Pain perception in personality disorders

Research has focused on pain perception of individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder, but there is a lack of research regarding pain perception for other types of Personality Disorders. The present study explored associations between the perception of experimentally-induced acute pain of individuals without acute or chronic pain with Borderline, as well as Histrionic, and Schizotypal, Personality Disorders traits. The primary question of interest was whether any personality disorders were associated with altered pain perception. Fifty-two participants had pain induced by a cold-pressor task, and were evaluated for personality disorder traits. Psychophysiological perception of pain was measured using pain threshold and tolerance tests, subjective reports of pain were taken using the McGill Pain Questionnaire, and physiological aspects were measured using Galvanic Skin Response as an index of physiological arousal. The results showed significant associations between Histrionic Personality Disorder and subjective reports of the sensory aspects, and intensity, of pain, but not with psychophysiological or physiological responses (although caution is needed in interpreting the results of multiple tests). There were no significant associations regarding pain perception and Borderline, or Schizotypal, Personality Disorders. These results are preliminary, but provide novel suggestions regarding the impact of Personality Disorder on pain perception and guidance for future research has been provided

A mixed-methods exploration of regular consumers’ experiences of plant-based meat alternatives (PBMA) in Singapore and the United Kingdom

Research on plant-based meat alternatives (PBMA) often focuses on its initial acceptance among new consumers with limited investigation into consumers who regularly incorporate PBMA in their diets. This study used a mixed methods approach to investigate PBMA consumption patterns, including motivations and barriers to sustained consumption, among 404 regular consumers (defined as PBMA consumption of at least once a week) in Singapore and the UK (SG: n=228; UK: n=176; 57.9% women; 69.8% aged 21-40 years old). Quantitative results showed similar PBMA consumption between Singapore and the UK (p=.498) but motives and barriers to sustained consumption and their consumer characteristics (i.e., food choice motives, food neophobia) were significantly different (p<.001). UK consumers showed greater agreement with motivational statements and were more sustainability-driven while Singapore consumers showed greater agreement with barrier statements and valued the impact of food on their body more. Product-related motives (β=.22, p<.001) and accessibility barriers (β=.15, p=.024) predicted overall PBMA consumption in both countries. Qualitative results suggest that whilst UK and Singapore consumers were satisfied with PBMA, they wanted higher nutritional quality, greater accessibility to affordable options and a wider variety. Further improvements in these areas could encourage repeated purchases and support the long-term adoption of PBMA

Validating a Four-Factor Model of Psychopathic Personality from the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (TriPM) Across Community and Incarcerated Samples

The Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (TriPM) is based on a three-dimensional conceptual model, though structural analyses of the TriPM items indicate that they do not reflect this conceptual model. In contrast, studies have shown that multiple factors are required to account for all the TriPM items in community and incarcerated samples. More problematic is that some of these factors are outside of the nomological network of psychopathy. In contrast, there are empirically robust findings supporting the four-factor model of psychopathy, irrespective of sample type, assessment method, or item set. For the current study, a structural equation modeling approach was utilized with incarcerated and community samples to demonstrate that theoretically relevant candidate items from the TriPM could be employed to represent the four-factor model of psychopathy (i.e., four-factor proxy measure—4FPM). Multiple group confirmatory factor analysis of the 4FPM items provided evidence of strong (scalar) invariance across community and incarcerated samples. Finally, associations with external correlates and other psychopathy scales highlighted that the 4FPM can be utilized to represent the four-factor model of psychopathy

A benchmark concentration-based strategy for evaluating the combined effects of genotoxic compounds in TK6 cells

Chemical risk assessment has historically focused on single compounds, neglecting the implications of combined exposures. To bridge this gap, several methodologies, such as concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA), have been developed. However, a systematic, consistent, and integrated approach across various legislative frameworks is still lacking. The assessment of combined effects of genotoxicants is even more challenging, as genotoxicity data are typically evaluated qualitatively, without considering the effect size. This study aimed to develop a quantitative approach for evaluating the combined effects of genotoxic compounds with both similar and dissimilar modes of action (MoA), based on the benchmark concentration (BMC) principle. A proof-of-concept study was conducted using the in vitro micronucleus (MNvit) test to examine two types of binary mixtures: ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), which share similar MoA, and MMS and etoposide (ETP), which have dissimilar MoA. The methodology involved collecting data for individual compounds, calculating BMC values, composing mixtures with different ratios and inducing various effect levels, testing these mixtures, and comparing the experimental results with the modelled data to verify additivity. The findings indicated that for both mixtures, the experimental responses aligned with the predicted additive effects, supporting the validity of the additivity principle. This study highlights the potential of an optimized BMC-based approach as a robust framework for testing chemical mixtures. It should be adopted in future studies to evaluate a wider range of genotoxic compounds, offering a more comprehensive and quantitative strategy for assessing combined chemical exposures

Using Walking Approaches and Site-Specific Performance to Reveal Layers of Feeling Attached to Place

This paper aims to meet the desire for dynamic and multi-dimensional aspects of studying feelings attached to places. Starting with a contemporary example of a place in crisis and whose affective history seems linked to the 1984–85 UK miners’ strike, this paper argues for methodologies that avoid drawing straight lines from feelings attached to the past into the present-day. Rather than following dominant emotions, this work pursues Kathleen Stewart’s approach to ordinary affects: feelings that start and end in social worlds, but which are equally personal and intimate. A case study from Wales, UK, uses the creative mediums of walking tours and site-specific performances to bring the public into the research, which in turn helps to interpret feelings of the past revealed from 13 interviews focused on older people. This writing considers future methodological developments, such as focusing on younger people, encouraging local stakeholders as co-producers, and deepening artist collaborations