Séroprévalence de la néosporose chez le chien dans l'agglomération toulousaine

Neospora caninum is a protozoan that affects cattle, causing abortions, and dogs, where infection is generally asymptomatic. Few data are available in France on the seroprevalence of this parasite in the canine population. Our work is part of a research project funded by the Société Française Canine-Agria. Our study complements work carried out at the CHUVAC d'Alfort. 508 sera from dogs consulting the ENVT's CHUVAC between January 2020 and February 2023 were analyzed by a competitive ELISA kit. The estimated seroprevalence in this medicalized dog population was 5.7%. A significantly higher seroprevalence was observed in purebred dogs (13.2%). The other factors studied were not statistically significant. This rate is comparable to other European studies. The search for this parasite should be considered more systematically in the case of neurological disorders in dogs.Neospora caninum est un protozoaire affectant les bovins et provoquant des avortements, et les chiens où l’infection est généralement asymptomatique. Peu de données sont disponibles en France concernant la séroprévalence de ce parasite dans la population canine. Notre travail s’inscrit dans un projet de recherche financé par la Société Française Canine-Agria. Notre étude complète le travail effectué au CHUVAC d’Alfort. 508 sérums de chiens consultant le CHUVAC de l’ENVT entre janvier 2020 et février 2023 ont été analysés par un kit ELISA en compétition. La séroprévalence estimée au sein de cette population canine médicalisée a été de 5,7%. Une séroprévalence significativement plus importante a été observée chez les chiens de pure race (13.2%). Les autres facteurs étudiés n’ont pas été statistiquement significatifs. Ce taux est comparable aux autres études européennes. La recherche de ce parasite devrait être envisagée plus systématiquement lors de troubles neurologiques chez le chien

Bioinspired Lipids as Leads for Developing New Anti-TB agents with a Unique Mechanism of Action

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Effects of Chlorella Supplementation in the Prevention of Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Review of Clinical and Experimental Studies

International audienceAims: This review aimed to evaluate the potential of Chlorella supplementation as a natural alternative for the prevention and treatment of iron-deficiency anemia, emphasizing its nutritional profile, bioactive compounds, and effects on hematological parameters. Study Design: Systematic and descriptive-analytical review of clinical and experimental studies. Place and Duration of Study: Studies published between 2014 and 2024, conducted in different regions, were included without geographical restriction. Methodology: A total of 70 scientific articles were initially identified. After applying eligibility criteria and assessing methodological quality, 36 studies were selected for analysis. The review was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases using controlled descriptors and Boolean operators, such as ("nutritional profile" OR "nutritional composition") AND ("Chlorella vulgaris" OR "Chlorella spp"); ("Anemia" AND "Chlorella microalgae"); ("Iron Supplementation"); and ("proteins" OR "lipids" OR "carbohydrates" OR "amino acids" OR "antioxidants" OR "bioactive compounds"). Results: Evidence suggests that Chlorella supplementation may improve hematological parameters, particularly hemoglobin levels, due to its high iron bioavailability and additional nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Compared with conventional therapies, Chlorella was generally associated with better tolerability and fewer adverse effects, potentially improving adherence. However, the absence of large-scale, long-term trials and limited direct comparisons with pharmaceutical iron restrict the generalization of current findings. Conclusion: Chlorella represents a promising complementary approach for the management of mild to moderate iron-deficiency anemia. Further multicenter and long-term clinical trials are required to confirm its efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness, as well as to define its potential role in standard therapeutic protocols

Les diarrhées infectieuses chez le poulain avant le sevrage : étude bibliographique

