Pentingnya unsur hara fosfor untuk pertumbuhan tanaman padi

Background: The need for carbohydrates for our bodies makes rice a staple food, especially for the Indonesian people. The increasing population means that the need for food will certainly continue to increase. So in this case, increasing rice production is certainly very important to do in order to meet the needs of the population. Findings: Phosphorus makes up about 0.2% of the dry weight of plants, and plants will not grow if this element is not sufficient. Phosphorus plays a role in the circulation of energy in plants, which is obtained from photosynthesis, respiration, and carbohydrate metabolism in the form of ATP and ADP. In addition, phosphorus also has the property of easily reacting with soil and easily binding to other compounds (Al and Fe), so that the P element cannot be utilized by plants. Methods: This paper uses a literature study method, which is sourced from literature such as scientific articles, books, journals, and online media. Conclusion: Phosphorus nutrients are very important for plant growth which is an essential element for plants because it is a limiting factor that affects plant growth and production. In rice plants, the element P plays a role in encouraging the growth and formation of panicles, triggering flowering and fruit ripening especially in low climate conditions, encouraging more clump/tiller formation which allows faster recovery and adaptation when rice plants experience stress, and supporting the formation of better grain and having better nutritional content in relation to the P content in the seeds

Ekstraksi dan uji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol batang bintangur (calophyllum soulattri)

Background: Cigarette smoke, fried and grilled foods, excessive exposure to sunlight, motor vehicle fumes, certain drugs, toxins and air pollution are some sources of free radical compounds. As a result of homolytic breakdown, a molecule will break down into free radicals that have unpaired electrons. Electrons need a partner to balance their spin value, so that radical molecules become unstable and easily react with other molecules, forming new radicals. Findings: To prevent or reduce chronic diseases due to free radicals, antioxidants are needed. Antioxidants can slow down or inhibit the oxidation of substances that are easily oxidized even in low concentrations. Antioxidants can neutralize free radicals by donating one proton atom, making free radicals stable and non-reactive. Methods: Extraction is carried out by the maceration method, which is to soak the simplicia with ethanol solvent. This maceration process is carried out for 24 hours, then the solution containing the extract is filtered using filter paper. This maceration process is carried out three times. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of bintangur stem has quite high antioxidant activity, this can be proven by the IC50 value obtained of 3.05 ppm, this value is almost close to the IC50 value of vitamin C, which is 2.9 ppm, and by the appearance of spots in the Thin Layer Chromatography test

The application of zeolite in reducing green house gases in agriculture field

Background: The addition of Zeolite 4A  affected cumulative greenhouse emissions from rice. Zeolite 4A has been found to adsorb CH4 and CO2, reducing overall emissions. The combination of zeolite and  fertilizer administration in one or two applications provided an anti-synergistic effect. Methods: The chemical fertilizers and sustained release organic fertilizers used were 16200, 4600 and 666, respectively, and the amount was 31.25 gm2. Findings: Higher fertilization stimulated harvesting, resulting in higher yields and higher proportions of good grain, but less efficient GHG reductions. The ratio of zeolite 4A to fertilizer should be higher than 3: 1 to reduce the increase in greenhouse gas emissions  from the use of fertilizer. This treatment resulted in an emission reduction efficiency of 34.69% in proportion to 21.62 g CO2eq m2 g1 zeolite. Conclusion: In the current study, two applications, fertilizer and zeolite 4A, showed the best performance in reducing emissions. However, it is advisable to increase the ratio of zeolite to fertilizer. Similarly, sustained release organic fertilizers resulted in increased CH4 emissions due to the action of methanogens on  organic matter. However, plant growth,  good grain proportions, and total grain yields increased. Further research is recommended to investigate the optimal ratio of zeolite 4A to organic and synthetic fertilizers for rice cultivation

Analisis model pembangunan pertanian di Desa Jaten Kecamatan Jaten Kabupaten Karanganyar

