Protection coordination of the 10(20) kV grid connection of a biomass power plant with variable self-consumption

U ovom radu analizirana je elektrana na biomasu maksimalne izlazne djelatne snage 4,6 MW. Izrađena je koordinacija zaštite priključka elektrane te okolne distribucijske mreže kojoj se mijenjaju postavke zaštite zbog utjecaja elektrane. Teorijski su pojašnjeni načini detekcije različitih vrsta kvarova u mreži (kratki spoj, zemljospoj) te načini detekcije otočnog pogona. S pomoću parametara elektrane i razmatrane distribucijske mreže (transformatori, vodovi, opterećenja), u programskom paketu DIgSILENT PowerFactory 22 izrađen je simulacijski model. U simulacijskom modelu analiziraju se kratki spojevi gdje se dolazi do spoznaje o smjerovima te iznosima struja kratkog spoja. Analizom rezultata kratkih spojeva dolazi se do predloženih vrijednosti relejne zaštite koje moraju biti selektivno podešene. Kako bi se utvrdila ispravnost predloženih podešenja relejne zaštite, simuliraju se kvarovi na karakterističnim lokacijama uz prikaz tijeka promjene vrijednosti struja kratkog spoja i napona. Također, prikazane su I-t krivulje kako bi se mogla dokazati selektivnost relejne zaštite. Osim zaštite od kratkih spojeva, predložena je i zaštita elektrane od otočnog pogona, kojoj je također analizirano djelovanje.This paper analyzes the protection of the biomass power plant, with a rated active power of 4,6 MW. A protection coordination was conducted for the power plant connection and the surrounding distribution network, whose protection settings are influenced by the power plant’s integration. Theoretical explanations are provided for the detection methods of various types of faults in the network (short circuit, ground fault), as well as for islanding detection methods. Using the parameters of the power plant, along with those of the distribution network (transformers, lines, and loads), a simulation model was created in the DIgSILENT PowerFactory 22 software package. The model was used to perform short-circuit analyses, which provided insights into the direction and magnitude of fault currents. Based on the results, relay protection settings were defined, with an emphasis on selective coordination. To verify the correctness of these proposed relay protection settings, faults were simulated at characteristic locations, with a detailed display of the time-dependent value of fault currents and voltages. I-t characteristic curves were also presented to confirm the selectivity of the relay protection system. In addition to short-circuit protection, anti-islanding protection for the power plant was proposed and its operation analyzed

Application of KNX standards in IoT

U ovom radu istražene su mogućnosti integracije KNX standarda za automatizaciju zgrada s modernim arhitekturama Interneta stvari. KNX pruža profesionalniji pristup automatizaciji kuća i zgrada, dok je IoT jednostavniji i fleksibilniji za implementaciju. Kroz rad su objašnjene osnovne značajke i arhitekture Interneta stvari te funkcionalnosti i standardi koji definiraju KNX sustav. Kako bi se omogućila fleksibilnost KNX sustava, istražena je KNX IoT tehnologija koja pruža bežičnu komunikaciju i jednostavnu integraciju s drugim IoT rješenjima. Zaključak ovog rada je da obje tehnologije pružaju kvalitetne usluge ovisno o potrebama korisnika, a njihovom kombinacijom postiže se optimalna ravnoteža između stabilnosti sustava i jednostavnosti korištenja.This thesis explores the possibilities of integrating the KNX standard for building automation with modern Internet of Things architectures. KNX offers a more professional approach to home and building automation, while IoT solutions are simpler and more flexible to implement. The thesis explains the basic features and architectures of the Internet of Things, as well as the functionalities and standards that define the KNX system. In order to enable greater flexibility within KNX systems, KNX IoT technology was examined, which provides wireless communication and easier integration with other IoT solutions. The conclusion of this thesis is that both technologies offer valuable capabilities depending on user needs, and their combination achieves an optimal balance between system stability and ease of use

