The Galaxy Activity, Torus, and Outflow Survey (GATOS). VII. The 20-214 <em>μ</em>m Imaging Atlas of Active Galactic Nuclei Using SOFIA

\ua9 2025. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. We present a 19.7-214 μm imaging atlas of local (4-181 Mpc; median 43 Mpc) active galactic nuclei (AGN) observed with FORCAST and HAWC+ on board the SOFIA telescope with angular resolutions ~3″-20″. This atlas comprises 22 Seyferts (17 Type 2 and five Type 1) with a total of 69 images, 41 of which have not been previously published. The AGN span a range of luminosities of log10(Lbol [erg s-1])=[42,46] with a median of log10(Lbol [erg s-1]) = 44.1 \ub1 1.0 . We provide the total fluxes of our sample using aperture photometry for point-source objects and a 2D Gaussian fitting for objects with extended host galaxy emission, which was used to estimate the unresolved nuclear component. Most galaxies in our sample are pointlike sources; however, four sources (Centaurus A, Circinus, NGC 1068, and NGC 4388) show extended emission in all wavelengths. The 30-40 μm extended emission in NGC 4388 is coincident with the narrow-line region at PA ~ 50\ub0, while the dusty extension at longer wavelengths arises from the host galaxy at PA ~ 90\ub0. Our new observations allow us to construct the best-sampled parsec-scales (spectral energy distributions, SEDs) available between 30 and 500 μm for a sample of nearby AGN. We estimate that the average peak wavelength of the nuclear SEDs is ~40 μm in νFν, which we associate with an unresolved extended dusty region heated by the AGN

Spatial Modelling Approaches for Estimating Richness of Benthic Invertebrates Throughout New Zealand Waters

\ua9 2025 The Author(s). Diversity and Distributions published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd. Aim: Understanding the distribution of marine biodiversity is critical for evidence-based identification of areas for protection and restoration. Taxonomic richness is a key, intuitive component of biodiversity and is often used to guide marine spatial planning and protection. In this study, we explore the relative merits of two spatial modelling approaches, stacked species distribution models (S-SDMs) and macro-ecological models (MEMs), for mapping the richness of benthic invertebrate taxa. Location: New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone. Methods: Two hundred and seven individual layers from SDMs of benthic invertebrate genera were pooled from an existing database and stacked to create a single genera richness layer. The same occurrence data used to develop the SDMs, comprising over 120k occurrences, was used to fit MEMs using an ensemble modelling approach. Results: The S-SDM layer performed poorly when validated against a database of observed genera richness, while the MEM approach performed well. While there were some consistencies in the areas predicted as high richness, substantial differences between the methods were also apparent, with the MEM seemingly better able to discern nuanced, fine-scale patterns in richness. Areas of high richness predicted by the MEM include parts of the Chatham Rise, a large component of the sub-Antarctic region, continental-shelf and coastal habitat in the south of the South Island, the north-east coast of the North Island, around East Cape and the Kermadec, Lau-Colville and Macquarie Ridges. Main Conclusions: Spatial and catchability biases in the underlying occurrence data may contribute to the poor performance of the S-SDM and suggest the approach may not be appropriate when using occurrence datasets with limited systematic sampling. The predictions from the MEM provide the best available information for the distribution of benthic invertebrate richness for New Zealand waters and thus offer important information for current and future marine spatial planning processes

<em>Ex vivo</em> T-lymphopoiesis assays assisting corrective treatment choice for genetically undefined T-lymphocytopenia

\ua9 2025 The Authors. Persistent selective T-lymphocytopenia is found both in SCID and congenital athymia. Without molecular diagnosis, it is challenging to determine whether HCT or thymus transplantation ought to be performed. Ex vivo T-lymphopoiesis assays have been proposed to assist clinical decision-making for genetically undefined patients. We investigated 20 T-lymphocytopenic patients, including 13 patients awaiting first-line treatment and 7 patients with failed immune reconstitution after previous HCT or thymus transplantation. Whilst developmental blocks in ex vivo T-lymphopoiesis indicated hematopoietic cell-intrinsic defects, successful T-lymphocyte differentiation required careful interpretation, in conjunction with clinical status, immunophenotyping, and genetic investigations. Of the 20 patients, 13 proceeded to treatment, with successful immune reconstitution observed in 4 of the 6 patients post-HCT and 4 of the 7 patients after thymus transplantation, the latter including two patients who had previously undergone HCT. Whilst further validation and standardization are required, we conclude that assessing ex vivo T-lymphopoiesis during the diagnostic pathway for genetically undefined T-lymphocytopenia improves patient outcomes by facilitating corrective treatment choice