Background: The ongoing development of agriculture has not succeeded in elevating farmers and agriculture to their proper position. The gap in the welfare of farmers compared to workers in other sectors is indeed widening. Findings: Progress in the agricultural sector will be realized if development planners, in this case the government, are serious about managing the existing natural potential and can improve the welfare of agricultural managers. Agricultural modernization is absolutely necessary for progress in agricultural development because modernization is one of the requirements to be able to compete and improve the quality of agricultural products. Methods: A qualitative approach is a research procedure that produces descriptive data in the form of written or spoken words from people and observed behavior. The descriptive-qualitative research method focuses on problems based on facts carried out by means of observation, interviews, and studying documents. Conclusion: The potential of Jaten Village that can be developed is PAD. The main livelihood of the majority of the Jaten village population is in the non-agricultural sector. The technology in Jaten Village is already very good. The internet network in Jaten Village is very easily accessible

The influence of temperature and solvent quantity on soxhlet extraction process towards total phenolic content (TPC)

oai:ojs2.journal-iasssf.com:article/601Background: Banana is a giant herbaceous plant with elongated large leaves from the Musaceae family. Several types of bananas (Musa acuminate, M. balbisiana, and M. paradisiaca) produce edible fruits that are named the same. Banana production in Indonesia is quite large. According to the Fixed Figures (ATAP) in 2013, banana production reached 6.28 million tons. Methods: The purpose of this research is to determine the total phenol content in kepok banana peels using the extraction method (soxhlet) with variations of solvents, namely ethanol and methanol. Findings: First, the material is cleaned, dried under the sun and oven, then blended into powder, made into simplisia, then extracted in a soxhlet tube, and the final step is separation. Conclusion: The results of the analysis obtained stated that the highest phenol content was obtained in methanol solvent, namely 0.82 mg/g GAE

Pengembangan sistem pertanian bawang merah: uji daya hasil produksi true shallot seed

Background: One of the leading horticultural commodities in Nganjuk District, East Java, with the highest production potential, is shallots. The study aimed to obtain a model that could be developed in Nganjuk District, East Java Province, in the shallot farming system. Methods: The research was conducted in lowland rice fields in Nganjuk District. The research involved three cooperative farmers with a land area of 1 hectare. This research provided treatments to four varieties of True Shallot Seed shallots, namely Bima Brebes, Trisula, and Lokananta. The treatments were then repeated four times. A randomized block design was used with data on plant growth, central pest and disease attacks, and yield components. The collected data were then processed and statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and further Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) and other tests at a 95% confidence level. Findings: Harvest results varied according to plant conditions and growth, but the True Shallot Seed variety Bima Brebes was the most optimal in terms of the number of bulbs and yield weight of the plants. The constraints of seed production process were the low percentage of flowering and seed formation (seed-set). Conclusion: The research results showed that the Bima shallot variety is most suitable for development and recommended in lowland areas of Nganjuk District

The effects of climate change on agriculture and food security

Background: Climate change is an environmental issue that affects a lot of human activities and causes damages to the Earth which of course will have linkages to the living creatures’ life. Agriculture is a part of human activities that becomes a source of human life and influences food security. It also contributes to generating oxygen (O2) and absorbing carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air. As climate change is getting uncertain each time and influenced by some factors that make climate change getting worse, this gives some impacts on agriculture and food security. Besides, there will be other issues that come from agriculture and food security matters due to climate change, such as hunger due to food crisis, etc. Thereupon, we need to know the effects of climate change on agriculture and food security to mitigate and adapt to climate change.  The objective of this literature study is to elucidate the impacts of climate change on agriculture and food security to understand the things that should be done to tackle the possibilities of bad impacts on human life. Methods: The method that was implemented was a qualitative method that utilized literature review to do the identification, evaluation and collecting information that was needed. Some papers and journals related to climate change, agriculture, and food security were used in literature review. Findings: Food production from crops and livestock is crucial for global food security. However, significant challenges to food production arise due to climate change and related factors. Heat exposure significantly affects livestock performance and welfare. Climate change also leads to soil erosion, resulting in decreased soil productivity, loss of carbon and organic nutrients, and reduced soil fertility. Conclusion: It is suggested to comprehend the effects of climate change on agriculture that will influence food security along with the well-being of people in running life

