Gizarte-zerbitzuen oinarriak

95 p1. Gizarte-zerbitzuen kontzeptua eta izaera 1.1. Giza eta gizarte-beharrizanak 1.2. Gizarte-beharrizanei emandako erantzunak 1.3. Kontzeptuak zehaztuz: gizarte-zerbitzuak eta gizarte-langintza 1.4. Gizarte-zerbitzuak hurbileko kontzeptuen artean kokatuz 1.5. Genero-ikuspegia 2. Gizarte-babesa historian zehar 2.1. Gizarte-ekintza Antzinaroan 2.2. Gizarte-ekintza Erdi Aroan 2.3. Gizarte-ekintza Aro Modernoan 2.4. Gizarte-ekintza xviii. mendean: Ilustrazioa 3. Estatuaren ardura eta esku-hartze progresiboa gizarte-arazoetan 3.1. Pentsamendu eta joera berriak xix. mendean 3.2. xix. mendea Espainian: ongintza 3.3. Gizarte-ekintza xx. mendean Espainian 4. Ongizate-estatua eta gizarte-eskubideak 4.1. Gizarte-eskubideak eraikiz 4.2. Ongizate-estatuaren sorrera eta izaera 4.3. Ongizatea antolatu nahian 4.4. Ongizate-estatuaren ezkutuko hitzarmena 4.5. Ongizate-estatuaren krisia 5. Gizarte-zerbitzuen sistema 5.1. Gizarte-zerbitzuen sorrera eta bilakaera Espainiako estatuan 5.2. Gizarte-zerbitzuen definizio baterantz 5.3. Gizarte-zerbitzuen objektua, helburuak eta funtzioak 5.4. Gizarte-zerbitzu publikoen oinarrizko irizpideak 6. Gizarte-zerbitzuak jardunean 6.1. Gizarte-zerbitzuen hornitzaileak 6.2. Gizarte-zerbitzuen feminizazioa 6.3. Gizarte-zerbitzuen arreta-mailak 6.4. Gizarte-zerbitzuen prestazio motak 6.5. Esku-hartze ereduak 6.6. Gizarte-zerbitzuen arreta genero-ikuspegitik hausnartuta 6.7. Berdintasunerako politiketako estrategiak gizarte-zerbitzuetan 6.8. Gizarte-zerbitzuen egungo erronka

Clean vehicle ownership: Implications for effective policy interventions

The transport sector’s increasing greenhouse gas emissions pose a critical challenge to efforts to mitigate climate change. This paper examines the factors influencing electric and hybrid vehicle ownership in Spain, while assessing the effectiveness of the MOVES Plan, the primary policy designed to encourage their adoption. Using seldom available revealed preferences data from the 2021 Survey of Essential Characteristics of the Population and Housing (ECEPOV-21) and a mixed logit model, key determinants of clean vehicle ownership are identified, highlighting an access gap driven by factors such as income, education level, or urban residence. The joint analysis of these results and the MOVES Plan shows that the current structure of the subsidies disproportionately benefits wealthier, urban, and highly educated households. Policy implications are discussed, providing recommendations for refining the design of the subsidy to support a more equitable and widespread adoption of clean vehicles.The authors acknowledge financial support from MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 through Grants PID2020-113650RB-I00 and PID2023-147981OB-I00, the Basque Government through Grant IT1508-22 (UPV/EHU Econometrics Research Group) and the María de Maeztu Excellence Unit 2023-2027 Ref. CEX2021-001201-M, funded by ICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, and the Basque Government through the BERC 2022-2025 program. The authors also thank Clàudia Rodés-Bachs for her assistance with computational aspects of the simulation

