Developing metalinguistic awareness through pedagogical translanguaging: an introspective study in the Basque Country

Publicado: 2025-12-11This study explored how a pedagogical intervention based on Core Academic Language Skills (CALS) and pedagogical translanguaging influences metalinguistic awareness development in the first grade of secondary education. The research involved multilingual students from the Basque Country, enrolled in an immersion model where Basque was the main language of instruction, while Spanish and English were taught as language subjects. The intervention included six teaching units on mathematics and science, delivered in Basque, Spanish, and English. Students worked with expository texts and CALS in each language, fostering comparisons between them through pedagogical translanguaging. To assess metalinguistic awareness, Think-Aloud Protocols (TAP) were conducted. In this task, students translated words from Basque to Spanish and reflected aloud on their mental processes. The results indicated a statistically significant improvement in metalinguistic awareness after the intervention, where students reported higher levels of metalinguistic reflection, particularly in advanced metalinguistic awareness levels such as Meta-Awareness (MA) or Underlying Rule (UR).This work was supported by the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of the Government of Spain [grant number FPU19/00414]. Open access funding provided by Universidad Pública de Navarra

Enter Ftatateeta: name symbolism in Bernard Shaw's Caesar and Cleopatra

This study explores the symbolism behind the name Ftatateeta, one of the characters in Bernard Shaw's Caesar and Cleopatra (1899). This character, one of Shaw's creations for the play, has a name that is both aurally salient and evocative of sartorial materials (i.e., tuftaffeta, taffeta). This symbolic name, in turn, goes hand in hand with the character's discourse and behaviour, as well as with her role as a stock character

Multidimensional outcome of first-episode psychosis: a network analysis

Background Few studies have examined the long-term outcomes of first-episode psychosis (FEP) among patients beyond symptomatic and functional remission. This study aimed to broaden the scope of outcome indicators by examining the relationships between 12 outcomes of FEP patients at 20.9 years after their initial diagnosis. Methods At follow-up, 220 out of 550 original patients underwent a new assessment. Twelve outcomes were assessed via semistructured interviews and complementary scales: symptom severity, functional impairment, personal recovery, social disadvantage, physical health, number of suicide attempts, number of episodes, current drug use, dose-years of antipsychotics (DYAps), cognitive impairment, motor abnormalities, and DSM-5 final diagnosis. The relationships between these outcome measures were investigated using Spearman's correlation analysis and exploratory factor analysis, while the specific connections between outcomes were ascertained using network analysis. Results The outcomes were significantly correlated; specifically, symptom severity, functioning, and personal recovery showed the strongest correlations. Exploratory factor analysis of the 12 outcomes revealed two factors, with 11 of the 12 outcomes loading on the first factor. Network analysis revealed that symptom severity, functioning, social disadvantage, diagnosis, cognitive impairment, DYAps, and number of episodes were the most interconnected outcomes. Conclusion Network analysis provided new insights into the heterogeneity between outcomes among patients with FEP. By considering outcomes beyond symptom severity, the rich net of interconnections elucidated herein can facilitate the development of interventions that target potentially modifiable outcomes and generalize their impact on the most interconnected outcomes.Funding for the study came from the Gobierno de Navarra (grants 31/17 and 41/18), Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad de España (grants PI16/02148 and 19/01698), and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (grant RD21/0009/0001)

The psychometric properties of the mental health continuum-short form (MHC-SF) for Ecuadorian teenagers

