rajasekhar, Hayes Williams, LaShondra Cade, Rhodna Fouts, Connie Moya, Corey G Anderson, Naomi Devine, James Ramsey, Ashley Perez, David Tatelbaum, Michael Jacobs, Kathleen Menasche, Vincent Mirkil, Peter J Winkle, Amina Z Haggag, Michelle Haynes, Marysol Villegas, Sabina Raja, Robert Riesenberg, Stanford Plavin, Mark Lerman, Leana Woodside, Maria Johnson, C Mary Healy, Jennifer A Whitaker, Wendy A Keitel, Robert L Atmar, Gary Horwith, Robin Mason, Lisa Johnson, Tambra Dora, Deborah Murray, Logan Ledbetter, Beverly Ewing, Kathryn E Stephenson, Chen S Tan, Rebecca Zash, Jessica L Ansel, Kate Jaegle, Caitlin J Guiney, Jeffrey A Henderson, Marcia O'Leary, Kendra Enright, Jill Kessler, Pete Ducheneaux, Asha Inniss, Donald M Brandon, William B Davis, Daniel T Lawler, Yaa D Oppong, Ryan P Starr, Scott N Syndergaard, Rozeli Shelly, Mashrur Islam Majumder, Danny Sugimoto, Jeffrey Dugas Sr, Dolores Rijos, Sandra Shelton, Stephan Hong, Howard Schwartz, Nelia Sanchez-Crespo, Jennifer Schwartz, Terry Piedra, Barbara Corral, Carmen Medina, Michael E Dever, Mitul Shah, Michael Delgado, Tameika Scott, Lisa S Usdan, Lora J McGill, Valerie K Arnold, Carolyn Scatamacchia, Codi M Anthony, Rajan Merchant, Anelgine C Yoon, Janet Hill, Lucy Ng-Price, Teri Thompson-Seim, Ronald Ackerman, Jamie Ackerman, Florida Aristy, Nzeera Ketter, Jon Finley, Mildred Stull, Monica Murray, Zainab Rizvi, Sonia Guerrero, Yogesh K Paliwal, Amit Paliwal, Sarah Gordon, Bryan Gordon, Cynthia Montano-Pereira, Christopher Galloway, Candice Montros, Lily Aleman, Samira Shairi, Wesley Van Ever, George H Freeman, Esther L Harmon, Marshall A Cross, Kacie Sales, Catherine Q Gular, Matthew Hepburn, Nathan Alderson, Shana Harshell, Siham Mahgoub, Celia Maxwell, Thomas Mellman, Karl M Thompson, Glenn Wortman, Jeff Kingsley, April Pixler, LaKondria Curry, Sarah Afework, Austin Swanson, Jeffry Jacqmein, Maggie Bowers, Dawn Robison, Victoria Mosteller, Janet Garvey, Mary Easley, Rebecca J Kurnat, Raymond Cornelison, Shanda Gower, William Schnitz, Destiny S Heinzig-Cartwright, Derek Lewis, Fred E Newton, Aeiress Duhart, Breanz Watkins, Brandy Ball, Jill York, Shelby Pickle, David B Musante, William P Silver, Linda R Belhorn, Nicholas A Viens, David Dellaero, Priti Patel, Kendra Lisec, Beth Safirstein, Luz Zapata, Lazaro Gonzalez, Evelyn Quevedo, Farah Irani, Joseph Grillo, Amy Potts, Julie White, Patrick Flume, Gary Headden, Brandie Taylor, Ashley Warden, Amy Chamberlain, Robert Jeanfreau, Susan Jeanfreau, Paul G Matherne, Amy Caldwell, Jessica Stahl, Mandy Vowell, Lauren Newhouse, Vladimir Berthaud, Zudi-Mwak Takizala, Genevieve Beninati, Kimberly Snell, Sherrie Baker, James Walker, Tavane Harrison, Meagan Miller, Janet Otto, Roni Gray, Christine Wilson, Tiffany Nemecek, Hannah Harrington, Sally Eppenbach, Wendell Lewis, Tana Bourgeois, Lyndsea Folsom, Gregory Holt, Mehdi Mirsaeidi, Rafael Calderon, Paola Lichtenberger, Jalima Quintero, Becky Martinez, Lilly Immergluck, Erica Johnson, Austin Chan, Norberto Fas, LaTeshia Thomas-Seaton, Saadia Khizer, Jonathan Staben, Tatiana Beresnev, Maryam Jahromi, Mary A Marovich, Julia Hutter, Martha Nason, Julie Ledgerwood, John Mascola, Mark Leibowitz, Fernanda Morales, Mike Delgado, Rosario Sanchez, Norma Vega, Germán Áñez, Gary Albert, Erin Coston, Chinar Desai, Haoua Dunbar, Mark Eickhoff, Jenina Garcia, Margaret Kautz, Angela Lee, Maggie Lewis, Alice McGarry, Irene McKnight, Joy Nelson, Patrick Newingham, Patty Price-Abbott, Patty Reed, Diana Vegas, Bethanie Wilkinson, Katherine Smith, Wayne Woo, Iksung Cho, Gregory M Glenn, Filip Dubovsky, David L Fried, Lynne A Haughey, Ariana C Stanton, Lisa Stevens Rameaka, David Rosenberg, Lee Tomatsu, Viviana Gonzalez, Millie Manalo, Bernard Grunstra, Donald Quinn, Phillip Claybrook, Shelby Olds, Amy Dye, Kevin D Cannon, Mesha M Chadwick, Bailey Jordan, Morgan Hussey, Hannah Nevarez, Colleen F Kelley, Michael Chung, Caitlin Moran, Paulina Rebolledo, Christina