Dyslexia: a window into the cortical mechanisms of adaptive speech analysis

Published online on 21st January, 2026.Atypical phonological processing is at the core of developmental dyslexia and is linked to aberrant tracking and analysis of auditory information in the cortex. Despite the importance of these mechanisms for speech processing and linguistic development, oral language comprehension in dyslexia remains largely intact. Recent findings suggest that dyslexia-linked atypical cortical processing patterns reflect both underlying deficits and compensatory strategies. This review synthesizes recent evidence linking atypical cortical tracking of auditory information in dyslexia, language development, and neurocognitive mechanisms of adaptive and resilient speech comprehension. We propose hemispheric rebalancing of linguistic analysis as a key compensatory mechanism in dyslexia, supported by interhemispheric connectivity within the distributed bilateral language network and greater reliance on lexico-semantic features during speech processing.A.K-G. acknowledges support from internal funding for pump-prime research from the University of Aberdeen and support and networking opportunities provided by Scottish Imaging Network: A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE). M.B. acknowledges support from the Cambridge Language Sciences Incubator funds and the Isaac Newton Trust. N.M. and M.L. acknowledge support from the Basque Government through the BERC 2022-2025 program, funded by the Spanish State Research Agency through BCBL Severo Ochoa excellence accreditation CEX2020-001010/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. N.M. acknowledges funding from the ERC Advanced Grant Cortical Rhythms and financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Grants PID2022-136991NB-I00, PCI2022-135031-2, and PDC2022-133917-I00) and the IKUR initiative. M.L. acknowledges funding from the ERC Consolidator Grant BIBALANCE and the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (PID2022-136989OB-I00)

Model linking for low-carbon transitions: Technical and conceptual challenges and best practices

Linking existing models to extend energy system and integrated assessment analysis is an increasingly common practice. Despite this, and unlike in the field of environmental and earth sciences, little attention has so far been paid to the details of it, to the trade-offs involved and the way in which the model linking affects the interpretation of the outcomes of the interlinked model system. Our aim in this paper is to first focus on a set of key technical and methodological problems that are common in model linking and suggest how these could be approached in different model linking contexts. We then further explore how model linking may affect the nature of the knowledge produced, and how this should be considered in the model linking process. Reflecting our literature driven assessment of the issues and possible solutions, we compile “a check list” to assist in the process of decision making for model linking.This research is funded by the Horizon Europe European Commission Project ‘IAM COMPACT’ (grant no. 101056306). Several of the authors have also been supported by other Horizon Europe European Commission Projects; ‘DIAMOND’ (grant no. 101081179), ‘EU-CHINA BRIDGE’ (grant no. 101137971), ENTICE (grant n. 101184775) and ‘TRANSIENCE’ (grant no. 101137606). AH was supported by the Climate Compatible Growth (CCG) program. CCG is funded by UK aid from the UK government. The views and opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors alone. We also thank the two reviewers for their careful reading of our paper, and for the constructive feedback they provided

Temperature and vector bending sensing with a supermode fiber Bragg grating

Due to their multiple advantages, single-mode fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are widely used in a myriad of practical sensing applications. However, their concurrent sensitivity to strain and temperature makes a reference sensor necessary in several situations. Here, we demonstrate that a single supermode FBG can be used to measure bending and temperature. A specially designed two coupled-core optical fiber (TCCF) that supports two supermodes was fabricated in which gratings were inscribed with femtosecond or ultraviolet lasers. The interrogation of the gratings was carried out with a conventional FBG sensor interrogator. It was found that the reflection spectrum of the supermode grating depended on its inscription in the TCCF. So, it was possible to fabricate samples in which the reflection spectra exhibited two narrow peaks very close to each other with well-defined Bragg wavelengths and reflectivities. Cross sensitivities and polarization effects on the devices were studied. It was found that two Bragg wavelengths and two reflectivities provided abundant data to measure bending of the TCCF, temperature, and to discriminate in which direction the TCCF was bent. Thus, we believe that the results reported here can pave the way for next-generation grating-based specialty optical fiber devices that are capable of multiparameter sensing. The results and approaches proposed here can also expand the use of Bragg grating technology.This work was funded in part through Projects PDC2022-133885-I00; PID2023-152763NB-I00; INNOFIBER PID2023-152314OB-I00, and SMARTMOORING Cetp-2022-00382, PCI2023-145987-2 funded by the Spanish MCIU/AEI /10.13039/501100011033 and the European Union Next Generation EU/PRTR, IT11452-22 funded by the Basque Government and P2022-06 funded by the EU Horizon2020 Actphast4R GA 825051. It is also partially supported by the Cátedra Chip Fotónico UPV TSI-0691002023-0002, and PROMETEO 2021/015 Research Excellency Award funded by the Generalitat Valenciana. M. Alonso-Murias acknowledges the support received from SECIHTI through the National Postdoctoral Stays Program (Grant No. 787628). The authors acknowledge Shrabya Shukla for her assistance in some experiments

Ariketa fisikoa erditze ostean: programa egoki baterako gidalerroak.