Acceso cerrado a este documento. No se encuentra disponible para la consulta pública. Depositado en Academica-e para cumplir con los requisitos de evaluación y acreditación académica del autor/a (sexenios, acreditaciones, etc.).The aim of this study is to find evidence of factorial validity, measure equivalence by gender, and internal consistency of the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) in a sample of Ecuadorian teenagers. The study uses a psychometric design to explore the validity and reliability of the measure. Participants of the study were 1154 teenagers between 14 and 19 years of age (mean = 15.69 years; sd = 1.06). In total, 67.7% of participants were women and 32.3% were men. Participants came from 21 cities across Ecuador. This study found that the most appropriate fit for the factorial structure of the MHC-SF is a hierarchical factorial structure with three first-order factors and one second-order factor. The questionnaire presented strict measure invariance amongst women and men and showed differences (p < 0.05) for the latent variables related to the emotional well-being factor. Additionally, the study found that the MHC-SF has high internal consistency. The MHC-SF is a valid measure to evaluate the well-being of Ecuadorian teenagers

Hacia una organización educativa democrática. Aplicaciones del aprendizaje-servicio con miras a promover su institucionalización en Paraguay

El Aprendizaje-Servicio (ApS) es una metodología educativa que integra el aprendizaje académico con el servicio comunitario, promoviendo el desarrollo integral del alumnado a través de su participación activa en la resolución de problemas reales, por lo que esta tesis investiga sus aplicaciones en el contexto español y de otros países, con la intención de adaptar e implementarlas en el contexto paraguayo. La investigación tiene como objetivo principal proponer la metodología de Aprendizaje-Servicio a instituciones educativas del Paraguay, para que a través de ella se impulsen el aprendizaje y las competencias ciudadanas, fomentando su institucionalización en el sistema educativo paraguayo. Esto a partir de sus objetivos específicos a los cuales se da una respuesta a partir de una metodología mixta que combina el análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo. En lo que refiere al enfoque cualitativo, se realiza una revisión documental exhaustiva de la información disponible, que permite describir los antecedentes del ApS en España y en otros países y explorar sus proyectos implementados. Este estudio se realiza a partir de un pretest-postest con la intención de dar respuesta a los objetivos relacionados a comprobar si el ApS genera cambios en el aprendizaje y en los hábitos del alumnado, midiendo su percepción. Los resultados revelan que el ApS genera cambios positivos en las competencias ciudadanas trabajadas en la intervención, como puede apreciarse en el caso de estudio realizado con el alumnado del Colegio Teniente Vicente Amarilla de Cerro Pinto. 12 A través de esta investigación, se concluye que la adopción e institucionalización del ApS puede fortalecer el sistema educativo paraguayo y contribuir al desarrollo sostenible del país, para lo cual se presenta una propuesta con el fin de implementar el ApS adaptados a las necesidades de las comunidades paraguayas.Service-Learning (SL) is an educational methodology that integrates academic learning with community service, promoting the integral development of students through their active participation in solving real problems. Therefore, this thesis investigates its applications in the Spanish context and in other countries, with the intention of adapting and implementing them in the Paraguayan context. The main objective of this research is to propose the SL methodology to educational institutions in Paraguay, so that through it, learning and civic competences are promoted, encouraging their institutionalization in the Paraguayan educational system. This is based on its specific objectives, which are answered using a mixed methodology that combines quantitative and qualitative analysis. As regards the qualitative approach, an exhaustive documentary review of the available information is carried out, which allows us to describe the background of SL in Spain and in other countries and to explore the implemented projects. This study is carried out from a pretest-posttest with the intention of responding to the objectives related to checking whether SL generates changes in the learning and habits of students, measuring their perception. The results reveal that ApS generates positive changes in the civic skills worked on in the intervention, as can be seen in the case study carried out with the students of the Teniente Vicente Amarilla School in Cerro Pinto. Through this research, it is concluded that the adoption and institutionalization of SL can strengthen the Paraguayan educational system and contribute to the 14 sustainable development of the country, for which a proposal is presented in order to implement SL adapted to the needs of Paraguayan communities.Programa de Doctorado en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales (RD 99/2011)Giza eta Gizarte Zientzietako Doktoretza Programa (ED 99/2011

Effects of ozonation on the physicochemical properties and antimicrobial activity of virgin and pomace olive oils

