W kierunku ergonomii widzenia

Active vision is essential for understanding visual content, with particular emphasis on materials and media designed specifically for understanding the world. Contemporary texts and media messages are becoming clearly atomized, divided into smaller fragments and are becoming strongly related to the graphic form. The article will discuss several graphic treatments that direct the recipient’s attention and facilitate visual thinking.Active vision is essential for understanding visual content, with particular emphasis on materials and media designed specifically for understanding the world. Contemporary texts and media messages are becoming clearly atomized, divided into smaller fragments and are becoming strongly related to the graphic form. The article will discuss several graphic treatments that direct the recipient’s attention and facilitate visual thinking

Proces badawczy jako proces decyzyjny – rozważania w kontekście teorii decyzji

The research process is a component of many complex activities planned and then implemented by the researcher. At each of its stages, both in the conceptual phase and the implementation phase, the researcher identifies problem situations that require specific decisions to be made. Therefore, it is considered reasonable to analyze the research process in the light of the decision theory, which was done in this article. This theory provides a theoretical framework that allowed the research process to be identified as a multi-faceted decision-making process in which the researcher is the decision maker. Moreover, thanks to the decision theory, the conditions that accompany the research process, i.e. the conditions of uncertainty and risk, were described. Ways to minimize this risk are also presented. The article also focuses on research competences, thus assuming that they include competences related to effective decision-making. Therefore, the characteristics of an efficient researcher-decision maker were characterized. The considerations presented in this study may be the basis for making methodological criticism, as well as methodological reflection. Both criticism and methodological reflection can contribute to the development of research methodology, including the methodology of individual scientific disciplines.The research process is a component of many complex activities planned and then implemented by the researcher. At each of its stages, both in the conceptual phase and the implementation phase, the researcher identifies problem situations that require specific decisions to be made. Therefore, it is considered reasonable to analyze the research process in the light of the decision theory, which was done in this article. This theory provides a theoretical framework that allowed the research process to be identified as a multi-faceted decision-making process in which the researcher is the decision maker. Moreover, thanks to the decision theory, the conditions that accompany the research process, i.e. the conditions of uncertainty and risk, were described. Ways to minimize this risk are also presented. The article also focuses on research competences, thus assuming that they include competences related to effective decision-making. Therefore, the characteristics of an efficient researcher-decision maker were characterized. The considerations presented in this study may be the basis for making methodological criticism, as well as methodological reflection. Both criticism and methodological reflection can contribute to the development of research methodology, including the methodology of individual scientific disciplines

The use of visual media when teaching the skill of writing to autistic students

It is believed (Zaorska & Trajdowska, 2013) that autistic students are usually visual learners. It seems that the use of visual media and visually based teaching methods may be beneficial for such students. The aim of the present research was to discover whether visual media can be useful while teaching the skill of writing to autistic students. Furthermore, attempts were made to find out the difference between visually based approaches and non-specific ones when it comes to teaching autistic students. As far as inclusive education in Poland is concerned, the research aimed at showing its efficiency regarding the students with autism. In this paper, we would like to present the findings of our research because we believe that they may be useful for teachers who work with autistic students

Twórczość komiksowa uchodźców ukraińskich w edukacji na rzecz transkulturowości w klasach I–III – pilotażowa koncepcja pracy

