Cambodia\u27s Pathway to Education 4.0

This research paper seeks to analyze an ongoing fourth industrial revolution and its implications for tertiary education. The paper starts with a brief review of the Industry 4.0 framework, highlighting its trajectory, features, and main attributes. As technological advancement, disruption, and automation of processes appear to be the undeniable hallmarks of Industry 4.0, the global economy is undergoing a significant transformation – thus creating new economic winners and losers, while dodging the conventional East-West, North-South geo-economic divide. With these changes occurring on an unprecedented scale, the limits of traditional tertiary education are being laid bare, revealing a growing mismatch between skills acquisition provided by public universities, and the skills required by businesses. Thus, this paper argues that Education 4.0 should not only be viewed as a necessary requirement for bridging the widening gap between industry and academia, it has become a critical interface for Industry 4.0, with its added focus on relevant and up-to-date acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes that are required in the workplace. The section of the paper which presents an analysis of Education 4.0’s implementation in Cambodia, proposes a course of action that the relevant stakeholders are compelled to take in order to allow tertiary education to carry out its predominant function: producing futureready graduates. In its conclusion, the research paper argues that given the magnitude of the ongoing industrial revolution, technological disruptions will only intensify in the future. Therefore, creating a set of comprehensive Education 4.0 policies will become a task of utmost urgency, which policy makers can no longer ignore

Transparency and Corporate Reporting in Cambodia: A Compendium Approach

In recent years there has been much fiddling with accounting and financial reporting standards. Studies have shown that investors and analysts across the globe suggest that current reporting models are too backward-looking and compliance-driven and are not conveying the necessary information investors and analysts need. This has been the basis of the debate surrounding the reporting model and the reason behind the increasing demand for more transparent reporting to better explain the quality and sustainability of business performance. Sustainability is becoming more important for all companies, across all industries. Sustainability is a business approach to creating long-term value by taking into consideration how a given organization operates in the ecological, social and economic environment. Sustainability is built on the assumption that developing such strategies would foster company longevity. Sustainability reporting offers a mechanism to support the creation of a more commercially attractive and differentiated picture of the business which can lead to better investor understanding and improved stakeholder relationships. Furthermore, the underlying process necessary to produce this information can also enhance Board effectiveness and improve governance. The objective of this paper is to collect relevant literature on sustainability reporting, regulations and sustainability practices across businesses in Cambodia

The Relationship of Internal Audit and Risk Management: The Impact of Turbull Factors

This research aims to find the relationship between internal audit and factors as specified by Turbull, namely, organizational changes, internal control failings, unexplained/unacceptable events, scale, diversity and complexity of activities and risk exposure. In addition, this research also looks at any relationship between internal audit and being public-listed. The results from this research indicates that there is a relationship between having an internal audit function and being public-listed as well as the scale, diversity and complexity of activities. However, this research finds no relationship between internal audit and organizational changes, internal control failings, unexplained/unacceptable events and risk exposure. The reasons why these deviates from corporate governance best practices are then explained. This research used convenience sampling, Chi-Square analysis and nominal data

ASEAN’s Dilemma: China and Its South China Sea’s Stance

This research paper attempts to analyze the ongoing territorial disputes between China and various ASEAN countries occurring in the South China Sea, and it highlights detrimental effects of these disputes on the political and military stability of the ASEAN region. The paper contends that China’s military excursion into the southern part of the South China Sea, which occurred earlier this year, appears to be in symbiosis with its increased economic influence over the ASEAN region. Although numerous political and military threats have directly contributed to the creation of ASEAN, the unparalleled economic rise of China spanning the past four decades in general, and China’s remodeling into the single largest trading partner of ASEAN over the past decade in particular, have presented ASEAN with both a unique security challenge as well as an inescapable economic dilemma: How to defend the regional bloc’s territorial integrity without upsetting its strategic economic partner? The paper also indicates that China’s assertive behavior with regard to the South China Sea territorial disputes will only intensify in the post-pandemic environment, emboldened by the enormous economic ties it has constructed with its Southeast Asian partners. Lastly, the paper argues that ASEAN’s sole prospect of defending its territorial integrity in the South China Sea depends on the ability of its member states to find a unified stance over this issue. This, however, will not be feasible without seeking a deeper integration among ASEAN countries. The paper relies primarily on historical, comparative political, economic, and military analysis

Understanding Cambodia’s Weak Decentralization: From A Textual Approach

This short article revisits what existed in the legal framework in the first few years when Cambodia was starting to experience decentralization. By using six components to evaluate the degree of “political decentralization”—constitutional guarantee, local elections, recall, popular participation, sphere of local power, and the central-local separation of functions—this review reveals that decentralization in Cambodia was not meant to become strong

Applying Value-at-Risk on A Portfolio Investment in The Cambodia Securities Exchange

Value-at-Risk (VaR) is a very famous and popular model which has been widely used to measure the potential exposure of the value of loss of an underlying asset or an investment portfolio at a certain confidence level and holding period. The main objective of this paper is the implement all of the three approaches applicable to estimate VaR namely non-parametric, parametric, and Monte-Carlo simulation VaR on the synthetic investment portfolio which consists of HKL’s bond and five stocks listing and trading in CSX besides the securities the portfolio also includes the FX and commodity, such as, gold and crude oil. At the position date the initial market value of this portfolio is KHR 591,514,539. With the confidence level of 95% and the holding period of 1 day VaR is KHR 6,198,453, KHR 5,523,467 and KHR 5,354,189 estimated by the non-parametric, parametric and Monte-Carlo simulation respectively. This research also indicates that the non-parametric VaR is very simple to implement; therefore, this approach is highly recommended for the investors who intention is the estimate the risk exposure of the value of the assets or portfolio. On the other, the parametric and Monte-Carlo simulation approaches, which is perceivably more difficult than the non-parametric, are highly recommended for the study which intention is to seek high accuracy

SMEs in Cambodia

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) drive industrial progress, improve an economy’s ability to deal with shocks and are recognized as breeding grounds of innovation which is a crucial part of the Cambodian economy, contributing to both economic and social development. SMEs play an important role in: (i) creating jobs (ii) generating income for low-income people and vulnerable populations, and (iii) fostering economic growth, social stability, and contributing to the growth of a dynamic private sector. This paper focus on the production issues only where it aims to find factors affecting the growth of SMEs, that are divided into three folds such as technology, labor force, and capital. The research will employ the grounded theory as methodology. However, SMEs have many challenges. Access to finance is still the main issue while SMEs bank has been established. Technical knowledge and skills are the main issues for labor including migration problems. Technology updated is still limited for growing SMEs