Community preparedness for flood disasters: The role of knowledge and attitudinal factors in disaster-prone areas

Background: This research was conducted in Lebakharjo Village, Malang Regency. Malang Regency is prone to flooding due to high rainfall, with Lebakharjo Village being one of the affected areas. In July 2023, the village experienced another flood, damaging 119 houses and cutting off access to the village, leaving the village isolated. The purpose of this study was to assess the level of community preparedness in Lebakharjo Village for flood disasters. Methods: This study used a quantitative descriptive method with multiple correlation tests and multiple linear regression. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires to respondents selected from flood-prone areas in Lebakharjo Village door to door. Findings: Data tabulation showed that 66 people, or 67.35%, were in the medium preparedness category, while 32 people, or 32.65%, were in the high preparedness category. This indicates the need for disaster preparedness training or evacuation simulations to improve community preparedness for floods. Knowledge and attitude significantly influence community preparedness in Lebakharjo Village for floods. The combined effect of Knowledge (X1) and Attitude (X2) variables on Community Preparedness (Y) is 28.5%, while the remaining 71.5% is influenced by other variables not covered in this study. Conclusion: This study highlights that increasing knowledge and attitudes through targeted interventions can improve flood preparedness in the Lebakharjo Village community. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study uniquely quantifies the impact of knowledge and attitudes on flood preparedness in the village, highlighting the need for targeted community training to improve preparedness

Probability analysis of occupational accidents in housing construction projects using the hazop method: A risk-based approach to safety performance improvement

Background: In construction work, occupational accidents remain one of the most critical issues in the construction industry, particularly in housing development projects that involve various high-risk activities. An occupational accident is an undesired and unexpected event that occurs in the workplace, resulting in worker injuries, equipment damage, workflow disruption, or even fatalities. Methods: This study aims to analyze the probability of work accidents using the Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP) approach to identify potential hazards and operational failures in each stage of construction work at the XYZ housing project. The method is applied to systematically review various risk scenarios based on field observations, interviews, and available safety documentation. Findings: The HAZOP analysis successfully identified six critical hazards in the XYZ housing development project, including material-related accidents, falls from heights, heavy material intrusion, and respiratory disorders from dust, primarily caused by worker negligence, lack of proper procedures, and inadequate use of PPE. Conclusion: The implementation of integrated preventive measures such as the provision of complete PPE, structured SOP development, continuous training, and strict supervision has proven to be an effective strategy in mitigating occupational accident risks in construction environments. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study presents a systematic HAZOP-based approach combined with the 5S methodology and enhanced SOP enforcement as a practical and replicable model for risk evaluation in residential construction projects

Erosion levels and comparison of erosion estimation methods in watersheds: Disaster risk assessment and environmental engineering approaches

Background: The Blongkeng Watershed is part of the Progo Watershed, located on the north-western slopes of Mount Merapi. The damage to vegetation and land degradation due to volcanic activity from Mount Merapi has led to surface runoff and erosion on the western slopes of the mountain. The aim of this study is to compare the erosion estimation models of morphometry and USLE. Methods: Morphometric parameters were obtained from the River Network Map and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) map, then analyzed quantitatively, and rankings were applied to determine the erosion sensitivity ranking within the watershed. The USLE erosion values were derived from factors affecting erosion, including rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, slope, and land cover factors. Findings: The erosion levels in the Blongkeng Watershed, calculated using the USLE method, show high values in the upper Sub-Watersheds, ranging from 7.21 to 5.94 tons/ha/year. The comparison between the morphometric and USLE erosion estimation methods yields rankings of erosion levels in the Blongkeng Watershed. The rankings are the same in the upper part of the Blongkeng Watershed, while differences in rankings appear in the middle and lower regions. Conclusion: These differences are likely due to the different input data of the two erosion estimation models and the inclusion of morphometric parameters that may not be suitable for the Blongkeng Watershed ranking calculation. The similarity in rankings in the upper regions is likely due to the area being dominated by slopes greater than 8%. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this research lies in offering a measurement and comparison of erosion levels

Analysis of implementation factors in the application of building information modeling (BIM) in construction projects: Enhancing disaster preparedness