Mapping decision-making pathways: Determination of intervention entry points for diagnostic tests in suspected serious infection

Copyright: \ua9 2025 Naseem R et al. Background: PROTECT (Platform Randomised evaluation of clinical Outcomes using novel TEChnologies to optimise antimicrobial Therapy) has brought together a team of researchers to design a platform trial to rapidly evaluate and adopt into care multiple diagnostic technologies, bringing immediate benefit to patients. Rapid diagnostic tests will be used to identify patients at risk of deterioration from severe infection, before they become critically unwell. The platform will assess their comparative clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness relative to current standard of care. Preliminary work, conducted under a Health Technology Assessment Application Acceleration Award, provided key evidence to optimise the design of the PROTECT platform. Methods: Qualitative methods which involved consulting key stakeholders in the field of serious infection addressed the key priorities. A high-level care pathway analysis focusing on serious infection in secondary care, captured the points of contact, actions, decisions, and potential outcomes associated with a patient’s care. Results: Two use cases of rapid diagnostic tests for serious infection were identified; (1) in acute emergency medicine to decide on antimicrobial initiation and/or escalation of care, and (2) in hospitalised patients to monitor treatment response. The “ideal” test should be rapid, point-of-care, cheap to procure, have capacity for high usability, and ability to be performed and interpreted by all staff. Facilitators to the adoption of infection diagnostic tests is their clinical need, and the main potential barrier is poor change management and behavioural change. Conclusions: Any new test should provide robust evidence of its clinical effectiveness and have the potential to accelerate ruling in or out serious infection which benefits the clinical pathway for patients, clinicians, and hospitals as a whole, to be considered for adoption as a new standard of care

Clinical characterization of Collagen XII-related disease caused by biallelic <em>COL12A1</em> variants

\ua9 2024 The Author(s). Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Neurological Association. Objective: While there have been several reports of patients with dominantly acting COL12A1 variants, few cases of the more severe recessive Collagen XII-related disorders have previously been documented. Methods: We present detailed clinical, immunocytochemical, and imaging data on eight additional patients from seven families with biallelic pathogenic variants in COL12A1. Results: All patients presented with a consistent constellation of congenital onset clinical features: hypotonia, dysmorphic features, most notably gingival hypertrophy, prominent distal joint hyperlaxity, with co-occurring contractures of large joints, and variable muscle involvement, evident both clinically and on muscle imaging. Five patients presented with a severe congenital phenotype manifesting with profound weakness, significantly delayed or minimal attainment of motor milestones, respiratory insufficiency, and feeding difficulties. Three patients presented with mild-to-moderate muscle weakness and delayed milestones but were able to achieve independent ambulation. Patients were found to have biallelic loss-of-function COL12A1 variants, except for one family (p.I1393Ffs*11/p.A1110D). Consistent with the variable clinical spectrum, in vitro immunocytochemistry analysis in fibroblasts ranged from complete absence of Collagen XII expression in a patient with severe disease, to a mild reduction in a patient with milder disease. Interpretation: Here we characterize the clinical presentation, muscle imaging, and dermal fibroblast immunostaining findings associated with biallelic variants in COL12A1, further establishing COL12A1 as a recessive myopathic Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (mEDS) gene, and expanding the clinical spectrum to include a milder EDS phenotype

A Simple and Efficient Non-Noble Cathode Catalyst Based on Carbon Hollow Nanocapsules Containing Cobalt-Based Materials for Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer

\ua9 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.An efficient approach for fabrication of non-noble metal-based electrocatalyst is desirable for designing the energy storage and conversion devices in real-world usages due to low cost and excellent catalytic properties. The preparation of hollow carbon capsules (HCC) containing cobalt (Co)-based electrocatalyst is reported by a simple synthesis process without using templates for the first time. Initially, cobalt phenylphosphonate (Co-MOF) nanorods are fabricated through a simple hydrothermal approach. The as-formed Co-MOF is covered with a thin coating of polydopamine (DP-Co-MOF) through chemical polymerization of dopamine in Tris-HCl (pH 8.5). The DP-Co-MOF is used as self-degraded template for the formation of HCC under pyrolysis. The formation mechanism and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity of HCC are investigated. The hollow structure derived under N2 exhibits a low overpotential (295 mV at 100 mA cm−2) with excellent stability (90.98%) for 150 h, which is further verified by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Finally, the designed anion exchange membrane (AEM) water electrolyzer based on C─Co─N as cathode delivers a current density of 500 mA cm−2 (at 2.19 V) and 1000 mAcm−2 (at 2.33 V) in 1.0 m KOH at 60 \ub0C. The fabricated new Co-based electrocatalyst is highly beneficial for the fabrication of cost-effective and high-performance AEMWEs