The article presents a pilot concept of using comic books work of Ukrainian youth – war refugees in the field of work for transculturalism in grades I–III. It is an attempt to take a different look at educational activities in the perspective of dynamically changing cultural structures of European and world societies. The presented assumptions thus answer the question: how can the comic books of Ukrainian youth be used to create a pilot concept of work in the field of education for transculturalism in grades I–III and to develop the right concept of work in further scientific activities (supported by an appropriate research procedure)? Two methods of data collection were adopted in the research: a case study of young female refugee comic book authors using a problem-focused interview; analysis of the content of the comic book, which was used in the creation of a pilot concept of work for transculturalism. The article also focuses on the theoretical assumptions of the phenomenon of transculturalism itself. The article presents a pilot concept of using comic books work of Ukrainian youth – war refugees in the field of work for transculturalism in grades I–III. It is an attempt to take a different look at educational activities in the perspective of dynamically changing cultural structures of European and world societies. The presented assumptions thus answer the question: how can the comic books of Ukrainian youth be used to create a pilot concept of work in the field of education for transculturalism in grades I–III and to develop the right concept of work in further scientific activities (supported by an appropriate research procedure)? Two methods of data collection were adopted in the research: a case study of young female refugee comic book authors using a problem-focused interview; analysis of the content of the comic book, which was used in the creation of a pilot concept of work for transculturalism. The article also focuses on the theoretical assumptions of the phenomenon of transculturalism itself. The comic books of Ukrainian youth can be an excellent source of work in the field of transculturalism, which should be implemented in the school space based on regional and intercultural education already functioning in the education system. The way to move away from the native – closed cultural structure and open it on the periphery to what is new/different/valuable. The pilot concept of work should be implemented in the educational environment of grades I–III and its assumptions should be checked on this ground. This will allow you to develop and implement the right concept of work.The article presents a pilot concept of using comic books work of Ukrainian youth – war refugees in the field of work for transculturalism in grades I–III. It is an attempt to take a different look at educational activities in the perspective of dynamically changing cultural structures of European and world societies. The presented assumptions thus answer the question: how can the comic books of Ukrainian youth be used to create a pilot concept of work in the field of education for transculturalism in grades I–III and to develop the right concept of work in further scientific activities (supported by an appropriate research procedure)? Two methods of data collection were adopted in the research: a case study of young female refugee comic book authors using a problem-focused interview; analysis of the content of the comic book, which was used in the creation of a pilot concept of work for transculturalism. The article also focuses on the theoretical assumptions of the phenomenon of transculturalism itself. The comic books of Ukrainian youth can be an excellent source of work in the field of transculturalism, which should be implemented in the school space based on regional and intercultural education already functioning in the education system. The way to move away from the native – closed cultural structure and open it on the periphery to what is new/different/valuable. The pilot concept of work should be implemented in the educational environment of grades I–III and its assumptions should be checked on this ground. This will allow you to develop and implement the right concept of work

Obrazy współczesnego polskiego rodzicielstwa na przykładzie użytkowników aplikacji Instagram

The aim of the article is an attempt to characterize the parenting images specific to Polish users of the Instagram application. The article is an analysis based on a review of scientific pedagogical literature and media studies, as well as on the results obtained from own analysis in the scope of the discussed subject area. The issue of new media (especially social media), their function and importance in human life and the impact on the perception and fulfillment of the role of a parent will be discussed. The concept of sharenting as one of the forms of presenting one’s parenthood in social media will also be introduced. The topic related to the concept of photo-everyday life and social exhibitionism in the virtual space will also be addressed in relation to the activity of parents on Instagram. The author’s typology will also be presented, including typical images of parenting, selected on the basis of the analysis of accounts of well-known public people who are active Instagram users.The aim of the article is an attempt to characterize the parenting images specific to Polish users of the Instagram application. The article is an analysis based on a review of scientific pedagogical literature and media studies, as well as on the results obtained from own analysis in the scope of the discussed subject area. The issue of new media (especially social media), their function and importance in human life and the impact on the perception and fulfillment of the role of a parent will be discussed. The concept of sharenting as one of the forms of presenting one’s parenthood in social media will also be introduced. The topic related to the concept of photo-everyday life and social exhibitionism in the virtual space will also be addressed in relation to the activity of parents on Instagram. The author’s typology will also be presented, including typical images of parenting, selected on the basis of the analysis of accounts of well-known public people who are active Instagram users

Zastosowanie osiągnięć neuronauki w procesie wspomagania rehabilitacji osób z niepełnosprawnością – przykładowe badania