Pengaruh jenis media tanam dan konsentrasi nutrisi AB-MIX terhadap pertumbuhan selada hijau (Lactuca Sativa L.) menggunakan sistem hidroponik rakit apung

Background: Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a type of vegetable that is rich in vitamins A, B, and C. Lettuce leaves can not only be used as raw vegetables and decorations, but also have a fairly high economic value. Findings: Hydroponics has the potential to increase cultivation opportunities in Indonesia, especially due to the increasing market demand for chemical-free vegetables. In addition, with the reduction in productive land, climate change and unfavorable environmental conditions, as well as critical land problems, the application of hydroponic cultivation is becoming increasingly relevant. In Indonesia, lettuce production in 2017 was 627,611 tons, in 2018 lettuce production was 625,132 tons, in 2019 lettuce production was 638,731 tons and in 2020 it increased with lettuce production of 663,832 tons. Methods: This study was conducted using a 2-factor Randomized Block Design (RBD). Conclusion: There is an interaction between AB-Mix concentration treatment and planting media on the parameters of plant length 7 hst and number of leaves 7 hst. However, there is no interaction on the parameters of plant length 14 hst, 21 hst, 28 hst, number of leaves 14 hst, 21 hst, 28 hst, leaf area, fresh weight, root length, dry weight. The treatment of 1300 ppm concentration and rockwool planting media showed the highest average value on the growth of green lettuce. The concentration treatment factor significantly affected the number of leaves 7 hst, 14 hst, 21 hst, leaf area and fresh weight, but did not significantly affect the length of the plant 7 hst, 14 hst, 21 hst, 28 hst, number of leaves 28 hst, root length, dry weight. The treatment factor of planting media significantly affected all treatment parameters, namely plant length, number of leaves, leaf area, root length, fresh weight, dry weight

Ekstraksi fenol dari daun sirsak (annona murcata l): sokletasi dan destilasi

Background: Soursop, with the Latin name Annona muricata L, has become one of the herbal medicine materials under extensive development. One of the challenges faced in utilizing extracts from soursop leaves currently is the inefficiency of the solvents used. Methods: This study aims to determine the phenol content present in soursop leaves. The independent variable used is the process of drying soursop leaves before the soxhlet extraction process. The purpose of this process is to increase the phenol content in the concentrated soursop leaf extract after the soxhlet extraction process. Thus, this research involves two processes, namely the soxhlet extraction and distillation processes. Findings: The phenol content obtained from the FT-IR test is approximately 80-85% with an intensity at 3347.82 cm-1. Furthermore, the distillation process is carried out to obtain a distillate that will be tested using GC-MS instrument. The results of the GC-MS test show a value of approximately 1.723 with an area of 78.04. Conclusion: The longer the immersion of soursop leaves and the higher the concentration of the solvent used, the better the results tend to be. Identification of the effects of using different solvents with the same functional groups becomes important in further research

Karakteristik warna crayon dari pemanfaatan ekstraksi limbah kulit buah naga (hylocereus polyrhizus)

Background: Crayons are drawing equipment made from colored wax, charcoal, chalk, or other materials used for writing and coloring. Crayons are used in schools throughout the world because crayons are easy to use, do not make dirty, blunt, non-toxic, and have many colors. Findings: Crayons can be used from children to adults. Wax crayons are usually used by children to draw and color. One popular crayon brand is Crayola. Dragon Fruit Skin (Hylocereus polyrhizus) contains anthocyanin which can be used as a natural coloring agent for decorative preparations and also has antioxidant activity. Methods: Dragon fruit skin (Hylocereus polyrhizus) extraction has been carried out by means of dragon fruit peel extracted using the wet maceration method with 70% ethanol. The extract was then made into 2 crayon formulations with concentrations of 25% and 20%, respectively. The crayon formulation consists of paraffin wax and dragon fruit peel extract. The resulting crayons have a brownish color, and aromatic odor typical of dragon fruit peel extract. Conclusion: The results of the topical test obtained the best formula on the formula with the composition of the dragon fruit peel extract 25% and 75% paraffin wax. Based on the results of the topical test, this crayon can be used. It's just that the color and texture of crayons that are easily brittle and oily make the results of this research experiment not as expected