Оценка эффективности органических материалов в качестве сорбентов для ликвидации аварийных разливов нефти в условиях арктической акватории

The paper presents the results of a comparative assessment of the sorption characteristics of regional natural raw materials of organic origin: sphagnum moss (Sphаgnum palustre L.), fucus algae (Fucus vesiclousus), a composite based on them and peat in comparison with the synthetic sorbent OilSorb used in the practice of emergency rescue units to eliminate accidental oil spills. Experimental data have been obtained on potential pollutants in the Barents Sea (oil ARCO and diesel fuel) and the water capacity of sorbents for standard conditions at temperatures of 21–23 °C according to GOST 33627-2015 and in the temperature range of 10–12 °C typical for the summer period on the Kola Peninsula. The sorption characteristics of the materials under study have been evaluated in the "sea water – petroleum product" system, which simulates a real oil spill in the marine area. Tests in a model system simulating real conditions demonstrate significant changes in the efficiency of using sorption materials shown by them under standard conditions. The study has established the dynamics of the distribution of sorbed oil products and water in the materials under consideration, as well as residual oil products in the water of the "sea water – ARCO oil" and "sea water – diesel fuel" systems at different exposure times. During an exposure time of 30, 60, 90 minutes under the conditions of a system simulating a real oil spill in the water area, the material based on sphagnum moss has the most effective and time-stable indicators of sorption of oil products.Результаты сравнительной оценки сорбционных характеристик регионального природного сырья органического происхождения (мха сфагнума, фукуса пузырчатого, композита на их основе, торфа) представлены в сравнении с синтетическим сорбентом OilSorb, используемым в практике аварийно-спасательных подразделений для ликвидации аварийных разливов нефти. Экспериментальные данные в отношении потенциальных загрязнителей акватории Баренцева моря (нефти сорта ARCO, судового дизельного топлива) и показатели водоемкости сорбентов получены для стандартных условий при температуре 21–23 °С (согласно ГОСТ 33627-2015) и температуре 10–12 °С, характерной для летнего периода на Кольском полуострове. Оценка сорбционных характеристик исследуемых материалов проведена для системы "морская вода – нефтепродукт", моделирующей реальный разлив нефти в морской акватории. Испытания в модельной системе, имитирующей реальные условия, демонстрируют существенные изменения эффективности использования сорбционных материалов, показанной ими при стандартных условиях. В ходе исследования установлена динамика распределения сорбированных нефтепродуктов и воды в рассматриваемых материалах, а также остаточных нефтепродуктов – в воде систем "морская вода – нефть ARCO" и "морская вода – дизельное топливо" при различном времени экспозиции. В течение времени экспозиции 30, 60, 90 мин в условиях системы, моделирующей реальный разлив нефти в акватории, наиболее эффективными и устойчивыми во времени показателями сорбции нефтепродуктов обладает материал на основе мха сфагнума.PublishedReferee

Marine habitat mapping.

EMB Future Science Brief No. 11 ‘Marine habitat mapping’ presents science and policy needs and recommendations to advance next-generation marine habitat mapping. This document highlights current methods and future trends in the acquisition of data from the seabed and water column via remote sensing and direct, in situ techniques. It discusses combining data to produce maps using modelling approaches and presents recommendations for adopting fit-for-purpose habitat classification schemes. It also provides an overview of what has been mapped and where within the European sea-basins, highlights the need to increase the quality and resolution of marine habitat maps. It identifies critical gaps in habitat types and geographic extent, including the coastal areas, the deep sea, Natura 2000 sites and other Marine Protected Areas across all regional seas. Finally, it describes the need to improve the assessment and communication of uncertainty and confidence in maps, and to make maps more easily accessible to a variety of stakeholders to increase their value for end-users and to the public for Ocean literacy.PublishedReferee

Ocean Decade Vision 2030 White Papers – Challenge 2: Protect and Restore Ecosystems and Biodiversity.