Bacher, Elizabeth Barranco-Santana, Jessica Rodriguez, Rafael Mendoza, Karen Ruperto, Odette Olivieri, Enrique Ocaña, Paul E Wylie, Renea Henderson, Natasa Jenson, Fan Yang, Amy Kelley, Kenneth Finkelstein, David Beckmann, Tanya Hutchins, Sebastian Garcia Escallon, Kristen Johnson, Teresa S Sligh, Parul Desai, Vincent Huynh, Carlos Lopez, Erika Mendoza, Jeffrey Adelglass, Jerome G Naifeh, Kristine J Kucera, Waseem Chughtai, Shireen H Jaffer, Matthew G Davis, Jennifer Foley, Michelle L Burgett, Tammi L Shlotzhauer, Sarah M Ingalsbe-Geno, Daniel Duncanson, Kelly Kush, Lori Nesbitt, Cora Sonnier, Jennifer McCarter, Michael B Butcher, James Fry, Donna Percy, Karen Freudemann, Bruce C Gebhardt, Padma N Mangu, Debra B Schroeck, Rajesh K Davit, Gayle D Hennekes, Benjamin J Luft, Melissa Carr, Sharon Nachman, Alison Pellecchia, Candace Smith, Bruno Valenti, Maria I Bermudez, Noris Peraita, Ernesto Delgado, Alicia Arrazcaeta, Natalie Ramirez, Carmen Amador, Horacio Marafioti, Lyly Dang, Lauren Clement, Jennifer Berry, Mohammed Allaw, Georgettea Geuss, Chelsea Miles, Zachary Bittner, Melody Werne, Cornell Calinescu, Shannon Rodman, Joshua Rindt, Erin Cooksey, Kristina Harrison, Deanna Cooper, Manisha Horton, Amanda Philyaw, William Jennings, Hilario Alvarado, Michele Baka, Malina Regalado, Linda Murray, Sherif Naguib, Justin Singletary, Sha-Wanda Richmond, Sarah Omodele, Emily Oppenheim, Reuben Martinez, Victoria Andriulis, Leonard Singer, Jeanne Blevins, Meagan Thomas, Christine Hull, Isabel Pereira, Gina Rivero, Tracy Okonya, Frances Downing, Paulina Miller, Margaret Rhee, Katherine Stapleton, Jeffrey Klein, Rosamond Hong, Suzanne Swan, Tami Wahlin, Elizabeth Bennett, Amy Salzl, Sharine Phan, Jewel J White, Amanda Occhino, Ruth Paiano, Morgan McLaughlin, Elisa Swieboda, Veronica Garcia-Fragoso, Maria G Becerra, Toni White, Christine B Turley, Andrew McWilliams, Tiffany Esinhart, Natasha Montoya, Shamika Huskey, Leena Paul, Karen Tashima, Jennie Johnson, Marguerite Neill, Martha Sanchez, Natasha Rybak, Maria Mileno, Stuart H Cohen, Monica Ruiz, Dean M Boswell, Elizabeth E Robison, Trina L Reynolds, Sonja Neumeister, Carmen D Zorrilla, Juana Rivera, Jessica Ibarra, Iris García, Dianca Sierra, Wanda Ramon, Suzanne Fiorillo, Rebecca Pitotti, Victoria R Anderson, Jose Castillo Mancilla, Nga Le, Patricia L Winokur, Dilek Ince, Theresa Hegmann, Jeffrey Meier, Jack Stapleton, Laura Stulken, Monica McArthur, Andrea Berry, Milagritos Tapia, Elizabeth Hammershaimb, Toni Robinson, Rosa MacBryde, Susan Kline, Joanne L Billings, Winston Cavert, Les B Forgosh, Timothy W Schacker, Tyler D Bold, Dima Dandachi, Taylor Nelson, Andres Bran, Grant Geiger, S Hasan Naqvi, Diana F Florescu, Richard Starlin, David Kline, Andrea Zimmer, Anum Abbas, Natasha Wilson, Joseph J Eron, Michael Sciaudone, A Lina Rosengren, John S Kizer, Sarah E Rutstein, Carina A Rodriguez, Elizabeth Bruce, Lisa J Sanders, Kami Kim, Denise Casey, Barbara S Taylor, Thomas Patterson, Ruth S Pinilla, Delia Bullock, Philip Ponce, Jan Patterson, R Scott McClelland, Dakotah C Lane, Anna Wald, Frank James, Elizabeth Duke, Kirsten Hauge, Jessica Heimonen, Erin A Goecker, Youyi Fong, Carol Kauffman, Kathleen Linder, Kimberly Nofz, Andrew McConnell, Robert J Buynak, Angella Webb, Taryn Petty, Stephanie Andree, Erica Sanchez, Nolan Mackey, Clarisse Baudelaire, Sarah Dzigiel, Adrienna Marquez, Kim Quillin, Michelle King, Vanessa Abad, Jennifer Knowles, Michael Waters, Karla Zepeda, Jordan Coslet, Dalia Tovar, Marian E Shaw, Mark A Turner, Cory J Huffine, Esther S Huffine, Julie A Ake, Elizabeth Secord, Eric McGrath, Phillip Levy, Brittany Stewart, Charnell Cromer, Ayanna Walters, Grant Ellsworth, Caroline Greene, Sarah Galloway, Shashi Kapadia, Elliot DeHaan, Clint Wilson, Jason Milligan, Danielle Raley, Joseph Bocchini, Bruce McClenathan, Mary Hussain, Evelyn Lomasney, Evelyn Hall, Sherry Lamberth, Christy Schmeck, Vickie Leathers.In this secondary cross protocol