Ozonated olive oils are recognized for their remarkable antimicrobial properties. The reaction between ozone (O3) and unsaturated fatty acids leads to the formation of bactericidal compounds (ozonides, aldehydes, and peroxides) with valuable applications. This study represents the first comprehensive investigation into the effects of a wide range of ozone exposure durations (from 0 to 48 h) on the physicochemical properties and antimicrobial activity of both virgin olive oil (VOO) and pomace olive oil (POO), along with a thorough statistical analysis of the correlation between ozone dose and these parameters. The physicochemical indicators, including fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) composition, peroxide index, acidity index, iodine value, and viscosity, were measured at ozonation doses ranging from 0 to 1 mol O3. Significant changes were observed with increasing ozonation time, including a 69% and 46% reduction in oleic acid content, as well as increased peroxide values of 1255.2 mEq O₂/kg and 1878.8 mEq O₂/kg for VOO and POO, respectively. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Escherichia coli (STCC 45), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (STCC 109), and Staphylococcus aureus (STCC 239), with the highest inhibition observed against S. aureus (22.68 mm with POO at 48 h and 1 mol O3). PCA analysis identified three groups: low ozone doses (0–0.08 mol O₃) associated with higher iodine values; intermediate doses (0.16–0.5 mol O₃) linked to increased peroxide, acidity, viscosity, and antimicrobial activity; while high doses (1 mol O₃) provided no further benefits, suggesting that moderate doses are sufficient for effective antimicrobial activity. These findings highlight the potential of ozonated olive oils for novel applications in the food industry.This research work was financially supported by the Government of Navarre (Spain) in the framework of the PROMETEA project (0011-1411-2022-000024) We would like to thank Biosasun Ltd. for providing the olive oils used in this study, and also the open access funding provided by the Public University of Navarre (UPNA)

Drought limits tree growth more than greenness and reproduction: insights from five case studies in Spain

Droughts impact forests by influencing various processes such as canopy greenness, tree growth, and reproduction, but most studies have only examined a few of these processes. More comprehensive assessments of forest responses to climate variability and water shortages are needed to improve forecasts of post-drought dynamics. Iberian forests are well-suited for evaluating these effects because they experience diverse climatic conditions and are dominated by various conifer and broadleaf species, many of which exhibit masting. We assessed how greenness, evaluated using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), tree radial growth, and seed or cone production responded to drought in five tree species (three conifers: silver fir (Abies alba), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), and stone pine (Pinus pinea); two broadleaves: European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and holm oak (Quercus ilex) inhabiting sites with different aridity. We correlated these data with the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) using the climate window analysis (climwin) package, which identifies the most relevant climate window. Drought constrained growth more than greenness and seed or cone production. Dry conditions led to high seed or cone production in species found in cool, moist sites (silver fir, beech, and Scots pine). We also found negative associations of cone production with summer SPEI in the drought-tolerant stone pine, which showed lagged growth−cone negative correlations. However, in the seasonally dry holm oak forests, severe droughts constrained both growth and acorn production, leading to a positive correlation between these variables. Drought impacts on greenness, growth, seed, and cone production depended on species phenology and site aridity. A negative correlation between growth and reproduction does not necessarily indicate trade-offs, as both may be influenced by similar climatic factors.This research was funded by the Science and Innovation Ministry of Spain (projects AGL2012-33465, AGL2016-76463-P, PID2021-123675OB-C43, and TED2021-129770B-C21). ARC acknowledges support by Margarita Salas postdoctoral fellowship (reference RCMS-22-G1T6IW-17-NLHJ80) of the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

Novel FKBP prolyl isomerase 1A (FKBP12) ligand promotes functional improvement in SOD1G93A amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) mice

