Archeologizacja krajobrazu. Dynamika współczesnych przemian i negocjowanie społecznych znaczeń - przykład wybranych wsi Jury Krakowsko-Częstochowskiej

In the article, the authors describe the process of archaeologization of selected objects in the local landscape, using examples from five municipalities located in the northern areas of the Polish Jurassic Highland. They look at the processes of persistence or transformation (replacement, revitalization, expansion) and abandonment (destruction, disappearance). The analysis of the collected materials combines the perspectives of archaeology and ethnography/cultural anthropology. It is part of the understanding of landscape as a cultural heritage that runs over time, its form and meaning are fields for negotiation by various entities (local communities, state administration and experts/researchers).In the article, the authors describe the process of archaeologization of selected objects in the local landscape, using examples from five municipalities located in the northern areas of the Polish Jurassic Highland. They look at the processes of persistence or transformation (replacement, revitalization, expansion) and abandonment (destruction, disappearance). The analysis of the collected materials combines the perspectives of archaeology and ethnography/cultural anthropology. It is part of the understanding of landscape as a cultural heritage that runs over time, its form and meaning are fields for negotiation by various entities (local communities, state administration and experts/researchers)

Fibule legionowe ze stanowiska w Kwiatkowie, gm. Brudzew. Uwagi na temat technik i technologii produkcji

The artefacts described in the paper come from the Przeworsk culture settlement in Kwiatków, where more than 100 fibulae were discovered. Among the artefacts acquired were three knee-shaped brooches with a semi-circular shield on the head. One of them was discovered in a well; the other two came from the surface of the site. This paper is mostly concerned with issues related to the technological aspects of the production of these items. In addition to the analysis of traces of craftsmanship found on the fibulae, XRF tests were performed to determine the material from which they were made. This approach allows one to supplement the typological findings and reconstruct the process of creating a given object. The brooches were microscopically examined for traces of craftsmanship. The attempt to determine the foundry method which had been applied failed to produce the expected results. Usually, individual instances of knee-shaped fibulae have been recorded at sites in Poland and other countries, such as the Czech Republic. In Kwiatków, however, the discovery contained as many as three such artefacts, though they had not been made in a workshop of one craftsman, although two display a high level of similarity.The artefacts described in the paper come from the Przeworsk culture settlement in Kwiatków, where more than 100 fibulae were discovered. Among the artefacts acquired were three knee-shaped brooches with a semi-circular shield on the head. One of them was discovered in a well; the other two came from the surface of the site. This paper is mostly concerned with issues related to the technological aspects of the production of these items. In addition to the analysis of traces of craftsmanship found on the fibulae, XRF tests were performed to determine the material from which they were made. This approach allows one to supplement the typological findings and reconstruct the process of creating a given object. The brooches were microscopically examined for traces of craftsmanship. The attempt to determine the foundry method which had been applied failed to produce the expected results. Usually, individual instances of knee-shaped fibulae have been recorded at sites in Poland and other countries, such as the Czech Republic. In Kwiatków, however, the discovery contained as many as three such artefacts, though they had not been made in a workshop of one craftsman, although two display a high level of similarity

Przełom VII w. p.n.e. w metalurgii żelaza w starożytnym Egipcie

The aim of the article is to present a breakthrough time for iron metallurgy, which was the beginning of the Late Period, in particular the reign of the XXVI Dynasty. Presentation of this issue will be possible through the analysis of preserved artifacts from this period It shows the variety of used forms of objects and the methods of iron processing. The key to this article is the presence of iron processing workshops in the Greco-Egyptian centers, which are the oldest – discovered evidence of the processing of this metal in Egypt. The analysis of the workshops themselves, the tools used there and the remnants of metalworking preserved will be helpful in studying the development of iron metallurgy in the discussed period. An important part of the work is also an attempt to answer the questions: where did the impulse that introduced workshop iron processing in Egypt come from, and whether the Nubians or maybe foreigners, e.g. the Greeks appearing at the end of the Third Intermediate Period and at the beginning of the Late Period in the country on the Nile? The analysis of the above points will emphasize the groundbreaking nature of the discussed topic.The aim of the article is to present a breakthrough time for iron metallurgy, which was the beginning of the Late Period, in particular the reign of the XXVI Dynasty. Presentation of this issue will be possible through the analysis of preserved artifacts from this period It shows the variety of used forms of objects and the methods of iron processing. The key to this article is the presence of iron processing workshops in the Greco-Egyptian centers, which are the oldest – discovered evidence of the processing of this metal in Egypt. The analysis of the workshops themselves, the tools used there and the remnants of metalworking preserved will be helpful in studying the development of iron metallurgy in the discussed period. An important part of the work is also an attempt to answer the questions: where did the impulse that introduced workshop iron processing in Egypt come from, and whether the Nubians or maybe foreigners, e.g. the Greeks appearing at the end of the Third Intermediate Period and at the beginning of the Late Period in the country on the Nile? The analysis of the above points will emphasize the groundbreaking nature of the discussed topic