Diarrhea is among the most common digestive disorders in foals. This bibliographic review presents the various infectious causes of diarrhea, mainly associated with bacteria (Salmonella, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium difficile, Rhodococcus equi, Lawsonia intracellularis), viruses (Rotavirus and Coronavirus), as well as parasites (Strongyloides westeri and Cryptosporidium). A comprehensive diagnostic approach is described, combining medical history, general clinical examination, and additional diagnostic tests. Molecular analyses of fecal samples are also discussed and summarized in the form of a decision tree. Various therapeutic options are examined, and preventive measures are also proposed.Les diarrhées figurent parmi les troubles digestifs les plus fréquents chez le poulain. Cette étude bibliographique présente les différentes causes infectieuses de ces diarrhées, principalement liées à des bactéries (Salmonella, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium difficile, Rhodococcus equi, Lawsonia intracellularis), des virus (Rotavirus et Coronavirus), ainsi que des parasites (Strongyloides westeri et Cryptosporidium). Une démarche diagnostique complète est présentée, combinant l’anamnèse, l’examen clinique général et des examens complémentaires. Les analyses moléculaires sur échantillons fécaux sont également abordées, et synthétisées sous forme d’un arbre décisionnel. Les différentes options thérapeutiques sont discutées, et des mesures de prévention sont également proposées

Corrélations entre la personnalité du propriétaire et le profil comportemental du chien‎ : vers une optimisation du processus d’adoption

This study aims to identify combinations of human personality traits and canine temperament that promote a harmonious relationship, in order to reduce adoption failures. Using the Big Five questionnaire (owner) and the DPQ and C-BARQ tools (dog), it analyzes the links between psychological profiles and canine behavior. Results show that certain trait pairings increase relational satisfaction, while others lead to behavioral issues or breakdowns in the bond. Emotional synchronization and affective contagion are also explored to understand mutual adjustment within the dyad. By combining ethology, psychology, and behavioral data, this work proposes compatibility prediction tools and suggests practical criteria to guide adopters toward more sustainable and fulfilling human-dog relationships.Ce travail vise à identifier les combinaisons de traits de personnalité humain et de tempérament canin favorisant une relation harmonieuse, afin de limiter les échecs d’adoption. À partir des questionnaires Big Five (propriétaire), DPQ et C-BARQ (chien), il analyse les liens entre profil psychologique et comportement animal. Les résultats montrent que certaines associations de traits augmentent la satisfaction relationnelle, tandis que d’autres exposent à des troubles ou à une rupture du lien. La synchronisation émotionnelle et les effets de contagion affective sont également étudiés pour comprendre l’adaptation mutuelle au sein de la dyade. En croisant éthologie, psychologie et données comportementales, cette thèse propose des outils de prédiction de compatibilité et suggère des critères concrets pour mieux orienter les futurs adoptants

Familiarisation avec un nouvel automate d’hématologie, le ProCyte One (Idexx) chez le chien et le chat

This work aimed to produce eight clinical cases intended for veterinary practitioners, highlighting the specific features of the ProCyte One (Idexx). Blood samples from selected cats and dogs were chosen for their clinical relevance and were first analyzed using the XN-V (Sysmex) or ProCyte Dx (Idexx) analyzers, then subsequently analyzed with the ProCyte One. A blood smear was systematically performed to allow comparison of the results with those obtained from the analyzers during the preparation of the clinical cases.Ce travail avait pour objectif de réaliser huit cas cliniques, à destination des vétérinaires praticiens, illustrant les particularités du ProCyte One (Idexx). Les spécimens sanguins des chats et des chiens retenus ont été sélectionnés pour leur intérêt et après analyses par l’automate XN-V (Sysmex) ou le ProCyte Dx (Idexx), avant d’être analysés avec le ProCyte One. Un frottis sanguin a systématiquement été réalisé et a permis de comparer les résultats à ceux des analyseurs lors de la rédaction des cas cliniques

VARIACIONES ESTACIONALES EN LA MICROBIOTA DEL CALOSTRO DE OVINO TRASHUMANTE

International audienceThis study analysed the microbiota present in the colostrum of a transhumant herd of Segureñas ewes and evaluated the possible variations between the two annual grazing locations. Sixteen sheep were sampled in total, eight at the winter pasture site and eight at the summer pasture site, in southern Spain. The samples were analysed using 16S rRNA metabarcoding.Regarding alpha diversity (diversity within a sample), significantly greater richness was observed in winter (Sierra Morena) compared to summer (Sierra del Segura) (P < 0.01). The taxonomic composition revealed that the phylum Proteobacteria and the genus Sphingomonas were the most abundant in the colostrum samples. The next two most abundant genera were Staphylococcus and Lactobacillus. Seasonal changes in colostrum microbiota were observed, including a higher abundance of Proteobacteria in summer (P < 0.001), specifically Enterobacteriaceae (P < 0.05). The stabulation of the ewes in the summer lambing could explain the poorer diversity observed in colostrum due to the environmental contamination of bedding with enterobacteria