Background: Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology is game-changing in the AEC industry. BIM can significantly improve team coordination, construction productivity, project performance, and profits. The conventional construction process, where there are often conflicts between stakeholders regarding the workflow in a job, will change with the application of BIM in construction projects. In the construction sector in Indonesia, the knowledge and experience of construction service provider companies (consultants and contractors) in Indonesia needs to be studied and documented academically to enrich the body of knowledge of BIM implementation. Methods: The data used in this study are primary data obtained through questionnaires.  The data used in this study are quantitative data processed using the Partial Least Square (PLS) method with SmartPLS 4.0 software. Conclusion: From the results of this study, it is concluded that the implementation factor has a significant influence on Building Information Modeling (BIM). Based on the outer model analysis of the SmartPLS 4.0 software, it is found that the greatest influence of the implementation factor relationship on Building Information Modeling (BIM) is 0.757 or it can be said that it is 75.7%. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study provides a unique contribution by focusing on the implementation of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in the Indonesian construction sector, particularly through the lens of construction service providers' knowledge and experience, using a robust quantitative approach with SmartPLS 4.0 to analyze the influence of implementation factors on BIM adoption

The relationship between fatigue and workplace accidents in the construction sector: A statistical study on contributing factors and risk implications

Background: Occupational accidents remain a persistent issue in the construction sector, often associated with various risk factors including worker fatigue. This study aims to analyze the effect of fatigue on the incidence of work accidents in construction projects. Previous studies have shown that fatigue can impair concentration and reaction time, leading to increased accident risks. Methods: This research employed a quantitative descriptive method with data collected through structured questionnaires from 34 construction workers. The data were analyzed using regression analysis. Additionally, instrument testing included validity tests, reliability tests, and linearity tests to ensure the accuracy and consistency of the data. Findings: The results demonstrated that worker fatigue has a significant effect on the occurrence of work accidents (p < 0.05). Factors such as long working hours, insufficient sleep, and heavy workload contributed to fatigue, which in turn increased accident potential. These results align with existing theoretical frameworks linking physical exhaustion to unsafe behaviors and reduced awareness. Conclusion: Fatigue significantly influences the frequency of workplace accidents in construction environments. Effective management of work schedules and adequate rest is essential to minimize these risks. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study offers a statistically validated perspective on the influence of fatigue on construction-related accidents, supported by rigorous instrument testing to ensure reliability and precision of findings, which contributes new empirical evidence to occupational safety literature

Spatial-temporal analysis of built-up land development in landslide-prone areas: Disaster risk assessment

Background: This study aims to analyze the development of built-up land in landslide-prone areas in Ambon City from 2014 to 2024, considering the increased disaster risk due to unplanned urbanization. Methods: The methods used include spatial temporal analysis utilizing Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 satellite imagery data, as well as landslide risk maps from the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB). Findings: The results showed that built-up land in high-risk areas increased sharply, from 429.91 hectares in 2014 to 951.65 hectares in 2024, potentially increasing vulnerability to landslides. Conclusion: The study recommends the need for stricter spatial policies and better risk management to control development in landslide-prone areas. In conclusion, wise management and integration of landslide risk maps in urban planning are essential to mitigate the negative impacts of land use change and protect communities from disasters. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study offers a unique contribution by combining spatial-temporal analysis using Landsat satellite imagery with landslide risk maps to assess the impact of unplanned urbanization on landslide-prone areas, providing new insights into the relationship between urban development and disaster risk in Ambon City

The impact of overtime duration variations on labor productivity in apartment construction projects: A study on engineering and disaster management in the construction sector

Background: Construction projects, especially apartment buildings, often face challenges such as resource limitations, unpredictable weather, and schedule delays, which lead to increased costs and reduced productivity. Overtime is a commonly adopted strategy to address these issues; however, its effect on labor productivity is complex. Methods: This study investigates the impact of varying overtime durations (1, 2, and 3 hours) on labor productivity and Labour Utilization Rate (LUR) for three critical tasks: rebar installation, concrete casting, and formwork installation in the Sky House Alam Sutera project. The Productivity Rating method and LUR analysis were used to evaluate normal productivity and productivity during overtime, with data collected through direct observation, interviews, and project documentation analysis. Findings: The results reveal that while overtime increases daily output, it also reduces productivity per hour as work hours extend. Rebar installation exhibited the most significant decline in productivity, from 493.529 kg/hour  during regular hours to 345.470 kg/hour with 3 hours of overtime. Correspondingly, the LUR improved with overtime, with rebar installation increasing from 68% under normal conditions to 72% with 3 hours of overtime. Similarly, the cost of labor increased by 9%–23% due to overtime, depending on the task and duration. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the optimal overtime duration is 1 hour, balancing productivity gains, cost efficiency, and LUR improvements, while prolonged overtime may lead to diminishing returns due to worker fatigue. This study provides insights into managing overtime in construction projects, emphasizing the importance of controlling overtime durations to achieve project objectives efficiently. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study offers an original perspective by examining the impact of varying overtime durations on both labor productivity and Labor Utilization Rate (LUR) in the context of construction projects, using a detailed analysis of three critical tasks

Analysis of the impact of forest fires: Pre-wedding incident of Mount Bromo and its disaster risk

