Artificial wetlands in the conservation of water resources: An ecocentrism perspective

Background: Water pollution is a kind of environmental damage. Water pollution occurs in developing countries and developed countries. The government has made efforts to preserve water resources. However, it has only reached some levels of society because there are still many facilities that are more important than transportation, food security, and the security system. This research sees ecocentrism given the artificial marsh technique as the conservation of water resources as well as highlights equality of the purpose of the artificial marsh technique with the principle proposed ecocentrism about morality against the universe, so the proposed environmental ethics principles that have to be met in the implementation of the artificial marsh technique on sustainable preservation of water resources planning. Method: This research is library research. The research analysis is an analysis of the approach to a concept; the first phase is the interpretation and categorization, the second phase is data classification, the third phase is the analysis of synthesis, and the fourth phase is a critical evaluation by using element methodical as description, verstehen, interpretation, hermeneutic, inductive, and heuristic. Findings: The result shows that human beings have a duty to manage and preserve nature, and man is forbidden to exploit nature. Views ecocentrism is seen in the preservation of water resources as an effort to protect and preserve nature. Conclusion: Human beings are a part of the universe and are obliged to manage and preserve the guard, so the artificial marsh technique can be used in planning to preserve sustainable water resources. Novelty/Originality of this study: This research could lead to a new model for engaging communities in water conservation projects emphasizing the ethical relationship between humans and nature. This model could include educational programs and practical activities that help communities understand and apply the principles of ecocentrism in their daily lives

Design and fabrication of a 20 kilogram capacity cassava-based bioethanol distillation apparatus with 2.4 liter bioethanol output

Background: The depletion of fossil fuel resources and growing environmental concerns have sparked interest in renewable energy sources like bioethanol. Cassava, an abundant crop in many tropical regions, shows promise as a feedstock for bioethanol production. This study aimed to design and fabricate an efficient small-scale distillation apparatus for producing bioethanol from cassava. Method: A distillation apparatus with 20 kg cassava capacity was designed and constructed using locally available materials. Key components included a distillation tank, condenser, cooling tower system, and burner. The apparatus was tested using fermented cassava mash to evaluate its performance in bioethanol production. Findings: The fabricated apparatus successfully produced 2.4 liters of bioethanol with 65% purity from 20 kg of cassava feedstock. Optimal distillation temperature was found to be 70°C, balancing ethanol yield and purity. Heat transfer calculations indicated 576 kW of cooling capacity was required in the condenser. The cooling tower system achieved 63% thermal efficiency. Conclusion: The designed distillation apparatus demonstrates the feasibility of small-scale bioethanol production from cassava. Further optimization of the distillation process and heat recovery systems could improve efficiency. This technology shows potential for decentralized biofuel production to meet local energy needs in cassava-producing regions. Novelty/Originality of this study: The study on designing small-scale distillation equipment for bioethanol production from cassava successfully demonstrated practical and affordable applications for decentralized biofuel production in cassava-producing areas

Strategy of geothermal energy development as a renewable energy source in West Java Indonesia

Background: Indonesia has vast renewable energy potential, including biofuels, biomass, and bioenergy from tropical biodiversity spread across the country. Hydropower and geothermal energy are the only forms of renewable energy used to generate electricity and are connected to the grid. Geothermal energy may be incorporated into the grid to create hybrid energy systems that will help to reduce the high energy demand while maintaining low energy costs and net present costs. There are now 14 biosphere reserves in Indonesia, divided into 24 units of core zones, six units of buffer zones, and 13 units of transition zones. The West Java Province has a geothermal potential of 6,101 MWe or 21% of Indonesia's total geothermal resources. Currently, the installed capacity of electricity from geothermal energy in West Java is 1075 MWe or 89% of the total national installed capacity of 1196 MWe. Method: This paper reviews West Java Province data collection from official government bureaus, state-owned businesses, and non-governmental organizations (NGO) reports on geothermal energy capacity, electricity installation, and used area of ​​geothermal power plant and will be limited to the years 2010 through 2020. The collected data will then be refined, extrapolated, and analyzed by the connected trend to aid in studying West Java geothermal growth and use SWOT method analysis. Finding: The result of this research is a strategy for optimizing the development of geothermal energy utilization. The strategies that can be developed are infrastructure improvement as an investment facilitation strategy, a strategy to leverage a costly investment and capital investment, underground mining in conservation forest areas to avoid degradation improvement and supervision of related institutions and stakeholders, implementation of environmentally sustainable development, and socializing programs and providing job opportunities for the local community. Conclusion: Indonesia has an enormous potential for renewable energy, especially geothermal, with West Java Province having the largest installed capacity. This study suggests strategies to optimize geothermal energy development, including improving infrastructure, investment facilities, underground mining, improving supervision, and sustainable development. Novelty/Originality of this study: Research on geothermal energy in West Java provides a comprehensive analysis and specific strategies to optimize the development of this energy in the area, including innovative underground mining approaches