This draft White Paper has been prepared as part of the Vision 2030 process being undertaken in the framework of the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. The Vision 2030 process aims to achieve a common and tangible measure of success for each of the ten Ocean Decade Challenges by 2030. From a starting point of existing initiatives underway in the Ocean Decade and beyond, and through a lens of priority user needs, the process determines priority datasets, critical gaps in science and knowledge, and needs in capacity development, infrastructure and technology required for each Challenge to ensure that it can be fulfilled by the end of the Ocean Decade in 2030. The results of the process will contribute to the scoping of future Decade Actions, identification of resource mobilization priorities, and ensuring the ongoing relevance of the Challenges over time. The process identifies achievable recommendations that can be implemented in the context of the Decade, or more broadly before 2030 to achieve the identified strategic ambition and indicators that will be used to measure progress. This draft White Paper is one of a series of ten White Papers all of which have been authored by an expert Working Group. Accompanied by a synthesis report authored by the Decade Coordination Unit, this white paper was discussed at the 2024 Ocean Decade Conference (Barcelona. Spain). Input received from diverse groups through public consultation and at the Conference was reviewed and incorporated as relevant.PublishedReferee

Explorando la depredación por perforación en moluscos marinos: perspectivas en las dinámicas depredador-presa y presiones selectivas en ensambles de conchas de gasterópodos de Playa Guardalavaca, Cuba.

Predation marks by drilling molluscs serve as evidence for feeding activity. This behaviour has been extensively studied to understand predator-prey relationships. The objective of this study is to characterise the mollusc drilling predation on gastropods from Playa Guardalavaca, Cuba. We examined the species richness and abundance of drilled and non-drilled shells and calculated predation rates and its relationship with prey size. To compare drilled and non-drilled shells, we used the median and interquartile range due to the asymmetric distribution of the measurements. Furthermore, we employed a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to compare the size distribution frequencies. A total of 114 morphospecies and nine species groups were identified. Five species were identified as new records for the area. A total of 5,795 shells were quantified, out of which 24.4% displayed drillholes. The most abundant species are not the most preyed upon, presenting a distinct pattern compared to bivalve assemblages in this and other locations. The highest predation rate was observed among individuals of medium size, may be attributed to the predators' ability to manipulate their prey. Smaller shells may not offer sufficient food resources, resulting in lower predation rates. Statistical analyses revealed significant differences in predation related to shell size for six out of the 11 tested species. Potential predators were identified, some of which exhibit drillholes themselves. In general, drilling predation in gastropods from the studied area appears to be influenced by a combination of factors, including high species richness of both predators and prey, prey abundance, specialised feeding strategies of predators, and habitat diversity.Las marcas de depredación por perforación de moluscos sirven de evidencia de la actividad alimentaria. Este comportamiento ha sido extensamente estudiado para comprender las relaciones depredador-presa. El objetivo de este estudio es caracterizar la depredación por perforación de moluscos gasterópodos de Playa Guardalavaca, Cuba. Se examinó la riqueza de especies y abundancia de conchas perforadas y no perforadas y se calculó la tasa de depredación y su relación con el tamaño de las presas. Para comparar las conchas perforadas y no perforadas se utilizó la mediana y el rango intercuartil dada la distribución asimétrica de las mediciones. Además, se empleó una prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov para comparar las frecuencias de distribución de tamaño. En total 114 morfoespecies y nueve grupos de especies fueron identificadas. Cinco especies fueron identificadas como nuevos registros para el área. Se cuantificaron 5 795 conchas, de las cuales 24,4 % presentaron perforaciones. Las especies más abundantes no son las más depredadas, presentando un patrón distinto comparado con los ensambles de bivalvos en esta y otras localidades. La mayor tasa de depredación fue observada entre individuos de tamaño medio, atribuido a la habilidad de los depredadores para manipular sus presas. Conchas pequeñas podrían no ofrecer suficiente alimento, resultando en tasas de depredación menores. Los análisis estadísticos revelaron diferencias significativas de depredación en relación al tamaño de la concha en seis de las 11 especies evaluadas. Depredadores potenciales fueron identificados, algunos de los cuales también mostraron perforaciones. En general, la depredación por perforación en los gasterópodos del área estudiada parece estar influenciada por una combinación de factores, incluyendo la alta riqueza de especies de depredadores y presas, la abundancia de las presas, estrategias especializadas de alimentación de los depredadores y la diversidad de hábitats.PublishedReferee