The article presents the issue of nervous systems and the neural correlate of information processing in the contextof the application of research results in this area in the process of supporting the rehabilitation of people with disabilities. The currently dynamically developing science of the borderland called “neuroscience” was presented, which is a great opportunity for special pedagogy to appear in its system, especially in the area of issues related to diagnosis and rehabilitation. The aim was to answer the question: What cognitive and research inspirations result from supporting the rehabilitation of people with disabilities with the achievements of neuroscience? The application of its achievements in the rehabilitation of people with disabilities has a complementary task, supporting an effective rehabilitation process in its practical dimension. The concept of a damaged brain of a disabled person was presented as a very general and imprecise one, resulting from diseases, injuries or developmental disorders, but which fundamentally affects the functioning of various areas of the brain, causing various symptoms and functional disorders. The essential and original part of the article is based on the latest literature on the subject, a review of the results of research on the brain work of people with various types of disabilities, made with the use of neuroimaging techniques. The concept of neuroplasticity was discussed in the context of obtaining an answer to the question: Can a damaged brain repair itself and how? By restoring, not bypassing, damaged or destroyed neural pathways. In conclusion, it was indicated that the intended effect of the discussed research is to create theoretical and empirical foundations for developing models of the functional architecture of the brain of a person with a specific type of disability, taking into account their individual capabilities, needs and even interests.The article presents the issue of nervous systems and the neural correlate of information processing in the contextof the application of research results in this area in the process of supporting the rehabilitation of people with disabilities. The currently dynamically developing science of the borderland called “neuroscience” was presented, which is a great opportunity for special pedagogy to appear in its system, especially in the area of issues related to diagnosis and rehabilitation. The aim was to answer the question: What cognitive and research inspirations result from supporting the rehabilitation of people with disabilities with the achievements of neuroscience? The application of its achievements in the rehabilitation of people with disabilities has a complementary task, supporting an effective rehabilitation process in its practical dimension. The concept of a damaged brain of a disabled person was presented as a very general and imprecise one, resulting from diseases, injuries or developmental disorders, but which fundamentally affects the functioning of various areas of the brain, causing various symptoms and functional disorders. The essential and original part of the article is based on the latest literature on the subject, a review of the results of research on the brain work of people with various types of disabilities, made with the use of neuroimaging techniques. The concept of neuroplasticity was discussed in the context of obtaining an answer to the question: Can a damaged brain repair itself and how? By restoring, not bypassing, damaged or destroyed neural pathways. In conclusion, it was indicated that the intended effect of the discussed research is to create theoretical and empirical foundations for developing models of the functional architecture of the brain of a person with a specific type of disability, taking into account their individual capabilities, needs and even interests

Świat jest w nas... Obrazy siebie i wewnętrznego świata w refleksjach początkujących nauczycielek

The inspiration to create this text, and previously to conduct research among novice teachers (students of preschool and early school pedagogy) about their self-image and personal, inner world, are the words of my supervisor and educator, Professor Stanisław Dylak. The professor began his lectures on pedeutology for pedagogy students with the statement: “The world is within us.” For many, these words became an impulse to reflect on themselves, and for those more committed, also to reflect on their own identity as a teacher. They became a pretext for conversations with oneself, an answer to the question Who am I? What am I like? What kind of teacher do I want to be? These questions become even more important when we realize, referring to our own biographical experiences, that “The Teacher comes close to eternity. He can never tell where his influence ends” (Henry Brooks Adams). This text is an attempt to get to know the inner world of female pedagogy students who are planning to start working as teachers in the coming months or have just started it. The author designed and conducted qualitative research on a group of 12 beginning teachers – students of preschool and early school pedagogy, and in the presented text she presented the images of themselves and “their” world outlined by them. An interpretive approach was used to analyze the obtained data, which allowed for the presentation of a collective picture of the internal world of teachers at the beginning.The inspiration to create this text, and previously to conduct research among novice teachers (students of preschool and early school pedagogy) about their self-image and personal, inner world, are the words of my supervisor and educator, Professor Stanisław Dylak. The professor began his lectures on pedeutology for pedagogy students with the statement: “The world is within us.” For many, these words became an impulse to reflect on themselves, and for those more committed, also to reflect on their own identity as a teacher. They became a pretext for conversations with oneself, an answer to the question Who am I? What am I like? What kind of teacher do I want to be? These questions become even more important when we realize, referring to our own biographical experiences, that “The Teacher comes close to eternity. He can never tell where his influence ends” (Henry Brooks Adams). This text is an attempt to get to know the inner world of female pedagogy students who are planning to start working as teachers in the coming months or have just started it. The author designed and conducted qualitative research on a group of 12 beginning teachers – students of preschool and early school pedagogy, and in the presented text she presented the images of themselves and “their” world outlined by them. An interpretive approach was used to analyze the obtained data, which allowed for the presentation of a collective picture of the internal world of teachers at the beginning