Overflow metabolism in bacterial, yeast, and mammalian cells: different names, same game

International audienceOverflow metabolism refers to the widespread phenomenon of cells excreting metabolic by-products into their environment. Although overflow is observed in virtually all living organisms, it has been studied independently and given different names in different species. This review highlights emerging evidence that overflow metabolism is governed by common principles in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. We examine the similarities and specificities in the structure, function, and regulation of overflow pathways in bacterial, yeast, and mammalian cells, with a focus on model species and common by-products. Our reinterpretation of previous findings points to the existence of universal principles governing overflow fluxes. We also emphasize the need to reconsider the roles of overflow metabolites, not as cellular stress-inducing toxic waste, but as nutrients and regulators, influencing metabolism at both cellular and community levels, often to the benefit of the producing cells. Finally, we review prevailing theories of overflow metabolism and explore avenues toward a potential unified theory of overflow. This review offers fundamental insights into this widespread metabolic process and proposes a conceptual foundation for future research

Updating the RZooRoH package for the analysis of inbreeding, identity-by-descent and relatedness from genomic data

The RZooRoH R package was implemented to characterize individual inbreeding levels. It identifies DNA segments inherited twice from a common ancestor through different paths, which are known as homozygous-by-descent (HBD) segments. The package accepts different data formats and provides multiple outputs: HBD segments, inbreeding rates and genome-wide and locus-specific HBD probabilities. In addition, it partitions HBD levels into multiple HBD classes. The length distribution varies between these classes, which therefore correspond to distinct groups of ancestors that can be traced back to different generations in the past. This provides information about mating structure and recent demographic history. The computational performance of the package has been substantially improved, enabling, for example, computing times to be reduced when working with whole-genome sequence data and more HBD classes to be fitted. It is now possible to fit one class per past generation, which facilitates interpretation of the results. New options allow models to be refined, for instance by defining HBD classes as intervals or constant inbreeding rates for neighboring classes. Finally, since we have previously demonstrated that the ZooRoH model can be used to characterize identity-by-descent (IBD) between haploid individuals or phased haplotypes, this option has been included in the new package version. Estimating kinship by characterizing IBD levels between the four possible pairs of haplotypes from two individuals is another feature we added to the package. Overall, the new version of the package offers improved computational efficiency and interpretability when characterizing inbreeding, IBD and relatedness levels

Estimation of genetic parameters for fertility and prolificacy in the Lacaune meat sheep population carrying a hyperprolific gene

International audienceFrom an economic perspective, meat sheep farms depend on several components, such as reproductive traits, which can be influenced by numerous factors of variation. In this study, the effects of two kinds of oestrus, a) induced oestrus (IO) and b) the first natural return oestrus (FRO), and of the genotype encoding a hyperprolific gene (FecL) on prolificacy and fertility were tested. The genetic parameters of these two traits were also estimated using BLUP animal models with ASReml software. The data related to 68,652 matings were recorded from 2010 to 2020 for 20,770 ewes from the Lacaune Ovi-Test population. The oestrus type, which is associated with the use of hormonal treatment, improved the two reproductive traits studied. As expected, one copy of the mutated allele of the FecL gene had an effect on the prolificacy of + 0.5 lambs per lambing but had no effect on fertility. Moreover, the animal variances estimated during this study for prolificacy and fertility after IO and on FRO were low but still explained a share of the phenotype variance of +/- 0.5 lambs per litter and +/- 0.20 fertility points around the average. The repeatabilities and heritabilities of prolificacy and fertility were low but consistent with the literature. Owing to the structural relationship between the oestrus type in our dataset, less data were available on FRO, making its genetic evaluation less accurate than the genetic evaluation on IO