Variación de la distribución de centolla (Lithodes santolla) en la Patagonia sur argentina y su relación con la temperatura del mar

Lithodes santolla (Molina, 1785) es un crustáceo decápodo conocido vulgarmente como centolla o “southern king crab”. Se distribuye en aguas templado-frías del cono sur americano, en el océano Atlántico y Pacífico. Es una especie bentónica que puede habitar un rango de profundidad desde la costa hasta más allá de los 700 m de profundidad. Debido a las altas concentraciones y al valor comercial que tienen las centollas se las ha considerado un recurso con un particular interés en la investigación. Actualmente en Argentina se han definido cuatro efectivos de pesca: el Efectivo de la Plataforma y Talud Bonaerense (EPTB), el Efectivo del Sector Patagónico Central (ESPC), el Efectivo del Sector Patagónico Sur (ESPS) ubicado en la costa atlántica de la provincia de Santa Cruz y Tierra del Fuego y el Efectivo del Canal Beagle (ECB). En los efectivos ESPC y ESPS la pesca industrial se realiza con buques congeladores desde el año 2008 y 2016, respectivamente. La temperatura del agua de mar puede ser una limitante en la distribución de especies ectotérmicas, ya que afecta procesos fisiológicos, reproductivos y comportamentales. Además, conocer las relaciones entre las variables ambientales y los procesos biológicos de la especie permiten una mejor gestión y evaluación de la pesquería. En Argentina no se cuenta con trabajos científicos donde se relacionen las abundancias de L. santolla con la temperatura ambiental. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue analizar la variación interanual de abundancias de centolla en relación con la temperatura del fondo del mar, particularmente en el Sector Patagónico Sur.BachelorsTesis (licenciatura

Padrões de infecções parasitárias em peixes de uma planície de inundação: uso de traços funcionais e filogenia de peixes e parasitas.