Fortune and glory: motives for modern day treasure hunting in Poland

In 2018, an amendment to the Act on the Protection and Care of Monuments of 2003 was introduced in Poland, aimed at combating the problem of treasure hunting and its impact on national heritage. Despite the consequences, especially a potential penalty of up to eight years in prison, treasure hunting remains an attractive pastime for some. The article aims to find motives of treasure hunters through literature review and studying online forums, including a Facebook groups, to gather information for further action to protect the archaeological heritage. The author identifies seven main motivators of individual treasure hunters, which include: passion for history, adventure seeking, intellectual challenge, collecting, need for fame and recognition, personal satisfaction, and finally financial gain. Each of the above is explained and showed though treasure hunters own public admissions.In 2018, an amendment to the Act on the Protection and Care of Monuments of 2003 was introduced in Poland, aimed at combating the problem of treasure hunting and its impact on national heritage. Despite the consequences, especially a potential penalty of up to eight years in prison, treasure hunting remains an attractive pastime for some. The article aims to find motives of treasure hunters through literature review and studying online forums, including a Facebook groups, to gather information for further action to protect the archaeological heritage. The author identifies seven main motivators of individual treasure hunters, which include: passion for history, adventure seeking, intellectual challenge, collecting, need for fame and recognition, personal satisfaction, and finally financial gain. Each of the above is explained and showed though treasure hunters own public admissions

„Takie jak w rzeczywistości”. Obraz fotograficzny - obiektywne odwzorowanie czy subiektywna kreacja? Fotografia w badaniach archeologicznych

The article reviews the current state of knowledge on photography and the use of photographs in archaeological research. The discovery of photography was a breakthrough in the history of archaeology. The mechanical method of image registration, considered to be devoid of subjective human intervention, was supposed to guarantee the neutrality and objectivity of the visual representation. Belief in realism of photography has led to it becoming the primary form of documentation in archaeology, for boththe research process and the relics themselves. This article will attempt to answer the question of whether we can trust the reality captured by the photographer? The reading of a photograph is done through culturally shaped codes. The ability to decipher those codes depends on the knowledge and experience of the recipient. The photographic image relies on the photographer’s subjective view of the subject, as well as the medium used, which influences the nature of the representation.The article reviews the current state of knowledge on photography and the use of photographs in archaeological research. The discovery of photography was a breakthrough in the history of archaeology. The mechanical method of image registration, considered to be devoid of subjective human intervention,  was supposed to guarantee the neutrality and objectivity of the visual representation. Belief in realism of photography has led to it becoming the primary form of documentation in archaeology, for both the research process and the relics themselves. This article will attempt to answer the question of whether we can trust the reality captured by the photographer? The reading of a photograph is done through culturally shaped codes. The ability to decipher those codes depends on the knowledge and experience of the recipient. The photographic image relies on the photographer’s subjective view of the subject, as well as the medium used, which influences the nature of the representation

Sztuka epoki paleolitu w świetle hipotezy mózgu społecznego

The purpose of this article is to try to look at the phenomenon of Paleolithic cave art differently – through the prism of the assumptions of the social brain hypothesis. This paper will present the main assumptions of Robin Dunbar’s social brain concept, which assumes that the increase in the size of the social group influenced the development of the individual (both biologically and socio-culturally). Larger communities provided the impetus for the development of new cognitive qualities, which provided the opportunity for art to emerge.The purpose of this article is to try to look at the phenomenon of Paleolithic cave art differently – through the prism of the assumptions of the social brain hypothesis. This paper will present the main assumptions of Robin Dunbar’s social brain concept, which assumes that the increase in the size of the social group influenced the development of the individual (both biologically and socio-culturally). Larger communities provided the impetus for the development of new cognitive qualities, which provided the opportunity for art to emerge

Wybrane motywy archeologiczne z zakresu archeologii śródziemnomorskiej na monetach europejskich z lat 1990–2005