Racing against AI models in Unity

Korištenje Unity programa za pravljenje igara za razne platforme, i korištenje MLagents biblioteke koja omogućuje integraciju umjetne inteligencije i strojnog učenja u igre. Automobil predstavlja agenta na kojemu se trenira model za utrkivanje na raznim stazama. Modeliranje više staza u Blenderu, različitih kompleksnosti te uspoređivanje njihovih rezultata učenja.abstract: Using Unity, a game development platform for creating games on different platforms, along with ML-agents, a package that allows the integration of Artificial intelligence and machine learning in games. The car represents an agent on which a model is trained for racing on different tracks. Multiple tracks with different complexities are modeled in Blender and the performance of the car agent is analyzed and compared

Algorithm for solving logic puzzles nonogram in Python programming language

U ovome radu izrađen je algoritam za rješavanje Japanske logičke zagonetke „Nonogram“ u programskom jeziku Python. Zagonetka se rješava popunjavajući rešetku uz pomoću podataka danih u stupcima i redcima u obliku brojeva. Pri rješavanju nonograma koristeći ovoga algoritma, podaci za rješavanje nonograma u programu mogu se izvlačiti izravno iz pdf slike uvezene u program unosom samo dimenzija nonograma, i lokacije slike u terminal Visual Studio Code aplikacije, ili se mogu ručno unijeti u terminalu bez potrebe za slikom. Rješenje nonograma se generira u obliku nonogram rešetke u terminalu Visual Studio Code aplikacije. Ovaj program je vrlo koristan alat za početnike u rješavanju nonograma, ili ljude koji rješavaju nonograme na papiru. Uz pomoću njega ti ljudi mogu naučiti kako riješiti nonograme, i provjeriti svoja rješenja unošenjem osnovnih podataka u ovaj program.In this thesis, an algorithm for solving a Japanese logic puzzle „Nonogram“ using Python programming language was created. The puzzle is solved by filling the grid with the data given in the rows and the collumns of the grid in the shape of numbers. While solving the nonogram using this algorithm, data for solving the nonograms in the program can be directly extracted from the png photos inserted in the program, by only inputing the nonogram size, and the name of the photo in the terminal of the Visual Studio Code (VSC) application, or it could be manually inputed in the terminal. The solution of the nonogram is generated in a form of a grid in the terminal of Visual Studio Code application. This program is a very useful tool for the nonogram rookies, and people who like to solve their nonograms on the paper. With this program, those people can learn how to solve nonorams, and check their answers by inputing basic data into the program

Web application for keeping data on adopted dogs in the shelter

Cilj ovog diplomskog rada je izrada web aplikacije za vođenje podataka u azilima korištenjem Laravela, PHP okvira. Izrađena aplikacija omogućuje jednostavno dodavanje, brisanje i pregled pasa u azilima. Osim osnovnih funkcionalnosti aplikacija nudi filtriranje pasa prema karakteristikama, zdravstvenom statusu, pasmini, spolu te statusu udomljavanja. Implementiran je sustav za obavještavanje azila o zahtjevu za udomljavanjem te olakšanim procesom udomljavanja. Sama aplikacija stvorena je kako bi zaposlenicima azila omogućila lakše vođenje podataka, čime se briga o psima dodatno unaprijedila, a korisnicima za lakše pronalaženje idealnog psa.The aim of this thesis is to develop a web application for managing data in animal shelters using Laravel, a PHP framework. The application enables easy addition, deletion, and viewing of dogs within shelters. In addition to the basic functionalities, the application offers filtering of dogs based on characteristics, health status, breed, gender, and adoption status. A notification system has been implemented to alert the shelter about adoption requests, facilitating a smoother adoption process. The application is designed to help shelter staff manage data more efficiently, thereby enhancing the care of the dogs and making it easier for users to find the ideal dog