analysis of 1667 placebo recipients from 4 harmonized, randomized, phase 3 COVID-19 vaccine efficacy trials, no associations were found between viral load and any of the measured covariates or disease severity.Importance: SARS-CoV-2 viral load (VL) in the nasopharynx is difficult to quantify and standardize across settings, but it may inform transmission potential and disease severity. Objective: To characterize VL at COVID-19 diagnosis among previously uninfected and unvaccinated individuals by evaluating the association of demographic and clinical characteristics, viral variant, and trial with VL, as well as the ability of VL to predict severe disease. Design, setting, and participants: This secondary cross-protocol analysis used individual-level data from placebo recipients from 4 harmonized, phase 3 COVID-19 vaccine efficacy trials sponsored by Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax. Participants were SARS-CoV-2 negative at baseline and acquired COVID-19 during the blinded phase of the trials. The setting included the US, Brazil, South Africa, Colombia, Argentina, Peru, Chile, and Mexico; start dates were July 27, 2020, to December 27, 2020; data cutoff dates were March 26, 2021, to July 30, 2021. Statistical analysis was performed from November 2022 to June 2023. Main outcomes and measures: Linear regression was used to assess the association of demographic and clinical characteristics, viral variant, and trial with polymerase chain reaction-measured log10 VL in nasal and/or nasopharyngeal swabs taken at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis. Results: Among 1667 participants studied (886 [53.1%] male; 995 [59.7%] enrolled in the US; mean [SD] age, 46.7 [14.7] years; 204 [12.2%] aged 65 years or older; 196 [11.8%] American Indian or Alaska Native, 150 [9%] Black or African American, 1112 [66.7%] White; 762 [45.7%] Hispanic or Latino), median (IQR) log10 VL at diagnosis was 6.18 (4.66-7.12) log10 copies/mL. Participant characteristics and viral variant explained only 5.9% of the variability in VL. The independent factor with the highest observed differences was trial: Janssen participants had 0.54 log10 copies/mL lower mean VL vs Moderna participants (95% CI, 0.20 to 0.87 log10 copies/mL lower). In the Janssen study, which captured the largest number of COVID-19 events and variants and used the most intensive post-COVID surveillance, neither VL at diagnosis nor averaged over days 1 to 28 post diagnosis was associated with COVID-19 severity. Conclusions and relevance: In this study of placebo recipients from 4 randomized phase 3 trials, high variability was observed in SARS-CoV-2 VL at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis, and only a fraction was explained by individual participant characteristics or viral variant. These results suggest challenges for future studies of interventions seeking to influence VL and elevates the importance of standardized methods for specimen collection and viral load quantitation

Avaliação da dinâmica de coinfecção e superinfecção pelos arbovírus Chikungunya e Mayaro em uma população de Aedes aegypti de laboratório

A emergência e reemergência de arbovírus são eventos associados a graves crises na saúde pública, muitas vezes caracterizadas pela presença simultânea de diferentes patógenos em uma mesma região, como o ocorrido no Brasil durante a tríplice epidemia de Dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV) e Chikungunya (CHIKV) em 2015-2016. Dentro desse atual panorama de cocirculação arboviral, o vírus Mayaro (MAYV) tem sido apontado como um potencial emergente no ambiente urbano devido a fatores como a notificação de casos de infecções por MAYV nessas regiões, junto com a ampla circulação de potenciais vetores e a presença de hospedeiros suscetíveis. Assim, a consequência da entrada de um novo vírus, como MAYV, no ambiente urbano brasileiro pode gerar um cenário epidemiológico preocupante, especialmente devido à subnotificação de seus casos de infecções por MAYV, decorrente da semelhança clínica com o CHIKV. