Using Verbal Classroom Interaction Systems to Develop Oral Production Skills: The Case of Flanders System

تهدف هذه الد ا رسة إلى إب ا رز أهمية العلاقة التفاعلية بين المعلم ومتعلّميه وبين المتعلّمين بعضهم مع بعض، لأنّ النجاح في عملتي التعليم والتع لّم يرتكز بدرجة كبيرة على نجاح هذه العلاقة، حيث يقتضي في بعض الأحيان إج ا رء تعديلات في الط ا رئق التعليمية القائمة، وهذا يعتمد أساسا على التفاعل اللفظي داخل الغرفة الصفية باعتباره مؤش ا ر مهما يعبر على نمط التواصل، وقد انتهجت هذه الد ا رسة منهجَ وص ف التفاعلات الصفية اللفظية وتحليلها؛ من خلال التركيز على المعاينة الميدانية المباشرة باستخدام )الفيديو( واستثمار نظام فلاندرز لقياس وتحليل التفاعل الصفي اللفظي، دون إغفال المقارنة بين النسب المرصودة وبين النسب القياسية لنموذج المعلّم المثالي، وذلك للإجابة على إشكالية مفادها: ما أثر استخدام أنظمة قياس التفاعل الصفي اللفظي في تنمية مهارة التعبير الشفوي؟ وأبرز النتائج المتوصّل إليها هو أنّ المعلّمين لا يُدركون أنّ لنشاطات الحصّة التعليمية التعلّمية توزيعا وفق نسب محدّدة لتوفير جوّ تفاعليٍّ صفيٍّ ناجح ومثمر، ودليل ذلك هو الفرق الواسع بين مجملالنسب المرصودة ميدانيا وبين النسب القياسية المُتّفق عليها، وهذا الخلل يستدعي الاهتمام بمعالجته من خلال تكوين المعلّمين وتدريبهم ميدانيا وعمليّا في ميادين كثيرة.This study aims to highlight the importance of the interactive relationship between the teacher and his learners and between the learners with each other. It sometimes requires making adjustments to the existing educational methods. This depends mainly on verbal interaction within the classroom. This study adopted the approach of describing and analyzing verbal classroom interactions. By focusing on direct inspection using (video) and utilizing Flanders’ system for measuring and analyzing verbal classroom interaction, without neglecting to compare the observed percentages with the standard percentages of the ideal teacher model to answer the problem: What is the effect of using systems for measuring verbal classroom interaction in developing the skill of Oral expression? The most prominent results reached are that teachers do not realize that the activities of the learning classroom are distributed according to specific ratios to provide a successful and fruitful classroom interactive atmosphere. The evidence for this is the wide difference between the overall ratios observed in the classroom and the agreed-upon standard ratios. This imbalance calls for attention to be addressed through teacher training practically in many fields

Globalization Authority: Fragmentation of Self and Disturbance of Religious Identity from Distortion to Extremism in Amin Ben Batta’s “Overdrive”

Globalization stands as a pivotal reality deeply ingrained within diverse ideologies, exerting significant influence across political, social, and cultural dimensions. Central to its impact is the concept of religion, pivotal for its role in reshaping societal identity structures. This study seeks to investigate the implications and consequences of globalization on the religious landscape, employing a descriptive-analytical approach to the novel Overdrive by Amin Ben Battha. The research critically examines the narratives of Jewish and Christian believers before and after the alteration of sacred texts, explores the proliferation of discourses centered on violence, extremism, and the rejection of moderation within Muslim communities, and ultimately considers globalization’s objective of eroding religious distinctiveness in favor of a unified global identity ideology. Furthermore, the study critiques the condemnation of unfettered public freedoms by transforming monotheism into a mere ideological belief.Haut du formulair

Nigeria’s Role in the Promotion of Peace and Security in the Gulf of Guinea through Multilateral Cooperation 2001-2022

