Fides quaerens intellectum, hindu divine philosophy and its relevance to religious moderation in Indonesia

Background: The relationship between faith and reason has been a topic of interest in both religion and philosophy. In the Western tradition, they are often viewed as distinct and difficult to reconcile. However, Hinduism emphasizes the synthesis of ritual (karmakāṇḍa) and knowledge (jñanakāṇḍa), which integrates human intellect with divine understanding. Objective: This paper explores the concept of faith and reason in both Western and Hindu philosophy, specifically looking at how these ideas are interconnected and how they influence the development of global citizenship, unity, and interfaith harmony. Methods: The study uses a comparative approach, analyzing key figures such as St. Anselm in Christian philosophy and Ādi Śaṅkarācārya and Swami Vivekananda in Hindu philosophy. The research examines their ideas on the synthesis of faith, reason, and intellect. Findings: The findings show that in both traditions, faith and reason are not mutually exclusive but are complementary. St. Anselm’s Fides quaerens intellectum and Śaṅkarācārya’s doctrine of unity promote a harmonious relationship between theology and philosophy, suggesting that reason and intellect strengthen faith and belief. Conclusion: The synthesis of faith and reason in both Western and Hindu philosophy supports the development of a global citizen who embraces diversity without conflict. Both traditions emphasize the importance of human intellect and reasoning in spiritual practice and understanding, highlighting the universal value of unity. Novelty/Originality of this article: This paper presents a unique comparative analysis of faith and reason in Western and Hindu philosophy, emphasizing their complementary roles in fostering interfaith dialogue, intellectual growth, and global citizenship

The influence of forest ecosystems on the well-being of surrounding communities: A philosophical perspective in eschatology through guattari’s three ecologies

Background: This paper examines the influence of UI Forest on the well-being of surrounding communities through Felix Guattari’s Three Ecologies perspective. The research addresses how the presence of UI Forest as an urban green space affects the physical and mental well-being of nearby residents, particularly amid the techno-scientific transformation era that threatens ecological balance. Methods: The study employs Guattari’s Three Ecologies theory, which views ecology through three dimensions: mental, social, and environmental. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with 15 respondents, including local residents and UI Forest users, such as cycling communities and runners. Findings: The analysis utilizes Guattari’s ecosophical approach, which integrates ethico-political and aesthetic aspects in understanding human-environment relationships. The findings reveal that UI Forest plays a significant role in enhancing community well-being by providing space for physical activities, contemplation, and social interaction. Access restriction policies hinder UI Forest’s potential in supporting community welfare. Conclusion: A country's happiness index is very important. The happiness index value is a consideration for policy makers in making regulations and implementing national programs. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this study lies in the multidimensional approach in analyzing the happiness index in Indonesia by considering factors that have rarely been comprehensively studied in previous studies

Importance application discipline Yāma and Niyāma for yoga trainer in Bali

Background: Application discipline Yāma and Niyāma  hold roles crucial for yoga trainers in Bali, good in development personal or professional. Yāma, which includes principles of ethics like ahimsa (without violence), satya (honesty), asteya (no stealing), brahmacharya (control self), and aparigraha (no greedy), purposeful For form moral character and integrity a yoga trainer. On the other hand , Niyāma, which consists from saucha (cleanliness), santosha (satisfaction), tapas (discipline), svadhyaya (study self), and Ishvara pranidhana (surrender to God), focuses on spiritual development and well-being inner. Practicing yoga trainer second principle This in a way consistent. Not only capable of creating an environment practice that is harmonious and conducive, but also plays a role as an example for his students. Method: This qualitative study examines how yoga trainers in Bali apply Yāma and Niyāma . Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 25 trainers, participatory observations, and documentation. Thematic analysis was used to identify and interpret key themes related to the application of these principles in teaching and personal development. Findings: Discipline Yāma and Niyāma  help coach in controlling emotions, increase concentration, and maintain mental balance, which in turn increase quality yoga teaching. Additionally, implementation​ discipline also supports coaches in undergoing a healthy and sustainable, which is essential in maintaining stamina and energy positive. In Bali, it is known as a spiritual and cultural center, and applications to Yāma and Niyāma  become more significant. Culture local rich with spiritual values are in line with the principles of yoga, so it makes it easier to coach For integrate discipline This in life daily. Conclusion: With internalization of Yāma and Niyāma , yoga trainers in Bali can enrich their spiritual experience, enhance professionalism, and deliver a more positive impact to the yoga community. Application discipline This Not only as moral rules, but as road comprehensive, reflective life​ harmony between body, mind, and soul. Novelty/Originality in this Study: This study crosses the line between ancient tradition and modern practice, revealing how the principles of Yāma and Niyāma  translate into the lived realities of yoga instructors in Bali. By investigating the unique intersection of yoga philosophy, Balinese culture, and the global wellness industry, this study provides valuable insights into the adaptation and relevance of spiritual teachings in a contemporary context