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a dinâmica de coinfecção (infecção do mosquito por mais de um vírus em um mesmo repasto sanguíneo) e superinfecção (infecção do mosquito por mais de um vírus em sucessivos repastos sanguíneos) por CHIKV e MAYV em Aedes aegypti de laboratório. Para isso, foram conduzidos experimentos de coinfecção envolvendo MAYV e CHIKV, bem como experimentos de superinfecção, tanto por MAYV quanto por CHIKV, por meio de infecções orais em mosquitos. As taxas de infecção (TI), disseminação (TD) e transmissão (TT) de ambos os vírus foram determinadas por RT-qPCR a partir da coleta e subsequente extração de RNA das amostras individuais de intestino, carcaça e saliva. Adicionalmente, a presença dos vírus na progênie das fêmeas infectadas oralmente nos ensaios de coinfecção e superinfecção também foi avaliada por RT-qPCR. O principal resultado do trabalho mostrou que CHIKV e MAYV podem ser transmitidos simultaneamente por Ae. aegypti em cenários de coinfecção, enquanto que em situações de superinfecção tanto por MAYV quanto por CHIKV, uma primeira infecção afeta a capacidade de transmissão do vírus adquirido posteriormente, evidenciando a ocorrência de interferência de replicação entre os vírus. Em relação à análise de transmissão vertical, não foram encontradas amostras positivas em nenhum dos grupos testados. Tais constatações têm implicações importantes para o planejamento de ações de saúde pública no país, enfatizando cenários complexos de cocirculação de arbovírus e os riscos epidemiológicos associados.The emergence and re-emergence of arboviruses are events associated with serious public health crises, often characterized by the simultaneous presence of different pathogens in the same region, such as what occurred in Brazil during the triple epidemics of Dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV) and Chikungunya (CHIKV) in 2015-2016. Within this current panorama of arboviral cocirculation, the Mayaro virus (MAYV) has been identified as an emerging potential in the urban region due to factors such as the notification of cases of MAYV infections in these regions, along with the wide circulation of potential vectors and the presence of susceptible hosts. Thus, the consequence of the entry of a new virus, such as MAYV, into the Brazilian urban area can generate a worrying epidemiological scenario, especially due to the underreporting of cases of MAYV infections, due to its clinical similarity with CHIKV. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the dynamics of coinfection (mosquito infection by more than one virus in the same blood meal) and superinfection (mosquito infection by more than one virus in successive blood meals) by CHIKV and MAYV in Aedes aegypti colony. To this end, coinfection experiments involving MAYV and CHIKV were conducted, as well as superinfection experiments, both by MAYV and CHIKV, through oral infections in mosquitoes. The infection (IR), dissemination (DR) and transmission (TR) rates of both viruses were determined by qRT-PCR from the collection and subsequent extraction of RNA from individual intestine, carcass and saliva samples. Additionally, the presence of viruses in the progeny of orally infected females in coinfection and superinfection assays was also evaluated by qRT-PCR. The main result of the work showed that CHIKV and MAYV can be transmitted simultaneously by Ae. aegypti in coinfection scenarios, while in situations of superinfection by both MAYV and CHIKV, a first infection affects the transmission capacity of the subsequently acquired virus, demonstrating the occurrence of replication interference between the viruses. Regarding vertical transmission analysis, no positive samples were found in any of the tested groups. Such findings have important implications for the planning of public health actions in the country, emphasizing complex arbovirus cocirculation scenarios and the associated epidemiological risks

