Proton Pump Inhibitors in Gastroesophageal reflux in Pretems: A Systematic Review

Background- Gastroesophageal reflux is primarily physiological in newborns, especially in prematures less than 34 weeks of gestation. Recently there has been a surge in the use of anti reflux medications especially proton pump inhibitors to treat significant reflux in newborns the rewards of which are questionable and hence their use needs to be addressed.Material Methods-A PubMed search was done using the key words “gastroesophageal reflux”[all fields] and “preterm”[all fields] and/or “term” [all fields] and/or “newborn”[all fields]. The articles included were randomized trials, prospective studies, retrospective studies, review articles and observational studies.Conclusion- As per current evidence, the risk to reward ratio of proton pump inhibitors does not favour it to be routinely recommended for treatment of gastroesophageal reflux in preterm newborns

Evaluation of Lung Function by Spirometry in 12-14 yrs Adolescents in schools of Raipur city Chhattisgarh

Aim- The study was carried out in normal school children in Raipur city to determine pulmonary functions in the age group 12-14 years.Background- Spirometry is a important tool to assessment of lung function by evaluating forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1), the ratio of FEV1 to FVC, peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Indian norms for spirometric test values are different from Western and other norms. Even within the country the test values differ between different regional and ethnic groups.Material Methods- This is Cross sectional analytical observational study. 267 subjects were evaluated through pulmonary function test by Spirometry. Results were expressed as Mean ± SEM (Standard error of mean). Pearson’s correlation coefficient(r) is calculated between dependent and independent variables. Prediction equations were developed using the multiple linear regression procedure.Results- In our study spirometric parameters for boys were higher than girls. All Spirometric values were found to increase in relation to increase in height in both girls and boys except for the FEV1 %. All Spirometric values were found to increase in relation to increase in Age (12 to 14 years) in both girls and boys except for the FEV1 %.Conclusion- This study shows, all the independent variables (age, weight, height and BSA) have linear positive correlation with lung function parameters, both for boys and girls. Height is the most important and reliable single independent variable. Regression equations for spirometry variables for region have been developed