Philosophy of divinity Caitanya Mahāprabhu thinking and its relevance in the spirit of religious moderation

Background: This research aims to examine in depth the philosophy of divinity in the thoughts of Caitanya  Mahāprabhu and explore its relevance in developing the spirit of religious moderation in the contemporary era. Caitanya  Mahaprabhu, a spiritual figure and philosopher from the 15th century, offered a strong philosophical foundation for overcoming polarization and promoting peaceful coexistence. Concepts such as ananya Bhakti (unconditional devotion), prema (divine love), and rasa (spiritual feeling) in Caitanya’s thought are highly relevant in building constructive interfaith dialogue and promoting mutual understanding. Method: The research method used in this research is a qualitative method. Meanwhile, the data collection method used by researchers in this research is literature study. This research uses hermeneutic theory as a theoretical basis. In the context of this research, hermeneutics is used to interpret written texts collected through literature study, with the aim of understanding the meaning contained therein. The data analysis method in this research was carried out through thematic analysis. This method allows researchers to explore the meanings contained in the data systematically and transparently. Findings: The research results show that the divine philosophy in the thoughts of Caitanya  Mahāprabhu has significant relevance to the spirit of religious moderation, especially in the current context of globalization and religious diversity. Caitanya  Mahāprabhu, with his teachings which emphasize Bhakti (devotion) and universal love, offers a framework of thought that can be used to create harmonious inter-religious dialogue and cooperation. Conclusion: The findings of this research confirm that Caitanya  Mahāprabhu’s divine philosophy offers deep and relevant insights to support the spirit of religious moderation in the modern era. Novelty/Originality in this Study: Implementing the concepts of Bhakti (unconditional devotion), prema (divine love), and humility in various aspects of social and religious life can help create a more harmonious society. So Caitanya’s philosophy has a significant contribution in building a more peaceful and civilized world, making it relevant to the spirit of religious moderation today

Ethical reflections on environmental crisis: Insights from 'the world without us’

Background: This research delves into the book "The World Without Us" by Alan Weisman, exploring the intersection of environmental ethics and the environmental crises arising from human exploitation of nature. Method: The study employs a qualitative literature review methodology, drawing insights from primary and secondary sources to shed light on the ethical dimensions of environmental degradation. Findings: The findings underscore the critical role of environmental ethics in guiding sustainable development practices, emphasizing the need for responsible stewardship of natural resources and the preservation of biodiversity. Conclusion: The article advocates for an ethical framework that integrates environmental considerations into decision-making processes, fostering a sense of responsibility and promoting sustainable development practices that prioritize environmental health, social equity, and long-term well-being. Novelty/Originality in this Study:  By imagining a world without human presence, this study not only explores the impact of human exploitation of nature but also formulates an innovative, ethical framework for sustainable development, challenging how we view human-nature relationships

God, love, and death of Trunyan Village

Background: Trunyan Village is a traditional village on the shores of Lake Batur in Bali, Indonesia. The village has unique funeral traditions and religious beliefs. The "Death Penalty Society" is a specialised burial system where bodies are placed on the ground and surrounded by bamboo. The adore and fondness we appear to others can moreover bring meaning and bliss to our lives, indeed as we persevere melancholy and loss. It is critical to keep in mind that seeing God, adoration and passing are intensely impacted by one's culture, religion, traditions and individual views. Method: The method used is qualitative content analysis, interpreted using Goffman's Framing theory. This approach examines how structured narratives in documents and previous research about Trunyan Village influence perceptions of god, love, and death. Findings: In the context of Trunyan Village, the concepts of God, love and death can have unique meanings and are influenced by local traditions and beliefs..God and love from Trunyan village can be seen in their family relationships with the living and the dead, as they still believe in their ancestors..The love and death of the Terunyan people can be seen from their very unique funeral practices, where they say that the corpse or human body that has died will not emit odour and by doing mepasah is the only way for humans to get a good place in the afterlife. Why there is no ngaben tradition in Trunyan, only mapasah and mendem sawa, is because their culture and traditions have been passed down from generation to generation, and their understanding of the funeral process is better than the ngaben tradition. Conclusion: Back to the traditions and culture that influence why Trunyan village prefers to carry out mepasah and mendem sawa funerals. It can be concluded that the funeral tradition of mepasah or mendem sawa carried out in Trunyan village is a tradition carried out from generation to generation from their ancestors, which is a funeral activity that thinks about the concept of humanity where they have an understanding that if the human body has died it will not smell and with the taru menyan tree that grows in the setra or grave that protects the corpse from pungent odours and by covering the corpse with bamboo to protect it from wild animals. Novelty/Originality of this article: Through qualitative content analysis and Goffman's Framing theory, this study explores the meaning of God, love, and death in the context of local traditions. The proposed model includes a digital interactive platform and mobile application to preserve and disseminate knowledge about these cultural practices

