Transition risk analysis in the mining sector and its implications for environmental conflict: A Case study approach

Background: Climate change has become a major challenge of the 21st century, driving a global transition toward low-carbon energy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, with a target of Net Zero Emissions (NZE) by 2050. The mining sector, particularly coal, faces significant transition risks, such as declining coal demand, rising operational costs, and social and environmental impacts due to increasingly stringent emission reduction policies. PT ABC, as a major coal producer in Indonesia, must adapt by shifting to renewable energy, reducing its dependence on coal, and managing transition risks while seizing opportunities for energy diversification. Methods: This study analyzes the transition risks faced by PT ABC, focusing on the impact of global climate policies, fluctuations in international carbon prices, and the shift toward renewable energy on the company’s financial performance. Findings: The analysis shows that the company needs to reduce emissions by approximately 993,478 tons of CO₂eq per year to meet Indonesia’s emission reduction targets in the Enhanced Nationally Determined Contributions (ENDC), with an additional annual cost of around IDR 29.8 billion at a carbon price of IDR 30,000 per ton. If carbon prices increase, costs could reach IDR 140.5 billion or IDR 198.7 billion by 2030. This study identifies four main transition risks: government policy changes, carbon price fluctuations, declining coal demand, and the implementation of a carbon tax. Conclusion: To mitigate financial and operational impacts, PT ABC needs to adopt environmentally friendly technologies, diversify investments in renewable energy, and improve energy efficiency. These risk mitigation efforts are expected to reduce negative impacts and support the company’s operational sustainability amid the global energy transition. Novelty/Originality of this article: By quantifying emission reduction costs and potential carbon price impacts, it offers insights into strategic measures for coal companies adapting to the low-carbon transition

Conservation through entertainment: Analyzing digital reception of wildlife messaging in popular Indonesian cinema

Background: Wildlife conservation is rarely portrayed in Indonesian cinema. Petualangan Sherina 2 (2023) brings attention to orangutan conservation and critiques the exploitation of wild animals by influencers. Despite ongoing online discourse and legal protections, public awareness remains low. This study explores how the film represents these issues through anthropocentric and biocentric perspectives. Methods: Using qualitative content analysis, key scenes, characters, and songs are examined to identify ecological values. Audience perception is assessed through sentiment data from Google Trends and social media posts on X (formerly Twitter). Findings: The film presents strong anthropocentric and biocentric messages. However, public interest peaked at the film’s release and quickly declined. Online responses focused more on nostalgia and entertainment than environmental themes. Conclusion: Petualangan Sherina 2 delivers a strong conservation message by blending entertainment and education. However, audience engagement remains limited, highlighting the need for ongoing media efforts. Nostalgia and cultural storytelling enhance the film's impact on biodiversity awareness. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study uniquely combines film analysis with digital sentiment tracking to evaluate environmental messaging in Indonesian popular cinema

Overtourism after the COVID-19 pandemic: Ecological degradation and social tensions in tourist destinations

Background: Bali, one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world, has experienced a surge in visitor numbers following the COVID-19 pandemic. While tourism has significantly contributed to the recovery of the local economy, overtourism has emerged as a phenomenon that is causing various environmental and social problems. One of the issues caused by tourism in Bali is the increase in land and property rental prices, as well as the transformation and utilisation of traditional spaces for commercial purposes. This shift not only displaces local communities but also threatens the cultural heritage that makes Bali unique, prompting calls for more sustainable tourism practices that prioritize both the environment and the well-being of residents. Methods: The scope of this research is Bali, especially in the south Bali region, which has been reported to experience overtourism after recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic. This research uses secondary data from published research and other sources, as well as interviews with policymakers, local residents, and related institutions. Findings: This paper aims to analyse environmental degradation and social problems caused by overtourism, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. The decline in environmental quality has raised concerns among local communities and conservation activists. Furthermore, the social fabric of the region has been strained, as the increasing number of visitors has contributed to increased competition for resources and changed the traditional way of life for many residents. Conclusion: Overtourism in Bali post-pandemic has led to environmental degradation and social disruptions. Sustainable tourism practices are needed to balance economic benefits with the preservation of local communities and cultural heritage. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study highlights the impact of overtourism in Bali after the COVID-19 pandemic, integrating environmental and social perspectives. By using secondary data and interviews with key stakeholders, it provides insights into the urgent need for sustainable tourism strategies

A flowing crisis and its human toll: Addressing environmental challenges in contaminated river systems