his work examines Nigeria’s role in promoting peace and security in the Gulf of Guinea region. The regional security theory (RST), which highlights the link of interdependent relationships among states within a region, serves as the theoretical framework of the study. The objective of the research is to evaluate Nigeria’s contributions to peace and security through multilateral cooperation in the Gulf of Guinea region.The study utilizessecondary data from credible sources such as official reports, policy documents, books, diplomatic records, magazines, Newspapers, internet sources, and academic literature.Documentary evidence was used to analyze the data obtained. The data collection process follows specific criteria for relevance, reliability, and credibility.The findings reveal that Nigeria to promote peace and security in the Gulf Region, actively engages in multilateral initiatives and collaborations, such as those within the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) since its establishment in 1975, the Yaoundé Architecture since 2013, and the Gulf of Guinea Commission (GGC) since 2001. In addition, to promote peace and security Nigeria participates in joint patrols, intelligence sharing, capacity building, and collaborative efforts to address maritime security challenges. The study highlights the importance of international cooperation and partnerships in supporting Nigeria’s efforts. Consequently, the work emphasizes the significance of fostering closer collaboration among the Gulf of Guinea countries to enhance maritime security in the area. Collaboration with shipping companies, naval industry stakeholders, and port authorities is essential for sharing information, implementing best practices, and developing joint initiatives to improve security measures and promote a safe operating environment. While progress has been made, the work underscores challenges related to limited resources, capacity gaps, and memberstates coordination. It emphasizes the need for sustained commitment, cooperation, and investment in capacity building and technology to address peace and security challenges in the Gulf of Guinea. The work suggests further research to explore the effectiveness of multilateral initiatives, Nigeria’s domestic factors, non-traditional security threats, regional dynamics and cooperation, and gender and inclusivity considerations in Nigeria’s promotion of peace and security in the Gulf of Guinea

The Scourge of Human Capital Flight on Nigeria’s Health System

The health workforce constitutes essential component of the effective service delivery of any health system. Today, Nigeria’s health system is faced with the trajectory of human capital flight, coupled with significant number of skilled personnel migrating to other countries for greener pastures. The trajectory poses challenges to the Nigerian society and therefore deserves attention from the academic community. The article, therefore, aimed at examining the magnitude, drivers, and consequences associated with human capital flight in Nigeria’s health system. The article employs world system theory of migration, which was developed by Immanuel Wallerstein, as the theoretical framework. Regarding methodology, the article employs a secondary source of information, where the author sourced, reviewed and organized relevant articles and materials to advance the thrust of the subject matter. Findings from the existing literature reveal that the scourge of human capital flight in Nigeria has created additional burdens for the public health system, coupled with poor service delivery and health outcomes. The article, therefore, recommends a paradigm shift such that various stakeholders in the country put in place efficient measures toward mitigating the trajectory of human capital flight in Nigeria’s health system so as to respond to the health needs of the citizens

Analysis of Public and Private Treatment Services for Substance Use Disorders in Kaduna State, Nigeria

Inappropriate use of substances, also known as substance abuse, especially among youths constitutes a problem globally. The trajectory of substance abuse exposes individuals to various health problems and disorders. To this end, the provision of treatment services is considered an important measure towards addressing the side effects of the inappropriate use of substances. Focusing on Kaduna State, Nigeria, this study analyzes public and private facilities available for individuals facing substance use disorders. The study employed quantitative and qualitative data collection methods, with the administration of questionnaires and in-depth interview guides to respondents and research participants in selected treatment facilities. Copies of questionnaires were administered to eighty-six staff while in-depth interviews were conducted on eight (8) staff of the selected treatment facilities. The study leverages Talcott Parson’s social system theory to explain the subject matter. Findings from the study revealed that the selected facilities provided evidence-based psychosocial treatment services to the victims of substance abuse. In addition to other medical services provided by public and private treatment facilities, findings revealed that public facilities provided HIV/AIDs services than private facilities. Unlike private treatment facilities, the study discovered that wraparound services (such as vocational training) are minimally provided by public facilities. Despite the importance of supportive services towards optimal rehabilitation of victims of substance abuse, the study revealed that both public and private facilities neglect such services. The study therefore recommends strong collaboration among the existing treatment facilities towards the provision of optimal skills and rehabilitation of victims of substance abuse and its associated disorders

Comparing the Effectiveness of Grammar Translation Method and Unit-Shift on Translation-accuracy of Students at Intermediate Level in EFL Contexts

Translating a Source Text into a Target Language becomes inevitable in the EFL context. Though the complete equivalence of the Source Text into the Target Language is not yet possible, the translation accuracy reduces the loss of the equivalence gap between the Source Text and the Target Language. The current study aims to explain the effectiveness of two translation methods i.e., Grammar Translation Method and Unit-shift in translation accuracy of the students at intermediate level in the EFL contexts. The data for this study is collected through a field survey and teaching in the actual classroom and post-tests. This is a mixed-method study using quantitative data to support the qualitative analysis. The analysis of the data was conducted using the Quantitative Content Analysis theory by Bernard (1952) and Translation Shifts by Catford (1965). The findings of the study have revealed that unit shifts have helped increase the translation accuracy of the students at an intermediate level in the EFL contexts by 11.82% as compared to the Grammar Translation Method. This study helps find the effectiveness of unit shifts in solving the problems faced by intermediate students during the process of translation

The Fences and Tissues in Counter-Representation: How to Suckle from the Wolf Without Biting You by Amara Lakhous as a Case Study