Background: Forests play a crucial role in sustaining the environment, economy, and society by acting as carbon sinks that help mitigate climate change and maintain ecosystem balance. However, forest fires remain a growing global concern, including Indonesia. One significant fire occurred in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (TNBTS) in 2023, sparked by human negligence during a pre-wedding photoshoot. The fire damaged 1,487 hectares of land and threatened local biodiversity and ecosystems. TNBTS is home to over 1,000 plant species and holds cultural significance for the Tengger Community, who depend on its resources for their livelihoods. The research examines the environmental, economic, and social impacts of fire, using a quantitative research approach. Mentods: The methodology uses quantitative analysis using Landsat 8 imagery to assess fire severity. The Delta Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) is used to assess fire damage, while vegetation density is analyzed using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to ensure data reliability. Findings: The fire caused significant environmental damage. Economically, the tourism sector was severely affected, with the park’s closure for 13 days leading to an 80% drop in hotel occupancy, resulting in an estimated loss of IDR 89.76 billion. Socially, the Tengger people suffered, as the fire damaged sacred sites and disrupted their cultural practices. Also, it increases the stress and anxiety of society that depends on tourism and agriculture. Public concern about the incident underscored the importance of responsible behavior in national parks, this can be seen by Google Trend. Conclusion: Although signs of recovery are evident, the long-term ecological and economic impacts require continued assessment and mitigation efforts to ensure the sustainable future of TNBTS. Novelty/Originality of this article: This article offers a novel analysis of the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park fire by integrating remote sensing data with environmental, economic, and social impacts, including the unique use of Google Trends to measure public concern

Disaster preparedness in vulnerable rural communities: Integrating preparedness index and demographic variables in a post-landslide context

Background: Landslides are natural disasters that often result in significant human and material losses, especially in areas with unstable topography. In Jombang Regency, East Java, a major landslide occurred on January 28, 2014, killing 14 people and destroying infrastructure. This study aims to examine the level of disaster preparedness among the local community of Kopen Hamlet in anticipation of future landslides. Methods: This research employed a quantitative approach using survey and interview methods to collect primary data. A preparedness index was used to measure the readiness level of residents, while the Kolmogorov-Smirnov method was applied to test the normality of the data distribution based on demographic variables such as gender, age, and education. Findings: The study found that 68% of respondents were classified as sufficiently prepared, and 69% were nearly prepared depending on demographic factors. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test yielded an Asymp. Sig (2-tailed) value of 0.063, indicating that the data were normally distributed. Preparedness levels were relatively consistent across different community groups. Conclusion: The results highlight the importance of demographic factors in community disaster preparedness and provide a foundation for targeted risk reduction interventions in similar vulnerable areas. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study uniquely integrates a preparedness index with demographic analysis in a post-disaster context, offering empirical insights from a localized rural community that has received limited prior research attention in Indonesian landslide risk studies

Systemic risk of tender failures in government projects: An FMEA-based analysis of price deviation impacts on infrastructure preparedness

Background: Infrastructure preparedness during disasters depends greatly on the successful and timely execution of government construction projects, particularly multi-story buildings that function as critical public facilities. However, in practice, many of these projects experience tender failures due to significant price deviations from the Owner’s Estimate (HPS), either through underpricing or overpricing. These failures often result in delays or cancellations, disrupting the availability of essential infrastructure in emergency scenarios. Methods: This study applies the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) method to systematically identify, assess, and prioritize the underlying causes of tender failure in a government-funded multi-story building project. Data collection involved document analysis, expert validation, and structured questionnaires focusing on three key parameters: severity, occurrence, and detection of each failure mode. Findings: The results reveal two major categories of failure factors: issues related to documentation and problems in cost estimation. Documentation issues include unclear specifications and lack of expert personnel due to limited preparation time, while cost estimation problems involve insufficient market analysis, unrealistic pricing, and scheduling errors. The highest Risk Priority Numbers (RPNs) were found in the indicators “failure in offering strategy” (RPN = 22.944), “failure in prequalification” (RPN = 22.874), and “lack of expert personnel due to limited time availability” (RPN = 22.032), all of which are considered critical and indicative of systemic vulnerability in the tendering process. These critical failures highlight the potential risk they pose to infrastructure readiness, especially in disaster-prone contexts. Conclusion: Tender failures caused by price deviation pose a systemic risk to infrastructure preparedness. Reforming public procurement systems with improved risk identification and mitigation strategies—especially in document and cost estimation processes—is essential for supporting disaster-resilient infrastructure development. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study is one of the first to link FMEA-based tender risk assessment with disaster preparedness outcomes, offering a novel contribution to both construction management and resilience planning