50 p. – Bibliogr.: p. 37-44[EUS] Lan honek ariketa fisikoaren garrantzia aztertzen du erditze osteko emakumeen errekuperazioan, ikuspegi integratzaile batetik. Erditze ostea emakumearentzat etapa konplexu bat da; izan ere, aldaketa fisiologiko, hormonal, anatomiko, egitural, eta emozional ugari jasaten ditu. Sarritan, amaren rola lehenetsi eta euren ongizatea bigarren planoan geratzen da, haien ongizate fisiko eta mentalari beharrezko arreta eman gabe, errekuperazio kaxkar bat izatera eraman dezakeena. Ikusi da ariketa fisikoak gorputzaren errekuperazioaz gain gogo aldartean eta autoestimuan eragin positiboa duela, osasun mentalean eragiten duten gaixotasunak prebenituz, hala nola erditze osteko depresioa. Gainera, ariketa fisikoaren bidez emakumeen ahalduntzea sustatzen da: gorputzarekiko harreman positiboa berreskuratzen dute, euren autonomia eta autoestimua indartuz. Taldean entrenatzeko aukera ere kontuan hartzen da, gizarte-babesa sendotzeko eta bakardadea murrizteko. Hori kontuan hartuta, lan honek ariketa fisiko egoki eta pertsonalizatu baten bidezko errekuperazioa bultzatu nahi du, emakumea bere gorputzaren jabe bihurtu eta osasuntsu egoteko. Horretarako, emakume baten profila aurkezten da, target espezifiko horretarako gidalerro batzuk sortuz. Programaren oinarria emakume bakoitzaren egoera ezagutzea denez ondoren bere beharretara egokitzeko, galdetegi eta proba ezberdinen bidez balorazio zehatz bat egin zaio, horren arabera faseka antolatutako entrenamendu progresiboak diseinatzeko. Proposatutako hiru faseetan zehar indarra (zoru pelbikoaren lanketa, COREa...), erresistentzia (HIIT eta LIIT) eta oreka (estatiko zein dinamikoa) modu seguruan eta egokian lantzen dira, gorputz funtzional eta osasuntsua berreskuratzeko. Horretarako FITT-PV printzipioan oinarritutako entrenamenduak proposatzen dira, atal bakoitzean nola lan egin behar den azalduz. Lan honek, beraz, ariketa fisikoa tresna gisa aurkezten du, emakumeen bizi-kalitatea, ongizate fisikoa eta emozionala modu integralean hobetzeko

Influencia de la motivación hacia el aprendizaje y la procrastinación en la dependencia a ChatGPT

En poco tiempo, las inteligencias artificiales generativas como ChatGPT se han convertido en herramientas de apoyo para el aprendizaje, transformando la forma en que muchos estudiantes afrontan las tareas académicas. Su inmediatez y accesibilidad las hacen especialmente atractivas frente a los recursos tradicionales, hasta el punto de que algunos estudiantes pueden desarrollar cierta dependencia a ellas. Este trabajo investiga el impacto de la motivación hacia el aprendizaje y la procrastinación en la dependencia a ChatGPT. 467 estudiantes universitarios del área de la Educación participaron completando una serie de escalas validadas para evaluar diferentes tipos de motivación definidas en la Teoría de la Autodeterminación (motivación extrínseca, intrínseca y amotivación), procrastinación y dependencia a ChatGPT. Los análisis de mediación mostraron que los estudiantes con menor motivación intrínseca (β = -.076; LI = -.121; LS = -.037) y mayor amotivación (β = .090; LI = .041; LS = .144) tendían a procrastinar con mayor frecuencia, siendo la procrastinación un factor clave que aumentaba la dependencia a ChatGPT. Además, el alumnado con alta motivación extrínseca (incluso sin la mediación de la procrastinación) resultó ser más propenso a desarrollar una mayor dependencia a ChatGPT (β = .122; p = .022). Estos hallazgos destacan la importancia de implementar estrategias que fomenten la motivación intrínseca y la autorregulación, ayudando a los estudiantes a utilizar adecuadamente las herramientas basadas en la IA generativa mientras desarrollan competencias esenciales que podrían estar en riesgo por el uso excesivo de estas herramientas, como el pensamiento crítico y la resolución de problemas