تسعى ورقتنا البحثية إلى البحث في كيفية اشتغال أسيجة التمثيل، وتعرية الذئب المتوحش الكامن في الإنسان الغربي، من خلال تقصي أنسجة السّرد المقاوم لها في الإطاحة بالعنصرية الثقافية، والدعوة إلى معادلة ثقافية إنسانية، فكانت رواية "كيف ترضع من الذئبة دون أن تعضك" لعمارة لغوص إلى جانب الدراسات الفكرية آلية دفاعية مشروعة للحدّ من أشكال الهيمنة، وإنهاء أسطورة التمثيل والوصاية، فآثرنا أن تكون المقاربة النقدية الثقافية آلية لتقصي الأنساق الثقافية الغربية وكيفية اشتغالها في عالمي الحقيقة/ الواقع، والخيال/ السرد، من خلال طرحها لإشكاليات تتعلق بسؤال الأنا ومآلات الذات، وفي الوقت نفسه هي أسئلة أعادت قراءة الآخر من منطلق تعرية مقولاته المتمركزة حول هذه الذات، التي تنشد من خلال خطابها الثقافي المضاد تهشيم هذه المقولات، ومن ثمة فهي إشكالية تحاول استقراء كيفية تمظهر هذه الأسيجة الثقافية المضمرة المحاصرة لحدود الخطاب التمثيلي الثقافي المضاد، لمعرفة إلى أي مدى استطاع هذا الخطاب نسج مرافعة إدانة لهذا التمثيل الثقافي العنصري المتحيّز؟.Our research paper seeks to investigate how the fences of representation work and expose the savage wolf latent in the Western man, by investigating the tissues of the narrative that resist it in prolonging cultural racism and calling for a humane cultural equation, so the novel How to Suckle from the Wolf Without Biting you by Amara Lakhous along with intellectual studies was a legitimate defense mechanism to limit the forms of domination and end the myth of representation and guardianship, we chose the cultural critical approach as a mechanism to investigate the Western cultural patterns and how they work In the worlds of truth/reality and fiction/narrative, by posing questions related to the question of the ego and the fate of the self, and at the same time they are questions that reread the other in terms of exposing its arguments centered on this self, which seeks through its counter-cultural discourse to smash these arguments, hence it is an issue that tries to extrapolate how these implicit cultural fences that surround the boundaries of the counter-cultural representational discourse appear, to see how far this discourse was able to weave an argument condemning this biased, racist cultural representation

Arabic texts founded for Non- Euclidean Geometry Book “Editing the Principles of Geometry and Arithmetic” by Euclid as a Model

حظي علم الهندسة باهتمام العلماء المسلمين والعرب على اختلاف مشاربهم وتخصصاتهم، فكان الكندي أول فيلسوف للعرب يعتقد أن الإنسان لا يكون فيلسوفا من غير أن يلم بعلم الهندسة، ولهذا أوضح أن البراهين أساس الرياضيات وألف في الهندسة رسالة عن علم الهندسة الكروية، ففتح الباب واسعا للاهتمام بالهندسة حيث؛ ترجمت كتب إقليدس وتم تجاوز مضامينها المعرفية، من قبل العلماء المسلمين وعلى رأسهم نصير الدين الطوسي (1201-1274)م، مما جعل المؤرخون للعلوم الرياضية يعترفون بأنه يعتبر نقطة التحول في تطور علم الهندسة وظهور الهندسة اللا إقليدية الجديدة التي تلعب الآن دورا كبيرا في دراسة الفضاء الطبيعي، وتفسيرات النظرية النسبية الخاصة والعامة، وحتى نظرية الكوانتم.يهدف البحث إلى الكشف عن النصوص المكتوبة باللغة العربية، والتي حررها نصير الدين الطوسي، والتي ينتقد من خلالها المسلمة الخامسة لإقليدس، ويؤسس للهندسة اللا إقليدية، التي امتد تأثيرها إلى الرياضيات المعاصرة، كما يهدف إلى معرفة تأثير هذه النصوص في الإنجازات الجديدة في علم الهندسة والرياضيات والفيزياء.Geometry science has got the attention of Muslim and Arab scientists of different backgrounds and specialities. Thus, Al-kindi was the first philosopher of the Arabs who believed that man was not a philosopher without being familiar with the science of geometry. Hence, he explained that proofs are the basis of mathematics. In geometry, he wrote a treatise on spherical geometry. Hence, this opened a wide door to interest in geometry while Euclid’s books were translated and went beyond tacit knowledge from Muslim Scientists led by Nasir al- dine al –Tusi. Which made his torians confess that it is of Historians of mathematical sciences confession that. It is considered the shifting point In the growth of geometry science as well as the emergence of neo-Euclidean geometry which presently Plays a crucial role in the study of natural space. The explications of the special and the general theory of relativity and even the quantum theory. It aims to know the impact of these texts on contributions in geometry Mathematics and physics