Entomological assessment of hessian fabric transfluthrin vapour emanators as a means to protect against outdoor-biting Aedes after providing them to households for routine use in Port-au-Prince, Haiti

Produção científica do Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores (vigente até jan/2023).This research was primarily funded by the United States Agency for International Development through its Combating Zika and Future Threats: A Grand Challenge for Development scheme (Award number AID-OAA-F16-00095).Gerry F. Killeen was partially supported by an AXA Research Chair award, jointly funded by the AXA Research Fund and the College of Science, Engineering and Food Sciences at University College Cork.The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Open access publication was funded and facilitated through the ongoing agreement between PLoS and the IReL consortium of Irish research libraries.Background: A simple treated fabric device for passively emanating the volatile pyrethroid transfluthrin was recently developed in Tanzania that protected against nocturnal Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes for several months. Here these transfluthrin emanators were assessed in Port-au-Prince, Haiti against outdoor-biting Aedes. Methods: Transfluthrin emanators were distributed to participating households in poor-to-middle class urban neighbourhoods and evaluated once every two months in terms of their effects on human landing rates of wild Aedes populations. A series of three such entomological assessment experiments were conducted, to examine the influence of changing weather conditions, various transfluthrin formulations and emanator placement on protective efficacy measurements. Laboratory experiments assessed resistance of local Aedes aegypti to transfluthrin and deltamethrin, and the irritancy and repellency of the transfluthrin-treated fabric used in the field. Results: Across all three entomological field assessments, little evidence of protection against wild Ae. aegypti was observed, regardless of weather conditions, transfluthrin formulation or emanator placement: A generalized linear mixed model fitted to the pooled data from all three assessment rounds (921 females caught over 5129 hours) estimated a relative landing rate [95% Confidence interval] of 0.87 [0.73, 1.04] for users of treated versus untreated emanators (P = 0.1241). Wild Ae. aegypti in this setting were clearly resistant to transfluthrin when compared to a fully susceptible colony. Conclusions: Transfluthrin emanators had little if any apparent effect upon Aedes landing rates by wild Ae. aegypti in urban Haiti, and similar results have been obtained by comparable studies in Tanzania, Brazil and Peru. In stark contrast, however, parallel sociological assessments of perspectives among these same end-users in urban Haitian communities indicate strong satisfaction in terms of perceived protection against mosquitoes. It remains unclear why the results obtained from these complementary entomological and sociological assessments in Haiti differ so much, as do those from a similar set of studies in Brazil. It is encouraging, however, that similar contrasts between the entomological and epidemiological results of a recent large-scale assessment of another transfluthrin emanator product in Peru, which indicate they provide useful protection against Aedes-borne arboviral infections, despite apparently providing only modest protection against Aedes mosquito bites

Entre rios e miasmas: saúde, território e transformações no Vale do Macacu (1828-1877)