Disparities in ambient air pollution exposure among the U.S. population amid climate change

Air pollution and climate change remain critical environmental challenges. Using integrated modeling (global change analysis model [GCAM] and TM5-FASST), we assess future U.S. ambient air pollution (PM2.5 and O3) and exposure disparities under climate mitigation scenarios. Nationally, annual mean O3 declines from 58.3 ppbv in 2010 to 47.3–54.1 ppbv by 2050, and PM2.5 decreases from 6.5 μgm to −3 to 4.6–5.7 μgm−3 depending on scenario. Regional differences persist, with elevated O3 along the West Coast, Northeast, and Great Lakes, and PM2.5 hotspots above 12 μgm−3 in the eastern U.S. Sensitivity analysis shows socioeconomic pathways drive >90% of early-term pollutant reduction variance, but their contribution declines to about 70% by mid-century. Disparities narrow between white and Black communities but widen between white and Asian groups, reflecting urban exposure patterns. These results highlight the importance of both emission targets and structural socioeconomic choices in shaping future air quality and underscore the need for targeted equity-focused interventions.The author would like to thank the Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research (CGRER) Foundation for funding support. G.I. and N.G. are also affiliated with Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, which did not provide specific support for this paper. The views and opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors alone and do not necessarily state or reflect those of the affiliated organizations or the US Government, and no official endorsement should be inferred

Cultura y educación para todas las personas. Iniciativas desarrolladas desde el campus de Gipuzkoa de la Universidad del País Vasco

A iniciativa del Servicio de Cultura del Vicerrectorado del Campus de Gipuzkoa de la UPV/EHU se recogen en este libro algunos ejemplos de Trabajos de Fin de Grado en Pedagogía y Educación Social que tienen por objeto impulsar la educación y difundir la cultura entre y para todas las personas. Estos trabajos están claramente alineados con los propósitos que Naciones Unidas tiene definidos como prioridades de acción: inclusión, género, educación de calidad, alianzas, etc

Early Modern Creole and Iberian Ceramics in Cape Verde: Non-Destructive pXRF Analysis of 16th–18th Century Pottery from Santiago Island

Archaeological research on Santiago Island (Cape Verde) offers a strategic framework for investigating ceramic material culture shaped by Iberian and African interactions during the early modern period. This study presents first-stage results from a non-destructive archaeometric analysis of pottery fragments recovered from early colonial sites and curated at the Museu de Arqueologia in Praia. Using portable X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), low-fired, handmade vessels associated with African technological traditions were analysed to determine their elemental composition and potential provenance. The work also focused on sugar moulds, containers used in the refining of this product, one of the most important in Atlantic colonisation. The resulting geochemical data is compared with established reference groups from the Iberian Peninsula, Atlantic Africa, and Macaronesia. Elemental variability indicates the use of diverse clay sources and production techniques, reflecting hybrid technological practices shaped by cultural interaction and provisioning constraints. These results contribute to ongoing research within the CERIBAM (Iberian Atlantic Expansion in North Africa and Macaronesia) and Palarq-funded projects, which aim to reconstruct early colonial ceramic networks and sociotechnical dynamics. By integrating archaeometric data with archaeological and historical perspectives, this study aims to demonstrate the utility of non-invasive analytical protocols for understanding ceramic technology, intercultural exchange, and Atlantic material connectivity in early Creole formations while preserving the integrity of the collections.This research was conducted within the framework of the projects CERIBAM1 and CERIBAM2—Archaeology and Archaeometry of Iberian Expansionism in the Atlantic and Macaronesian Islands and the Americas (15th–16th Centuries): Ceramics, Technology, and Trade (PID2020-113198GB-I00 and PID2024-155871NB-I00), funded by MICIU/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) “A way of making Europe”, and Archaeology and Heritage in Cape Verde: Ribeira Grande (15th-18th Centuries) (FP23/47), funded by the Fundación Palarq