Normatywna i rekonstrukcyjna perspektywa ujmowania metodologii badań w pedagogice

The fundamental purpose of the article is to signal the premises for giving a greater importance to reconstructive methodology and to recall its possible dimensions (or generality levels of methodological research). The author begins by recalling the context of supplying the scientific method with a distinguished status, which justifies the dominance of the normative character of methodology in the researchers’ minds. She notes the importance of sociocultural factors for changes in the social sciences research practice, as well as the new understanding of practice by some contemporary philosophers, which justifies the granting of greater status to research practice. In the final part of the article, she presents levels of methodological reconstruction. Focusing on research practice will make it possible to see methodological innovations as a reaction to the change of conditions for conducting scientific research and as a search for ways to transcend the cognitive obstacles encountered.The fundamental purpose of the article is to signal the premises for giving a greater importance to reconstructive methodology and to recall its possible dimensions (or generality levels of methodological research). The author begins by recalling the context of supplying the scientific method with a distinguished status, which justifies the dominance of the normative character of methodology in the researchers’ minds. She notes the importance of sociocultural factors for changes in the social  sciences research practice, as well as the new understanding of practice by some contemporary philosophers, which justifies the granting of greater status to research practice. In the final part of the article, she presents levels of methodological reconstruction. Focusing on research practice will make it possible to see methodological innovations as a reaction to the change of conditions for conducting scientific research and as a search for ways to transcend the cognitive obstacles encountered

Znaczenie pracy zawodowej dla matek dzieci z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną

Professional work for mothers of children with disabilities is described in the literature as a buffer factor that allows them to achieve a sense of satisfaction and self-realization. At the same time, mothers who want to return to this activity after maternity or parental leave encounter numerous difficulties, leading to resignation from further search. As a result, they most often switch to various types of benefits, dealing with the care and upbringing of their child. The aim of the article is to present the results of research on the importance of professional work for mothers of children with severe intellectual disabilities. The research studies determined the percentage of professionally active parents, the mother’s sense of satisfaction with her professional status, as well as the impact of the child’s disability on this activity and the relationship between professional work and parental attitude presented by the mother.Professional work for mothers of children with disabilities is described in the literature as a buffer factor that allows them to achieve a sense of satisfaction and self-realization. At the same time, mothers who want to return to this activity after maternity or parental leave encounter numerous difficulties, leading to resignation from further search. As a result, they most often switch to various types of benefits, dealing with the care and upbringing of their child. The aim of the article is to present the results of research on the importance of professional work for mothers of children with severe intellectual disabilities. The research studies determined the percentage of professionally active parents, the mother’s sense of satisfaction with her professional status, as well as the impact of the child’s disability on this activity and the relationship between professional work and parental attitude presented by the mother

Senior hejter – fakt czy mit? W świetle badań nad senioralną komunikacją online

The Internet is a socially valued asset. Unfortunately, the dynamic development of digital space, as well as the spread of online communication among seniors, have contributed to the emergence of a new phenomenon, hitherto unknown in this age group, the so-called hate speech. This article presents a theoretical and research perspective on an aspect of online communication in cyberspace. The aim of the research undertaken was to observe and investigate the problem of hate speech and aggression among senior Internet users. The research was conducted using a quantitative method on a group of 61 seniors who actively use the Internet. In addition, it was supplemented with insights from a four-month observation of Facebook groups dedicated to 60 plus users. The results obtained from the research indicate that the phenomenon of hate speech is a real one in the senior group of Internet users. Consequently, this raises the need for educational and preventive measures.The Internet is a socially valued asset. Unfortunately, the dynamic development of digital space, as well as the spread of online communication among seniors, have contributed to the emergence of a new phenomenon, hitherto unknown in this age group, the so-called hate speech. This article presents a theoretical and research perspective on an aspect of online communication in cyberspace. The aim of the research undertaken was to observe and investigate the problem of hate speech and aggression among senior Internet users. The research was conducted using a quantitative method on a group of 61 seniors who actively use the Internet. In addition, it was supplemented with insights from a four-month observation of Facebook groups dedicated to 60 plus users. The results obtained from the research indicate that the phenomenon of hate speech is a real one in the senior group of Internet users. Consequently, this raises the need for educational and preventive measures