Background: The Citarum River, which spans 300 km in West Java, Indonesia, plays an important role as a water source for more than 30 million people as well as supporting irrigation, industry, and hydropower generation. However, in recent decades, the river has faced serious pollution from human activities, particularly industrial, domestic, and agricultural waste. Industrial effluents, particularly from the textile and manufacturing sectors, contain harmful chemicals such as heavy metals and synthetic dyes that contaminate water quality. Domestic and agricultural effluents add to the pollution load with microplastics, pesticides, and organic matter that cause eutrophication. Methods: River water quality observations showed significant variations in temperature, pH, DO, BOD, and COD at several observation stations. Findings: The impact of this pollution extends to public health, triggering illnesses such as diarrhea and heavy metal exposure, which can damage nerves and increase the risk of cancer. From an environmental perspective, pollution of the Citarum River damages the ecosystem and threatens biodiversity, including endemic species that depend on the river. These data confirm serious pollution, which requires more efforts to address the environmental and health problems it causes. Conclusion: Serious pollution in the Citarum River has led to environmental degradation and public health risks. Immediate and effective mitigation efforts are required to restore water quality and protect affected communities and ecosystems. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study highlights the combined impact of industrial, domestic, and agricultural pollution on both human health and biodiversity

The role of political influence in shaping national energy policy and environmental sustainability

Background: Indonesia's efforts to transition to low-carbon energy are one part of rescaling environmental governance through a process of decentralization, and many actors at the governance level are involved in the transition to low-carbon energy. This research discusses the direction of energy supply policy in Indonesia in the future and its relationship with interested parties, especially the central government. Methods: This study uses literature study and document analysis with stakeholder mapping and PESTEL analysis to examine the energy transition policy in Indonesia, especially the electricity sector. The main focus is on the political aspect by considering economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors. Findings: The results show that regulatory and institutional areas have been restricted during the energy plan-making process, all centralized under central government control making it impossible for local action to take place. However, how sub-national actors can harness this space is influenced by many variables, such as political-economic structures, public participation, and power relations. Conclusion: It can increase understanding of the energy transition at every level and offer useful policy advice to engage all interested parties at national and local levels. The openness of the energy transition should be reformed and reduced from the non-substantial political influence for the matter of all Indonesian people. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study provides a unique perspective on Indonesia's energy transition by critically examining the role of governance decentralization in shaping policy directions. Unlike previous studies that focus solely on technological or economic aspects, this research integrates political, social, and environmental dimensions through stakeholder mapping and PESTEL analysis.

The effect of glass waste on climate change

Currently, a lot of Glass Waste is scratted everywhere. This happens with the increasing use of glass objects for building needs or household appliances. Glass Waste is waste that is considered dangerous if it is disposed of in any place, because it is feared that it will be stepped on or injure other parts of the human body. As we know, Glass Waste is also very difficult to decompose in the soil, and it takes hundreds of years to decompose. Because Glass is not biodegradable substance, landfill are not an environmentally responsible way to dispose of it. As a result, efficient waste glass management is quite important. Scattered Glass Waste will only add to the problem for the environment, and even worse, it will affect climate change. Climate change will result in many negative things for humans and the environment

Konflik sosial dan lingkungan di sektor energi terbarukan: Tinjauan pada skala global

The increasing social and environmental issues and the depletion of natural resources have led many countries to shift from using non-renewable energy sources (fossil fuels) to renewable energy sources (solar energy, geothermal, etc.). This energy transition is aimed at sustainable practices. However, the process poses new social, economic, and environmental challenges that policymakers must address effectively. Economic support from the government is a key factor in the success of implementing this transition. Nevertheless, it is undeniable that the shift to renewable energy has generated social conflicts among stakeholders, such as debates over the construction of power plants that are perceived to have limited benefits for the communities around the plant area. The need for renewable energy arises as a solution to the insufficient electricity supply in developing countries, especially in rural areas. Various stakeholders offer solutions to overcome social challenges in the community during this transition. The objective of this literature review is to identify and analyze social and environmental issues arising from the transition from non-renewable to renewable energy sources. The results obtained will be presented descriptively, supplemented with matrices or tables. The articles used in this study draw examples from the implementation of renewable energy transitions in various countries such as Taiwan, Canada, Brazil, Poland, South Korea, Indonesia, and others. The challenges faced by each country in implementing renewable energy transitions exhibit similarities, and the solutions used to mitigate these challenges also share commonalities

Manajemen risiko industri minyak bumi dan gas pada proses industri dan manajemen risiko