The role of coins is not limited only to a means of payment, but through the various iconographic and epigraphic contents they contain, coins are also a means of cultural communication. The obverse and reverse of coins are a specific form of image, which includes motifs understood as a repeating decorative element that is also a pattern or an iconographic element expressing specific symbolism and themes. Archaeological motifs reflect archaeological monuments or their elements, and their themes commemorate not only the monument itself, but also related aspects studied by archaeologists, e.g. the broadly understood context. The aim of the considerations was to examine the numismatic form of commemorating and popularizing archaeological heritage on the example of selected motifs referring to monuments of Mediterranean archeology appearing on European coins in the years 1990–2005. First, the motifs were analyzed in terms of the form of their depiction on coins, then the archaeological theme with which themotifs were connected was determined and, on its basis, axiological considerations were carried out, the aim of which was to learn a potential answer to the question – why a given motif was placed on a coin.The role of coins is not limited only to a means of payment, but through the various iconographic and epigraphic contents they contain, coins are also a means of cultural communication. The obverse and reverse of coins are a specific form of image, which includes motifs understood as a repeating decorative element that is also a pattern or an iconographic element expressing specific symbolism and themes. Archaeological motifs reflect archaeological monuments or their elements, and their themes commemorate not only the monument itself, but also related aspects studied by archaeologists, e.g. the broadly understood context. The aim of the considerations was to examine the numismatic form of commemorating and popularizing archaeological heritage on the example of selected motifs referring to monuments of Mediterranean archeology appearing on European coins in the years 1990–2005. First, the motifs were analyzed in terms of the form of their depiction on coins, then the archaeological theme with which the motifs were connected was determined and, on its basis, axiological considerations were carried out, the aim of which was to learn a potential answer to the question – why a given motif was placed on a coin

Metody odkrywania niedawnej przeszłości

The article aims to show the possibility of studying events from the recent history with the help archaeology of the contemporary past. The reader will have the opportunity to get to know historical and ethnographic sources related to the anti-communist underground unit headed by a commander nicknamed “Tarzan”. The article will also present the relics of earthworks (bunkers, dugouts). They will be interpreted using archaeological methodsThe article aims to show the possibility of studying events from the recent history with the help archaeology of the contemporary past. The reader will have the opportunity to get to know historical and ethnographic sources related to the anti-communist underground unit headed by a commander nicknamed “Tarzan”. The article will also present the relics of earthworks (bunkers, dugouts). They will be interpreted using archaeological methods

Naczynie funeralne - „dymokur” znad ujścia rzeki Szamanka (środkowa Angara). Interpretacja symboliki

TThe purpose of this article is to analyze the fumigator vessel found in one of the burials on the left mouth of the Shamanka River (Central Angara) in East Siberia in 2001. By examining the ornament in the context of the symbolic and worldview system of the Siberian peoples, an attempt is made to define its cult role. Particular importance is attached to the semantic study of the ornament, as well as its interpretation using archaeological and ethnographic analogies. The result of the work is a proposal of a construct of the function of fumigator vessels in Eastern Siberia.The purpose of this article is to analyze the fumigator vessel found in one of the burials on the left mouth of the Shamanka River (Central Angara) in East Siberia in 2001. By examining the ornament in the context of the symbolic and worldview system of the Siberian peoples, an attempt is made to define its cult role. Particular importance is attached to the semantic study of the ornament, as well as its interpretation using archaeological and ethnographic analogies. The result of the work is a proposal of a construct of the function of fumigator vessels in Eastern Siberia

Pamiętać, upamiętniać, wspominać - nasz obowiązek wobec pokoleń minionych i przyszłych

Jubilees and anniversaries usually are the reason to look back, at times and events, but also at people, predecessors of what we are now a part of. It should not surprise then that while in 2019 the Adam Mickiewicz University celebrated its centenary, several new ideas emerged to commemorate previous generations of University people. The Archaeology Faculty of AMU, being of the same age, also incorporated a few ones, including jubilee editions, conferences, and displays. One of the ideas that appeared at that time was to commemorate, in form of exhibitions, some particular alumni, who devoted their lives to archaeology and the University. There have been five such displays presented since then, the first, dedicated to Professor Wojciech Kóčka (1911–1965), opened on November 13th 2021. The article, referring to the display, presents Kóčka’s life and career, illustrating how interesting figure he was. The subjects discussed herein include Sorbian issues, second world war conspiracy, history of archaeology and anthropology, experiencing of air photography in archaeology in pre-war Poland, and the beginning of excavations at Biskupin, to mention the most important. The article, however, is meant to be just the beginning of a discussion, and the hope is expressed at its end that the future brings a monograph devoted to Kóčka.Jubilees and anniversaries usually are the reason to look back, at times and events, but also at people, predecessors of what we are now a part of. It should not surprise then that while in 2019 the Adam Mickiewicz University celebrated its centenary, several new ideas emerged to commemorate previous generations of University people. The Archaeology Faculty of AMU, being of the same age, also incorporated a few ones, including jubilee editions, conferences, and displays. One of the ideas that appeared at that time was to commemorate, in form of exhibitions, some particular alumni, who devoted their lives to archaeology and the University. There have been five such displays presented since then, the first, dedicated to Professor Wojciech Kóčka (1911–1965), opened on November 13th 2021. The article, referring to the display, presents Kóčka’s life and career, illustrating how interesting figure he was. The subjects discussed herein include Sorbian issues, second world war conspiracy, history of archaeology and anthropology, experiencing of air photography in archaeology in pre-war Poland, and the beginning of excavations at Biskupin, to mention the most important. The article, however, is meant to be just the beginning of a discussion, and the hope is expressed at its end that the future brings a monograph devoted to Kóčka