Functional traits are the measurable properties of organisms that influence their performance through their effects on individual growth, survival, and reproduction. Therefore, the choice of functional characteristics is essential for drawing solid ecological conclusions and predicting ecosystem properties and interactions between organisms. The structure of the parasite community can vary over time and space, resulting from variations in host characteristics, phylogenetic relationships, and environmental characteristics. These can be examined at different levels of diversity: alpha (local diversity) and beta (variation in community composition between locations), including multiple facets such as taxonomic (TD), functional (FD), and phylogenetic (PD). We evaluated which host characteristics may be determinant in the composition of fish parasites from the upper Paraná River floodplain; and compared different facets of endoparasite biodiversity at the sampling unit level (α diversity or parasite diversity at the level of an individual host) and between sampling units (parasite diversity within (β1) or between (β2) host individuals of a species). The host's diet was the factor that had the greatest influence on the composition and similarity of endoparasites in floodplain fish. The α diversity of endoparasite species differed mainly in terms of TD and PPD. Regarding β diversity, the parasite communities presented patterns grouped at different levels (β1 and β2, respectively). To explain patterns in endoparasite diversity, functional traits, and fish phylogeny act as drivers of parasite community structure, with diet being one of the main factors. And the assembly patterns in the endoparasite infracommunities of different floodplain host species reflect the characteristics of their component and composite communities.As características funcionais são as propriedades mensuráveis dos organismos que influenciam seu desempenho por meio de seus efeitos no crescimento, sobrevivência e reprodução individual. Dessa forma, a escolha das características funcionais são essencias para tirar conclusões ecológicas sólidas, bem como prever propriedades do ecossistema e interações entre organismos. A estrutura da comunidade parasitária pode variar ao longo do tempo e do espaço, resultante de variação das características dos hospedeiros, relações filogenéticas e características do ambiente. Estas podem ser examinadas em diferentes níveis de diversidade: alfa (diversidade local) e beta (variação da composição da comunidade entre locais), incluindo múltiplas facetas, como a taxonômica (TD), funcional (FD) e filogenética (PD). Avaliou-se quais características do hospedeiro podem ser determinantes na composição dos parasitas de peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná; e comparou-se as diferentes facetas da biodiversidade de endoparasitas no nível da unidade amostral (diversidade α ou diversidade parasitária no nível de um hospedeiro individual) e entre unidades amostrais (diversidade de parasitas dentro de (β1) ou entre (β2) indivíduos hospedeiros de uma espécie). A dieta do hospedeiro foi o fator que apresentou maior influência na composição e similaridade dos endoparasitas em peixes da planície de inundação. A diversidade α das espécies de endoparasitas diferiu principalmente em termos de TD e PPD. Quanto à diversidade β, as comunidades parasitárias apresentaram padrões agrupados em diferentes níveis (β1 e β2, respectivamente). Para explicar padrões na diversidade de endoparasitas, as características funcionais e a filogenia de peixes atuam juntas como impulsionadores da estrutura da comunidade parasitária, sendo a dieta um dos principais fatores. E os padrões de montagem nas infracomunidades de endoparasitas de diferentes espécies hospedeiras da planície de inundação refletem as características de suas comunidades componentes e compostas.Ph

Макрозообентос эстуария малой лососевой реки острова Сахалин на примере р. Горная

Estuaries as a connecting link between freshwater and marine ecosystems play a special role in salmon rivers. The success of adaptation of juvenile salmonids during the transition to the marine period of life depends on the conditions in estuaries. The work continues the previously started series of publications on the rivers of Sakhalin Island. Using the example of one of the small watercourses in the southeastern part of the island, the hydrological parameters and the structural organization of benthos communities in the atypical estuary have been considered. In the absence of storm surges, penetration of sea water into the water body does not occur; at high tide, water with a salinity of more than 12 psu is observed only at the mouth at the bottom; at low tide, the estuary is completely filled with water with a salinity of 0.1 psu and lower. Studies of the hydrological regime and composition of the bottom fauna were carried out in July 2022. Zoobenthos samples were taken along the longitudinal profile of the estuary at five sections (75 samples in total). Most of the estuarine reach is inhabited by species characteristic of the lower parts of the island watercourses. High environmental variability determines the formation in the estuary of young and unstable benthos communities represented by rapidly reproducing small-sized species.Эстуарии как связующее звено между пресноводными и морскими экосистемами в лососевых реках играют особую роль. От условий в эстуарных зонах рек зависит успех адаптации молоди лососевых рыб при переходе к морскому периоду жизни. Работа продолжает начатый ранее цикл публикаций по рекам о-ва Сахалин. На примере одного из малых водотоков юго-восточной части острова рассматриваются гидрологические параметры и особенности структурной организации сообществ макрозообентоса эстуария, не типичного по своим характеристикам. В отсутствии штормовых заплесков проникновения морских вод в эстуарий практически не происходит. Воды с соленостью более 12 psu отмечаются только в устье у дна во время прилива, в отлив эстуарий полностью заполняется водой с соленостью 0,1 psu и ниже. Исследования гидрологического режима и донной фауны были проведены в июле 2022 г. Пробы зообентоса отбирали по продольному профилю эстуария на пяти разрезах (суммарно 75 проб). Работы показали, что большую часть эстуария заселяют виды, характерные для нижней ритрали водотоков острова. Высокая изменчивость среды обусловливает формирование в этом эстуарии молодых и нестабильных сообществ макрозообентоса, представленных быстроразмножающимися мелкоразмерными видами.PublishedReferee