Development of a reinforcement learning method for video game playing

Ovaj diplomski rad bavi se razvojem metode podržanog učenja za samostalno igranje video igre izrađene pomoću Pygame biblioteke. Implementiran je Advantage Actor-Critic (A2C) algoritam. Cilj igre je preživjeti što duže, izbjegavati prepreke i prikupiti što veći broj bodova. Agent uči igrati igru metodom pokušaja i pogrešaka. U radu su detaljno opisane sve faze izrade, arhitektura i pravila igre, agentovo okruženje i ostvareni rezultati. Sustav je u potpunosti razvijen u programskom jeziku PythonThis thesis deals with the development of a reinforcement learning method for autonomous gameplay in a video game created using the Pygame library. The Advantage Actor-Critic (A2C) algorithm was implemented. The goal of the game is to survive as long as possible, avoid obstacles and achieve the highest possible score. The agent learns to play the game by trial and error. The thesis describes in detail all the development phases, the architecture and rules of the game, the agent's environment and the achieved results. The system is fully developed in the Python programming languag

Impact of the parameters of differential evolution on its efficiency

Ovaj rad bavi se istraživanjem diferencijalne evolucije, jednog od evolucijskih algoritama koji se pokazao vrlo učinkovit za probleme kontinuirane optimizacije. Rad uključuje analizu učinkovitosti algoritma diferencijalne evolucije pri različitim postavkama parametara. Parametri koje se postavljaju su veličina populacije, faktor skaliranja i stopa križanja. Detaljno su opisani parametri, te su navedene česte postavke istih. Opisuje se ostvareno programsko rješenje, te način rada samog rješenja. Eksperimentalna analiza provedena je na tri unimodalne i tri multimodalne funkcije, te su korištene dvije dimenzionalnosti u svrhu istraživanja ponašanja algoritma u rješavanju različitih problema. Analizirali su se rezultati, s posebnim fokusom na prosječne rezultate i standardne devijacije. Zaključno, rad pokazuje kako promjene u parametrima algoritma mogu utjecati na njegovu učinkovitost, te pruža smjernice o odabira postavki parametara ovisno o problemu.This thesis investigates differential evolution, one of the evolutionary algorithms that has proven highly effective for continuous optimization problems. The paper includes an analysis of the efficiency of the differential evolution algorithm under various parameter settings. The parameters considered are population size, scaling factor, and crossover rate. The parameters are described in detail, and common settings are provided. The implemented software solution is described, as well as its functionality. The experimental analysis was conducted on three unimodal and three multimodal functions, with two different dimensionalities, in order to explore the algorithm's behavior in solving various problems. The results were analyzed with a particular focus on average outcomes and standard deviations. In conclusion, the thesis demonstrates how changes in the algorithm's parameters can affect its efficiency, and provides guidelines for selecting parameter settings depending on the problem

Automated trap for rodents

Automatizirana zamka za glodavce Automatizirana zamka koja omogućuje sigurno hvatanje glodavaca bez ozljeđivanja. U ovom završnom radu je opisan postupak izrade, način funkcioniranja samog makete te kratak opis nastanka zamki kroz povijest. Potrebno je bilo napraviti prostor koji bi glodavcima dopuštao prolaz u jednome smjeru te mjesto u koje bi ulazili i gdje bi se mjerila njihova masa. Glavne komponente na maketi su ESP-32 mikroupravljač i mjerna ćelija mase koje daju informacije korisniku. Uz to je realizirana aplikacija za praćenje stanja zamki iz drugih prostorija. Na kraju rada prikazani su rezultati različitih masa dobiveni testiranjem dječjih kuglica te prijedlozi za poboljšanje same makete.Automated rodent trap An automated trap that allows for safe trapping of rodents without injury. This final paper describes the manufacturing process, the way the project itself works, and a brief description of the origin of traps throughout history. It was necessary to create a space that would allow rodents to pass in one direction, as well as a place where they would enter and where their weight would be measured. The main components of the project are the ESP-32 microcontroller and a measuring cell that provide information to the user. In addition, an application was created for monitoring the status of the traps from other rooms. At the end of the paper, the results of different weights obtained by testing children's balls are presented, as well as suggestions for improving the project itself