Esta tese tem por objetivo investigar a complexa relação entre as doenças epidêmicas, transformações territoriais e políticas de saúde pública na vila de Santo Antônio de Sá, interior da província do Rio de Janeiro, durante o século XIX. Este estudo se destaca pela sua abordagem multifacetada, que integra perspectivas da história ambiental, da saúde e das ciências para compreender como as epidemias de febre palustre e cólera afetaram não apenas a demografia e a economia local, mas também influenciaram mudanças significativas na organização social e territorial da região. No coração desta pesquisa está a análise de como as crises sanitárias desencadearam respostas complexas por parte dos habitantes e das autoridades locais, revelando uma dinâmica interação entre os fatores biológicos das doenças e os contextos sociopolíticos e ambientais em que surgiram. A tese examina as políticas de saúde pública adotadas, incluindo estratégias de saneamento e a criação de infraestruturas de saúde, e como essas respostas refletiram e moldaram as percepções e práticas médicas da época. O trabalho se baseia em um extenso conjunto de fontes documentais, que inclui relatórios governamentais, atas de comissões médicas, literatura médica da época, bem como jornais e outros periódicos. Esses documentos constituem uma base rica para a análise dos efeitos das epidemias e das abordagens adotadas para seu enfrentamento.Esta tese tem por objetivo investigar a complexa relação entre as doenças epidêmicas, transformações territoriais e políticas de saúde pública na vila de Santo Antônio de Sá, interior da província do Rio de Janeiro, durante o século XIX. Este estudo se destaca pela sua abordagem multifacetada, que integra perspectivas da história ambiental, da saúde e das ciências para compreender como as epidemias de febre palustre e cólera afetaram não apenas a demografia e a economia local, mas também influenciaram mudanças significativas na organização social e territorial da região. No coração desta pesquisa está a análise de como as crises sanitárias desencadearam respostas complexas por parte dos habitantes e das autoridades locais, revelando uma dinâmica interação entre os fatores biológicos das doenças e os contextos sociopolíticos e ambientais em que surgiram. A tese examina as políticas de saúde pública adotadas, incluindo estratégias de saneamento e a criação de infraestruturas de saúde, e como essas respostas refletiram e moldaram as percepções e práticas médicas da época. O trabalho se baseia em um extenso conjunto de fontes documentais, que inclui relatórios governamentais, atas de comissões médicas, literatura médica da época, bem como jornais e outros periódicos. Esses documentos constituem uma base rica para a análise dos efeitos das epidemias e das abordagens adotadas para seu enfrentamento

Detection of Hanseniaspora opuntiae in anovaginal samples of pregnant women in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a case report

Produção científica do Laboratório de Taxonomia, Bioquímica e Bioprospecção de Fungos.The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. The study was partially supported by a grant received from the State Funding Agency Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ - Grants: JCNE E-26/201.433/2021–Manoel Marques Evangelista de Oliveira) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq - Grant Proc. 409227/2016–1).In this study, we report the first isolation of Hanseniaspora opuntiae obtained from four pregnant women in Brazil. Clinical isolates were obtained from four samples taken between 35 and 37 gestational weeks, as part of the routine antenatal care for maternal colonization screening for Streptococcus agalactiae group B. The patients were immunocompetent, with two of them diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus. Species identification was performed by MALDI-TOF MS and rDNA sequencing. While Hanseniaspora species have not traditionally been considered a typical opportunist pathogen, our findings emphasize the importance of investigating and screening for Hanseniaspora in pregnant populations, highlighting H. opuntiae as a potential agent of human infections