Compositional analysis of invertebrate communities in Raja Ampat conservation zones using environmental DNA (eDNA)

Raja Ampat conservation area is divided into three zones: the core zone, the tourism zone, and the open zone. This region is crucial for sustainable fisheries and environmental management, yet it is under significant anthropogenic pressure. Accurate species detection is essential for inventory and diversity surveys, and environmental DNA (eDNA) methods have been shown to be more effective than conventional techniques. This study aimed to evaluate whether V9 primers could detect multispecies invertebrate compositions, assess community structure and contributions within each zone, and identify significant differences in invertebrate diversity among the zones. A total of 66 eDNA samples were collected from water and sediment columns across the three zones. Samples were extracted using the NucleoSpin™ kit (Macherey-Nagel) protocol, amplified with universal eukaryote primers targeting the 18S gene, and sequenced using Illumina MiSeq. Taxonomic analysis was performed using QIIME2 software and the SILVA database. The study identified 19 invertebrate species. The Shannon-Wiener (H') and Simpson (D) indices revealed greater species diversity in the core zone compared to the tourism and open zones. However, the Kruskal-Wallis test indicated no significant differences in species diversity across the zones. SIMPER analysis demonstrated a high percent contribution of species in each zone. This study highlights the effectiveness of eDNA methods for biodiversity assessment and offers valuable insights into invertebrate community structures within the Raja Ampat conservation area.PublishedReferee

Sharks and rays at Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera (PPS) Lampulo, Banda Aceh, Indonesia: Morphometric characteristics and differentiators based on multivariate analysis

Tropical marine environments are abundant and diverse; therefore, shark and ray research at fishing port PPS Lampulo, Banda Aceh City was carried out focusing on morphometric characteristics and differences based on multivariate analysis in July 2020 to identify sharks and rays that landed at fishing port PPS Lampulo, Banda Aceh City and determine their primary characteristics. The shark and ray samples used were from the Indian Ocean and the Malacca Strait and measured total length (TL), fork length (FL), and standard length (SL) for sharks and disc width (DW), TL, and disc length (DL) for rays. Principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis (DA) were performed on the morphometric data. The PCA analysis revealed that sharks and rays caught in Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera (PPS) Lampulo, Banda Aceh City, can be divided into two distinct groups. The first group of sharks consists of species with large FL and SL morphometrics, namely P. kamoharai, C. plumbeus, P. glauca, and A. superciliosus. The second group of sharks consists of species with large TL morphometrics, specifically A. pelagicus and C. plumbeus. For the ray group, the first group comprises species with large TL and DW morphometrics, represented by A. ocellatus. The second group of rays consists of species with large DL morphometrics, namely P. sephen and H. jenkinsii. The results of DA revealed distinct differences in the size of sharks caught in the Indian Ocean and the Strait of Malacca, specifically in PPS Lampulo, Banda Aceh City. However, no significant differences in size were observed for the rays, regardless of whether their size was measured using DW, TL, or DL.PublishedReferee

Elevage du tilapia du Nile (Oreochromis niloticus) en système biofloc: suivi des paramètres du milieu et des performances.

The aim of this work is to investigate the evolution of the water quality parameters during the maturation phase, and to evaluate the growth performance and feed utilization efficiency of Nile tilapia raised in a biofloc system (BFT) with carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios of 12 and 18. The results of this study indicate that the maturation phase of the biofloc can last up to 6 weeks and is characterized by peaks in ammonium and nitrite concentrations, a decrease in alkalinity, and an accumulation of suspended solids. Growth performance and feed utilization were similar between tilapia raised in clear water and those in BFT system. However, in the BFT groups, a decrease in tilapia growth is observed with increasing C/N ratio from 12 to 18. Overall, the BFT system has no negative effects on the growth performance and feed utilization efficiency of tilapia.Références bibliographiques, Tableaux, Figures.PublishedReferee