Application of FAIR principles on measurement data

Problematika ovog rada je nedostatak standardiziranih postupaka koji bi omogućili da mjeriteljski podaci budu lako pronalažljivi, dostupni, interoperabilni i ponovno upotrebljivi što često rezultira gubitkom vrijednih informacija, otežanom suradnjom i smanjenom učinkovitošću istraživanja. Kao smjernice za rješavanje ovog problema, rad detaljno prikazuje FAIR načela te opisuje korake FAIRifikacije podataka: od planiranja i strukturiranja podataka, izrade bogatih metapodataka, dodjele trajnih identifikatora i definiranja licenci, do objave u pouzdanim repozitorijima. Prikazana je primjena FAIR načela na laboratorijskom podatkovnom setu. Proveden je postupak FAIRifikacije, izrađeni su metapodaci i testirana je usklađenost putem alata F-UJI. Utvrđeno je da je za postizanje potpune FAIR kompatibilnosti nužno objaviti podatke u javnom repozitoriju s trajnim identifikatorom te koristiti standardizirane rječnike i formate. Radom se zaključuje da implementacija FAIR načela značajno povećava vrijednost, transparentnost i upotrebljivost mjernih podataka te predstavlja ključan korak prema otvorenoj i digitaliziranoj znanosti.The problem of this work is the lack of standardized procedures that would enable easy findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability of measurement data, which often results in the loss of valuable information, hindered collaboration, and reduced research efficiency. As guidelines for solving this problem, the paper presents the FAIR principles in detail and describes the steps of data FAIRification: from planning and structuring data, creating rich metadata, assigning persistent identifiers, and defining licenses, to publishing in trusted repositories. The application of the FAIR principles to a laboratory dataset is presented. The FAIRification process was carried out, metadata were created, and compliance was tested using the F-UJI tool. It was determined that, to achieve full FAIR compatibility, it is necessary to publish data in a public repository with a persistent identifier and to use standardized vocabularies and formats. The paper concludes that the implementation of the FAIR principles significantly increases the value, transparency, and usability of measurement data and represents a key step towards open and digitized science

Automation of the CIP system for cleaning the pomace filter in the brewery

U diplomskom radu prikazan je razvoj automatiziranog CIP sustava za čišćenje filtra komine u pivovari. Sustav je realiziran u Braumat i TIA Portal okruženju te obuhvaća više faza čišćenja s nadzorom ključnih procesnih parametara. Simulacijskim modelom ispitani su odzivi sustava pri različitim postavkama regulatora, pri čemu semijenjalo proporcionalno pojačanje PI regulatora u svrhu promatranja brzina odziva, oscilacija i stablinosti. Tako je potvrđena učinkovitost automatizacije u postizanju stabilnog i pouzdanog procesa što se očituje kroz smanjeno vrijeme stabilizacije protoka i precizno održavanje zadane razine uz minimalna odstupanja. Također, automatizacija smanjuje mogućnost ljudske pogreške, osigurava ponovljivost procesa i omogućuje njegovo testiranje kroz simulaciju bez potrebe za fizičkim sustavom.This thesis presents the development of an automated CIP system for cleaning the mash filter in a brewery. The system was implemented using Braumat and TIA Portal environments and includes several cleaning phases with monitoring of key process parameters. A simulation model was used to analyze system responses under different PI controller settings, specifically by varying the proportional gain to observe response speed, oscillations, and stability. The results confirmed the effectiveness of automation in achieving a stable and reliable cleaning process was confirmed through reduced flow stabilization time and accurate maintenance of the target level with minimal deviations. Furthermore, automation reduces the likelihood of human error, ensures process repeatability, and enables testing through simulation without the need for a physical system