Pengaruh karbon aktif sekam padi terhadap penyerapan Pb (timbal) dalam pelumas bekas kendaraan bermotor

The number of motorised vehicles, according to the Central Statistics Agency, reached 94,373,324 in 2012, and there was an increase in 2013 to 104,118,986. This is influenced by increasingly rapid population growth and the increasing need for transportation. Used lubricating oil is categorised as B3 waste, which can be seen from its characteristics and its constituent components. Rice husks resulting from milling that are not utilised optimally are usually only used as ash, or the use of rice husks has so far been limited to just being thrown away. Research was carried out regarding the activated carbon test from rice husk waste to adsorb Pb in used lubricating oil using a sulfuric acid activator and determine the effectiveness of reducing Pb (lead). The mass ratio of rice husks before and after calcination is 1:2, where the initial weight of the husks before calcination is 250 grammes to 125 grammes after undergoing calcination. A mass of 10 grammes of adsorbent that has been activated using sulfuric acid and a stirring time of 60 minutes can reduce the lead content of the used lubricant from 49,569 ppm to 39,241 ppm

Energi listrik berkelanjutan: Potensi dan tantangan penyediaan energi listrik di Indonesia

Economic growth and increasing population density have an influence on the large need for electrical energy in Indonesia. The amount of energy needed is directly proportional to economic growth and population density. This condition could threaten energy security in Indonesia if all stakeholders still depend on non-renewable energy. Coal, oil, and natural gas, which are continuously exploited for generating electricity, will eventually run out and will no longer be able to meet Indonesia's electrical energy needs. Apart from that, the use of non-renewable energy also has a negative impact on the environment. Indonesia is a country that is rich in renewable energy sources that can be used as a source of energy for generating electricity, but there are still obstacles in processing and using them, so they are not optimal. This paper aims to analyze the potential and challenges of providing electrical energy in Indonesia. The method used is a descriptive method using primary and secondary data and literature studies. The results of this study show that the potential for renewable energy that can be processed and developed for electricity generation is quite large, namely from energy sources originating from geothermal, hydropower, mini-hydro and micro-hydro, bioenergy, solar power, wind energy, and ocean waves. The survey results show that 52% of the public agree with the use of renewable energy, and 43% agree with the use of nuclear energy as a source of renewable electrical energy. The reason for choosing nuclear energy is the reliability of the energy supply. A strategy for developing renewable electrical energy can be formulated based on the opportunities and challenges currently faced to achieve energy security in Indonesia. Efforts to develop renewable electrical energy need to be carried out with the cooperation of all relevant stakeholders so that the sustainability of electrical energy in Indonesia can be realized

Utilization bottom ash from incinerator become paving block: (Study case : PT. X)

Bottom ash incinerator produced by PT. X from various waste from production tenant activities has physical characteristics like cement, so it possible to use it as a substitute for cement in paving block mixtures. This utilization aims to determine the effect of using bottom ash on paving blocks according to the compressive strength and water absorption parameter. The composition of cement, and bottom ash in making paving block was varied in this experiment, for amount of sand and water used were same. Drying process for the paving block took 28 days. The bottom ash replace cement by 0 percent, 5 percent, 10 percent and 15 percent respectively, and two replications done for measurement. The quality of paving block was test based on the SNI 03-0619-1996 to determine the level of quality of paving block. The results of this study indicate that the treatment used were significance different based on compressive strength but were not significance different based on water absorption parameter. The substitution of bottom ash in paving blocks based on compressive strength, for treatment C (with 10 percent bottom ash) complied with quality B and treatment D (with 15 percent bottom ash) complied with quality D of paving block standard. Based on water absorption parameter all treatment complied with quality B and D (treatment A, B, and D complied with quality D and treatment C complied with B quality). By considering booth parameter, treatment C (with 10 percent bottom ash) complied with B quality and treatment D (with 15 percent bottom ash) complied with D quality.  Other finding from these research showed at least 10 percent bottom ash from incinerator replaced cement used in making paving block

Solar energy feasibility for power generation in lower shire districts: A case study of Chikwawa District