Background and Purpose: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neu-rodegenerative disease with limited treatment options. ALS pathogenesis involvesintricate processes within motor neurons, characterized by dysregulated Ca 2+ influxand buffering in early ALS-affected motor neurones. This study proposes the modu-lation of ryanodine receptors (RyRs), key mediators of intracellular Ca 2+, as a thera-peutic target.Experimental Approach: A novel class of novel FKBP12 ligands that show activityas cytosolic calcium modulators through stabilizing RyR channel activity, weretested in the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) G93A mouse model of ALS. Differentoutcomes were used to assess treatment efficacy, including electrophysiology, his-topathology, neuromuscular function and survival.Key Results: Among the novel FKBP12 ligands, MP-010 was chosen for its centralnervous system availability and favourable in vitro pharmaco-toxicological profile.Chronic administration of MP-010 to SOD1 G93A mice produced preservation ofmotor nerve conduction, with the 61-mg kg 1 dose significantly delaying the onsetof motor impairment. This was accompanied by improved motor coordination,increased innervated endplates and significant preservation of motor neurones inthe spinal cord of treated mice. Notably, MP-010 treatment significantly extendedlifespan by an average of 10 days compared to vehicle.Conclusions and Implications: FKBP12 ligands, particularly MP-010, exhibit prom-ising neuroprotective effects in ALS, highlighting their potential as novel therapeuticagents. Further investigations into the molecular mechanisms and clinical translat-ability of these compounds are needed for their application in ALS treatment.This work was funded by project CIBER-CALSPI2020/08-1, Grants CB06/05/1105 and CB06/05/0041 from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III of Spain, Grants PID2022-140354OB-I00 and PID2020-119780RB-100 from the Agencia Estatal de Investigación, co-funded by European Union (NextGenerationEU, Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan), and Grant IT1732-22 from the Basque Government - Eusko Jaurlaritza. F. J. G.-B. was funded byFundacion Roche Stop Fuga de Cerebros programme (BIO19/ROCHE/017/BD) and received support from the IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science (IKERBASQUE/PP/2022/003). L. M.-M. holds a PhD fellowship from the Euskal Herriko Univertsitatea (UPV/EHU) (PIF19/184). Open access funding provided by Universidad Pública de Navarra

Compression and torsion testing for elastic moduli and Poisson's ratio characterization in silicone rubber samples with varying shape factors

Elastomeric materials, such as silicone rubber, are widely used in engineering applications due to their high deformability and viscoelastic properties. Under quasistatic regime and small deformations their behavior can be considered purely elastic and can be characterized by the elastic modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio, which are interrelated in isotropic materials. Although standard methodologies exist for determining these properties, experimental measurements are known to be affected by the geometry of the tested samples. The influence of sample geometry on compressive modulus measurements is well understood, however, its effect on shear modulus measurements is less explored. This study investigates how the dimensions of cylindrical samples influence the experimental determination of both the compressive and shear moduli and, consequently, Poisson's ratio. Compression and torsion tests are performed on silicone rubber samples of varying diameters and lengths using a dynamic mechanical analyzer and a rheometer respectively. The results confirm that both the compressive and shear moduli are affected by sample geometry, leading to unrealistic values of Poisson's ratio. To account for these effects, a correction model is proposed for shear modulus measurements, complementing existing corrections for compressive tests. The model successfully describes experimental trends and provides a more reliable estimation of Poisson's ratio, aligning with theoretical expectations for nearly incompressible elastomers. These findings emphasize the importance of considering geometric effects in compressive and torsion tests and provide a framework for improving the accuracy of mechanical characterization in elastomeric materials.This research has been supported by the University of Deusto Research Training Grants Program (grant reference number FPI UD_2023_07) and the Department of Education for the Research Group program IT1507-22

Dispositivos portátiles: ¿pueden revolucionar la detección rápida de drogas en sumisión química?

