Smart cereal: Healthy cereal innovation based on breadfurnish flour and trembesi seed flour as an alternative to prevent diabetes mellitus

Background: Wheat is one of the staple foods in Indonesia. The demand for wheat increases along with the population growth. Unfortunately, the supply of wheat is quite limited. In addition, wheat has a high glycemic index so it is dangerous for consumption by people with diabetes mellitus. Based on this, it is necessary to make efforts to find alternative ingredients to replace wheat. Methods: The research method is a literature review.  Finding: The results of searches from various sources indicate that breadfruit and trembesi seeds can be processed into flour and used as a substitute for wheat. Breadfruit and trembesi seed has a low glycemic index content than wheat flour. Breadfruit flour and trembesi seed flour have the potential to be made into healthy cereals to prevent diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: Cereal from breadfruit and trembesi seed flour is healthier than cereal made from wheat flour. Novelty/Originality of this article: Until now, there has been no cereal made from the two ingredients we use, namely breadfruit and rain seeds. Both of these ingredients are easy to obtain, have a low glycemic index, and are safe for consumption by people with diabetes mellitus

Climate change impacts on coffee production in Indonesia: A review

Indonesia is ranked in the top 5 coffee production countries in the world with the largest production being Arabica and Robusta coffee beans. Approximately ninety percent of coffee produced in Indonesia is being exported and as the trend in local consumption increases, the demand for coffee is escalating. However, future coffee production is challenged by climate change. Background: This paper outlines the impacts of climate change variables including environmental stressors on coffee production quality and quantity of Arabica and Robusta species, discusses the influences on suitable areas for coffee cultivation and the coffee pests related to coffee productivity, as well as suggests mitigation and adaptation approaches in Indonesia. Methods: The literature review approach was utilized to complete this paper which involves collecting, analyzing, and correlating the findings of prior studies. The paper only considered literature with the following terms in the title; climate change impact, coffee production, mitigation, adaptation, and Indonesia. Finding: Increasing temperature degrades coffee production both in Arabica and Robusta coffee beans. The overall suitable area for cultivating coffee is shifting towards higher altitudes However, Indonesia is projected to lose more than half of the suitable area for cultivating Arabica by the year 2050. Climate change improves coffee pests' thermal tolerance and enables them to grow in warm temperatures. Conclusion: Common mitigation approaches include shade plantation and soil moisturization control which both improve coffee productivity. Another strategy is the cultivation calendar modified the coffee life cycle with climate prediction.

Climate change and its mitigation in agricultural country

Background: This research aims to discuss climate change and its mitigation and adaptation, especially in the agriculture sector. It will help in formulating and managing this sector if someday there are so many cases that make a mess in this sector. Methods: This research is conducted as qualitative research. Finding: Agriculture holds some important rules for a country, humans, and other living organisms. Indonesia as an agricultural country has so many sources that are impacted by climate change. Climate change is affecting so many aspects. Agriculture is one of the greatest things that will get the serious impact from climate change. In global, agriculture gives about 14% of the total emissions, and in national, it gives about 12%. Although it seems little the negative impacts are felt by the living organisms. The impacts of climate change need active efforts to anticipate it through mitigation and adaptation strategies. Conclusion: The mitigation technology will reduce greenhouse gas and the agriculture field by using low-emission varieties, water, and land management technology

The role of implementing carbon market scheme and carbon trading as an effort to mitigate climate change

Increasing the amount of greenhouse emissions is a challenge that must be faced considering that these emissions are one of the causes of greenhouse gases, the implementation of carbon markets and carbon trading is an effective effort to implement. Background: This journal aims to examine the role of carbon trading and carbon markets in reducing global emissions. Methods: The data collection method uses a literature review of reading materials that are relevant to the topic and uses qualitative analysis techniques. Finding: From the results of the research it can be seen that the application of an emission trading system is the right thing to implement to reduce carbon emissions, but in its implementation it still requires cooperation from several parties. Conclusion: The concept of trade and carbon market is very urgent to be implemented in Indonesia considering the deteriorating environmental conditions that will affect the quality of public health. The implementation of this system can achieve the emission reduction target as committed by Indonesia at the international level