Benefits of Vedic learning for improving competence and strengthening mental health

Background: The Vedas are an ancient library that is the source or book for the Hindu religion. The Vedas are used as the main guidelines and their teachings are implemented in the daily lives of Hindus. In addition to being a holy book, the Vedas also contain many values contained therein. Tattwam, Susila, and Upakara are three basic frameworks in Hinduism that need to be considered in the 21st century. Method: This research uses a qualitative method focusing on text analysis, which involves in-depth examination of written materials based on their context. The study aims to understand phenomena in their natural settings without manipulation, emphasizing the meaning and quality aspects rather than quantitative measures. Findings: There are many positive benefits of applying the vedic teachings in daily life. By realizing the existence of God, implementing the teachings of Susila and the proper implementation of Upakara in daily life. Not only as a guideline in carrying out the three basic frameworks in Hinduism but there are many other unexpected benefits gained through learning the Vedas, be it in science, character building, making life easier and also in achieving success. Not only as a source of knowledge, but the Vedas are also a source of medicine. This is contained in the Atharva Veda. Conclusion: The benefit of the Vedas that is no less important is that the Vedas are a source of Hindu Law (Dharma). Novelty/Originality of this article: Using qualitative methods focusing on text analysis, this study explores the relevance of the Vedas in everyday life in the 21st century. This research shows that the Vedas not only function as sacred scriptures and sources of knowledge but also provide benefits in character formation, facilitate life, and serve as sources of healing and legal foundation (Dharma) for Hinduism

Theory of Manu and human qualities in every age according to the Upanishad and Purana literature

Intelligent beings, often referred to as atma or spirit, are described as "atma" in the Upanishads, or as Brahman. Brahman represents the principle of the universe. Seeking guidance, humans turn to the words of God found in the Puranas and Upanishads. The concept of the manu theory and human qualities in different eras is prevalent in Vedic literature. The Puranas and Upanishads contain a section dedicated to the theory of manu and human qualities for each era. The Puranas hold a significant and strategic position in the hierarchy of the Vedas and Hindu Literature. This research aims to analyze the Manu Theory and human qualities of each era as described in Purana and Upanishad literature using qualitative descriptive research methods. The findings of this research reveal that the concept of manu theory and human qualities, as depicted in Purana and Upanishad literature, reflects Hindus' pride and increasing belief in the teachings of Hinduism as a suitable guide for navigating life in this world and the natural environment

Dialectics of religious discourse, radicalism and terrorism

An in-depth study conducted in the context of globalisation and modern social dynamics focuses on religious discourse, radicalism and terrorism. The complex interactions between religious rhetoric, radical understandings, and the emergence of acts of terrorism are discussed in this article. This research explores how religious discussions can be a fertile ground for the emergence of radical ideologies, which eventually lead to acts of terrorism, by integrating theological, psychological, and social perspectives. The research aims to gain a better understanding of the components that influence the radicalisation process by identifying the ways in which religious discourse supports radicalism. The data in this study was obtained through observation and literature review, and analysed by content analysis.  This study shows that understanding how religion, radicalism and terrorism interact is crucial to stopping and countering threats to world security because radical thinking often fuels terrorism, which uses violence as a means to achieve certain goals

The Nāṭyaśāstra text and its influence on Hindu religious art in Indonesia

This research examines the influence of the Nāṭyaśāstra, a classic text of Indian literature that focuses on the performing arts, on Hindu religious arts in Indonesia. Through an in-depth analysis of the implementation of the Nāṭyaśāstra in Hindu religious arts, this study aims to understand how this classical text plays a role in shaping and maintaining the heritage of religious arts in the Indonesian context. It is found that the Nāṭyaśāstra not only serves as a guide for artists and performers, but also influences the structure, style, and content of various Hindu religious performances in Indonesia. The principles of Nāṭyaśāstra, such as rasa (taste), aesthetics (bhava), and performance techniques, emerged as key elements in the creation and performance of religious performing arts. This research also highlights the successful adaptation and integration of local cultural elements by Hindu communities in Indonesia in the application of Nāṭyaśāstra. The results confirm that the Nāṭyaśāstra is not only the foundation but also the source of inspiration for Hindu religious art in Indonesia. The integration of local culture is not a mere reproduction, but a creative response to the social and cultural environment. This phenomenon reflects the sustainability and ongoing life of Hindu religious art, affirming religious identity while creating a unique and authentic art form. As such, this research provides a deeper understanding of the role of Nāṭyaśāstra in nurturing and enriching Hindu religious art in Indonesia. The results can contribute to the preservation of cultural heritage, cross-cultural understanding, and enrich insights into the relationship between Indian classical texts and religious art expressions in local Indonesian context