The oil and gas industry is characterized by high-risk levels, necessitating integrated risk management. Risk control is achieved through a combination of engineering design, administrative measures, and the provision of personal protective equipment. Effective risk management implementation is crucial to ensuring workplace safety, preventing financial losses, and maintaining the sustainability of oil and gas industry operations. This research discusses risk management in the oil and gas industry. This industry poses various potential hazards that can have negative impacts, requiring integrated and systematic risk management. The objective of this research is to understand the processes in the oil and gas industry, potential hazards, and their risk controls. Literature review results indicate that the oil and gas industry process spans from exploration to the distribution of end products. Potential hazards include explosions and fires, confined space hazards, accident and collision hazards, entrapment hazards, and fall hazards. Risk control is conducted through risk identification and assessment based on probability and severity, followed by determining risk categories and recommended controls. Recommendations for risk control in this industry include the strict implementation of safety procedures, regular audits and inspections, adequate engineering design, safety training, and the effective use of personal protective equipment. With effective risk management, it is expected that the oil and gas industry can operate more safely and sustainably

Konflik pengelolaan logam berat dalam sistem pertanian berkelanjutan: Pemanfaatan kitosan cangkang kerang sebagai flokulan berteknologi elektrokoagulasi, absorpsi, dan filtrasi

Background: Water plays a central role in sustaining human life and ecosystems on Earth. It is used in various aspects of daily life, including consumption, agriculture, and industry. However, current environmental issues indicate that we are experiencing severe disruptions in water ecosystems, especially concerning water pollution. To address this problem, the proposed solution is to implement the principles of electrocoagulation, adsorption, and filtration to recycle wastewater from the tofu industry and mitigate serious water pollution issues. Methods: This study is an experiment testing electrocoagulation, adsorption, and filtration devices, as well as the effectiveness of green mussel shell chitosan as an adsorbent. The study will be conducted in Boyolali for two months, using chili plants and Nile tilapia as samples. The samples will be given three treatments: wastewater, recycled water, and well water (control). The research procedure includes device fabrication, testing, and evaluation. Data will be analyzed through pH, temperature, DO, TAN, metal content in water, plant growth, and Nile tilapia survival rate tests. Findings: Electrocoagulation as the initial stage of wastewater treatment aims to precipitate solid particles through redox reactions, while the adsorption stage using chitosan from green mussels is designed to effectively filter toxic metal ions. Subsequently, advanced filtration is performed to enhance filtering efficiency. In addition to environmental benefits, this innovation also offers economic potential through the use of green mussels to produce chitosan. Chitosan, with its cationic properties, non-toxic biological profile, and chemical reactivity, makes it an ideal adsorption agent. The management of this solution involves four main stages: 1) Planning stage (Plan); 2) Implementation stage; 3) Control stage (Check); 4) Action stage; Implementation. Conclusion: The recycled wastewater from tofu production is expected to support sustainable agriculture, serving as a substitute for main water sources, especially during the dry season. Novelty/Originality of this article: This research explores a sustainable solution for water pollution using electrocoagulation, adsorption, and filtration with green mussel shell chitosan, leveraging the economic potential of green mussels, and applying recycled water to agriculture and aquaculture

Konflik pembangunan pabrik semen di pegunungan Kendeng, Jawa Tengah (Analisis konflik tenurial menggunakan teori konflik karl marx)

oai:ojs2.journal-iasssf.com:article/463The Kendeng mountains, stretching from several regions in Central Java to East Java, have the potential for abundant limestone and groundwater resources. This poses a problem when the government and investors seek to exploit these resources for commercial purposes, while local communities and influential academics choose it as a conservation site. Based on the Governor of Central Java's Decree Number 660.1/17 of 2012 regarding the Environmental Permit for Mining Activities by PT. Semen Gresik (Persero) Tbk, which has been renamed PT. Semen Indonesia since 2012, they have been conducting mining activities in the Kendeng Mountains region. Subsequently, both the local community and environmental organizations have filed lawsuits concerning the feared deterioration of groundwater quality. This research aims to describe the conflicts arising from the rejection of the cement factory construction in Kendeng by conducting a descriptive analysis with data collection techniques from literature studies and content analysis of mass media. Karl Marx's conflict theory is employed to analyze the focus of this research. The conclusion drawn is that despite various legal efforts to address the rejection of the factory construction, in practice, decisions on construction and environmental permits for mining activities are still within the jurisdiction of local authorities