Batch-to-Batch Optimization Control of Fed-Batch Fermentation Process Based on Recursively Updated Extreme Learning Machine Models

\ua9 2025 by the authors.This paper presents a new method of batch-to-batch optimization control for a fed-batch fermentation process. A recursively updated extreme learning machine (ELM) neural network model is used to model a fed-batch fermentation process. ELM models have advantages over other neural networks in that they can be trained very fast and have good generalization performance. However, the ELM model loses its predictive abilities in the presence of batch-to-batch process variations or disturbances, which lead to a process–model mismatch. The recursive least squares (RLS) technique takes the model prediction error from the previous batch and uses it to update the model parameters for the next batch. This improves the performance of the model and helps it to respond to any changes in process conditions or disturbances. The updated model is used in an optimization control procedure, which generates an improved control profile for the next batch. The update of the RLS model enables the optimization control strategy to maintain a high final product quality in the presence of disturbances. The proposed batch-to-batch optimization control method is demonstrated on a simulated fed-batch fermentation process

Differences in the risk of frailty based on care receipt, unmet care needs and socio-economic inequalities: A longitudinal analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

\ua9 2025Background: The older population is increasingly reliant on social care, especially those who are frail. However, an estimated 1.5 million people over 65 in England have unmet care needs. The relationship between receiving care, or receiving insufficient care, and changes in frailty status remains unclear. Objectives: To investigate the associations between care receipt (paid or unpaid), unmet care needs, frailty status, and mortality. Design: We used multistate models to estimate the risk of increasing or decreasing levels of frailty, using English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) data. Covariates included age, gender, wealth, area deprivation, education, and marital status. Care status was assessed through received care and self-reported unmet care needs, while frailty status was determined using a frailty index. Participants: 15,003 individuals aged 50+, using data collected over 18 years (2002–2019). Results: Individuals who receive care are more susceptible to frailty and are less likely to recover from frailty to a less frail state. The hazard ratio of males receiving care transitioning from prefrailty to frailty was 2.1 [95 % CI: 1.7–2.6] and for females 1.8 [1.5–2.0]. Wealth is an equally influential predictor of changes in frailty status: individuals in the lowest wealth quintile who do not receive care are as likely to become frail as those in the highest wealth quintile who do receive care. As individuals receiving care (including unpaid care) are likely to be in poorer health than those who do not receive care, this highlights stark inequalities in the risk of frailty between the richest and poorest individuals. Unmet care needs were associated with transitioning from prefrailty to frailty for males (hazard ratio: 1.7 [1.2–2.4]) but not for females. Conclusions: Individuals starting to receive care (paid or unpaid) and people in the poorest wealth quintile are target groups for interventions aimed at delaying the onset of frailty

Euclid preparation: LVIII. Detecting extragalactic globular clusters in the Euclid survey

\ua9 The Authors 2025.Extragalactic globular clusters (EGCs) are an abundant and powerful tracer of galaxy dynamics and formation, and their own formation and evolution is also a matter of extensive debate. The compact nature of globular clusters means that they are hard to spatially resolve and thus study outside the Local Group. In this work we have examined how well EGCs will be detectable in images from the Euclid telescope, using both simulated pre-launch images and the first early-release observations of the Fornax galaxy cluster. The Euclid Wide Survey will provide high-spatial resolution VIS imaging in the broad IE band as well as near-infrared photometry (YE, JE, and HE). We estimate that the 24 719 known galaxies within 100 Mpc in the footprint of the Euclid survey host around 830 000 EGCs of which about 350 000 are within the survey\u27s detection limits. For about half of these EGCs, three infrared colours will be available as well. For any galaxy within 50 Mpc the brighter half of its GC luminosity function will be detectable by the Euclid Wide Survey. The detectability of EGCs is mainly driven by the residual surface brightness of their host galaxy. We find that an automated machine-learning EGC-classification method based on real Euclid data of the Fornax galaxy cluster provides an efficient method to generate high purity and high completeness GC candidate catalogues. We confirm that EGCs are spatially resolved compared to pure point sources in VIS images of Fornax. Our analysis of both simulated and first on-sky data show that Euclid will increase the number of GCs accessible with high-resolution imaging substantially compared to previous surveys, and will permit the study of GCs in the outskirts of their hosts. Euclid is unique in enabling systematic studies of EGCs in a spatially unbiased and homogeneous manner and is primed to improve our understanding of many understudied aspects of GC astrophysics