Background: Electricity availability is an essential part of both economic and non-economic activities in any country. Malawi being one of the developing nations experiences a lot of challenges both in its economic and non-economic activities due to unlimited levels of electric supply in its country. This inadequacy of limited supply has remained a challenge for a longer period of time to the effect that the country Malawi for a longer period of time has an overwhelming record of blackouts and load shedding. Consequently, this has affected in a negative way the economic activities of this nation such as low productivity in the production of goods and services making livelihood a difficult. Similarly, noneconomic activities such social interactions seem to be challenging due to lack of electricity. In this regard an investigation in determining new innovations towards   electricity production remained one of the most important aspects in this county of Malawi. Method: This study was conducted in Chikwawa district, Malawi, to assess the feasibility of solar energy production. The methods used include temporal variability, correlation, trend, and spatial analysis to assess solar radiation, sunshine hours, and their distribution in the area. Result: As a result, the study was established with the purpose to assess feasible regions within the country of Malawi to innovate solar energy production to boost high levels of solar energy production. This study was conducted in the lower shire district and to be specific in Chikwawa district. The objectives of the feasibility in Chikwawa district included; assessing solar radiation and sunshine hours towards solar energy production, the spatial distribution of solar radiation and sunshine hours towards solar energy production, the trend of sunshine and solar radiation towards solar production and at the end to map the areas in Chikwawa District where solar energy production could be harnessed. Through the use of temporal variability, correlation analysis, trend analysis, and spatial analysis, the findings of this investigation established that harnessing solar energy is much more possible in areas of the lower shire which is the among others include Chikwawa district of Malawi as most areas currently in this region has less places with solar energy production but with high availability of solar radiation. Conclusion: For the fact that the findings reveal more feasible places to establish solar energy production, this study recommends commitment by government and private sector to greatly establish solar energy production units in this area whilst focusing on identifying other potential areas where solar energy production can be harnessed in Malawi. In this regard, this exposition has achieved its purpose of fostering renewable energy production through innovating and investing in solar energy production.  Novelty/Originality of this study: This detailed spatial and temporal analysis study has identified optimal locations for solar energy production, providing a new approach to renewable energy planning in developing countries

Environmentally friendly electric vehicle design

Particularly for automobiles, the global automotive industry is expanding quickly. One of the most often used forms of transportation in Indonesia is the automobile. A variety of cars, including MPVs, SUVs, City Cars, and Sedans, each with the sophistication and benefits of its own type, are being supplied by producers of four-wheeled vehicles. With a focus on sustainability and minimalism, designers create designs for city cars. This essay's goal is to examine how the environmentally friendly City Car is used in cities. The writing uses analytic techniques, design sketches, and three-dimensional visual representations

Analysis of the effect of Boezem development as flood control

Background: Flooding is a frequent problem in Dukuh Kupang, Surabaya, causing material losses and disrupting daily activities. The construction of boezems, which are retention ponds to temporarily store rainwater, is considered a potential solution to control flooding in this area. This study aims to analyze the effect of boezem construction on flood control in Dukuh Kupang with the hope of providing new insights into the effectiveness of boezem as flood control infrastructure and providing recommendations for improved flood management strategies in the future. Methods: This study used a descriptive method. Data were collected through questionnaires and scored using a Likert scale.  Finding: The results revealed that the feasibility score of boezem construction was 60.2%, indicating that boezem construction is considered quite feasible as a flood control solution, but there is still room for improvement. Conclusion: Respondents in this study recognized the benefits of boezem construction, but also expressed concerns or factors that are not yet fully supportive. There is a negative stigma among the community regarding the construction of boezems, which is largely due to the lack of socialization and community participation in the development process. Novelty/Originality of this study: A study on the effectiveness of booze in Surabaya evaluates technical aspects and considers community perceptions, providing a holistic approach to assessing flood control infrastructure

Energy transition: Utilization of solar energy as an energy source in smart building implementation as an effort to reduce the use of fossil energy

The increase in population certainly greatly affects the amount of existing energy consumption. Based on data taken by the Indonesia Energy Outlook 2019, in 2018 Indonesia has a total final energy consumption (not considering conventional energy) of around 40% of the energy used for the transportation sector, then 36% for industry, 16% for households, commercial and other sectors respectively 6% and 2% respectively. Then, in 2019 the total final energy consumption was 989.9 million Barrels of Oil Equivalent. Then the use of fossil energy has an impact on sustainable life because fossil energy is one of the contributors to carbon emissions on earth. The increase in emissions has an impact on the increase in GHS that has been felt by the earth, namely, the occurrence of very drastic climate changes, as well as affecting temperature rises of up to 3∘C. For this reason, it is necessary to have the potential for renewable energy by utilizing solar energy, namely the process of converting energy produced by solar radiation into electrical energy and efficient use of this energy using smart buildings.. Objectives: The aims of the journal is to know another potential energy sourced to reduce the fossil fuel uses. Method and results: Literature review