La sumisión química es un delito que implica el empleo de sustancias para manipular a las víctimas, particularmente en agresiones sexuales, robos o fraudes. Dada la creciente incidencia e inquietud por este hecho, ha aumentado la necesidad de contar con métodos rápidos, precisos y accesibles para detectar drogas en bebidas. Este trabajo compara las técnicas tradicionales de laboratorio con dispositivos portátiles analíticos —dispositivos de papel, sensores electroquímicos, ensayos colorimétricos…— que ofrecen ventajas en términos de rapidez, coste y accesibilidad. La metodología incluye una revisión bibliográfica basada en una pregunta PICO, utilizando bases de datos como Pubmed y Scopus. Los resultados muestran que los dispositivos portátiles facilitan una identificación más rápida y eficiente en comparación con las técnicas de laboratorio, aunque aún poseen ciertas limitaciones (interferencias, estabilidad…). Además, su integración con bases de datos forenses y el uso de algoritmos de aprendizaje automático mejoran la recolección de información, la precisión en la identificación de drogas y el apoyo a las víctimas. No obstante, su implementación a gran escala enfrenta desafíos éticos y legales, concretamente en relación con la protección y privacidad de los datos. La investigación futura para mejorar el rendimiento tecnológico de los dispositivos portátiles mediante el uso de nanotecnología y biosensores, y el establecimiento de un marco regulatorio preciso son cruciales para su incorporación efectiva en el ámbito forense y clínico.Mendekotasun kimikoa biktimak manipulatzeko substantziak erabiltzea dakarren delitua da, bereziki sexu-erasoetan, lapurretetan edo iruzurretan. Gertakari horrek gero eta eragin eta kezka handiagoa duenez, handitu egin da edarietan drogak detektatzeko metodo azkar, zehatz eta eskuragarriak izateko beharra. Lan honek laborategiko teknika tradizionalak konparatzen ditu gailu eramangarri analitikoekin (paperezko gailuak, sentsore elektrokimikoak, saiakuntza kolorimetrikoak...), azkartasunari, kostuari eta irisgarritasunari dagokienez abantailak eskaintzen baitituzte. Metodologiak PICO galdera batean oinarritutako berrikuspen bibliografikoa barne hartzen du, Pubmed eta Scopus bezalako datu-baseak erabiliz. Emaitzek erakusten dute gailu eramangarriek errazago identifikatzen dutela laborategiko teknikekin alderatuta, nahiz eta oraindik muga batzuk dituzten (interferentziak, egonkortasuna...). Gainera, datu-base forentseekin integratzeak eta ikaskuntza automatikoko algoritmoen erabilerak hobetu egiten dute informazioa biltzea, drogak identifikatzeko zehaztasuna eta biktimei laguntza ematea. Hala ere, eskala handian ezartzeak erronka etiko eta legalak ditu aurrez aurre, zehazki datuen babesari eta pribatutasunari dagokienez. Gailu eramangarrien errendimendu teknologikoa nanoteknologia eta biosentsoreak erabiliz hobetzeko etorkizuneko ikerketa eta esparru arautzaile zehatza ezartzea funtsezkoak dira auzitegi-arloan eta eremu klinikoan benetan sartzeko.Chemical submission is a crime that involves the use of substances to manipulate victims, particularly in sexual assault, theft or fraud. Given the growing incidence and concern surrounding this practice, there has been a growing need for rapid, accurate, and accessible methods to detect drugs in beverages. This study compares traditional laboratory techniques with portable analytical devices, such as paper-based devices, electrochemical sensors, or colorimetric assays, which offer advantages in terms of speed, cost, and accessibility. The methodology includes a literary review based on a PICO research question was performed using databases such as PubMed and Scopus. The results show that portable devices facilitate faster and more efficient identification compared to laboratory techniques, although they still have certain limitations (interference, stability...). Furthermore, their integration with forensic databases and the use of machine learning algorithms improve information collection, drug identification accuracy, and victim support. However, their large-scale implementation faces ethical and legal challenges, specifically related to data protection and privacy. Future research to improve the technological performance of wearable devices through the use of nanotechnology and biosensors, and the establishment of a precise regulatory framework, are crucial for their effective incorporation into forensic and clinical settings.Graduado o Graduada en Medicina por la Universidad Pública de NavarraMedikuntzan graduatua Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa