Electromagnetic launcher system prototype for non-lethal engagements: Innovation in materials and engineering for sustainable defense technologies

Background: Electromagnetic launchers specifically coil guns have gained a considerable attention as one of the potential tools for non-lethal engagements. Methods: This research will explore the potential, working principles, and calculation that purpose. Coil guns utilize magnetic field in the form of coils are used to launch a projectile at high velocity without any chemical reaction, unlike conventional firearm. Development for coil gun on non-lethal engagements are still a challenge due to the precision of impact force, device’s reliability, and more. This prototype was developed as a two-staged coil gun controlled by Arduino and using a ST41 steel projectile. The system also implements IR LED in the coil as a failsafe should the timing did not work as expected. Findings: The results that the predicted results from the testing shown that the device could be capable for non-lethal engagements because the prototype performed with a peak muzzle velocity of 15.9 m/s and did not exceed the maximum of 100 Joules of energy at impact. Conclusion: This clearly shows that with more research, this method of a launcher could be promising due to the fact that in future advancements of research, coil gun is capable of great things, especially in the segment of non-lethal engagements. Novelty/Originality of this Study: This study contributes to the field of non-lethal weapon technology by developing a two-staged coil gun prototype controlled by Arduino, demonstrating its feasibility for non-lethal engagements with a peak muzzle velocity of 15.9 m/s and impact energy below 100 Joules, while incorporating an IR LED failsafe system to enhance operational reliability

Innovation in hanging bamboo weaving of malet gusti using modern techniques for interior design and building facades: Sustainable materials

Background: As awareness of the importance of sustainability continues to grow, the demand for environmentally friendly products has also increased. However, the bamboo craft industry in Indonesia faces challenges in enhancing the added value of its products, such as improving production efficiency and diversifying designs to meet modern market demands. This study aims to develop more efficient bamboo weaving techniques through the utilization of bamboo splitting machines and analyze their impact on product quality and craftsmen's competitiveness. Methods: The research employed a development method (Research and Development) with both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data were collected through observations, in-depth interviews, and product trials conducted during a training program in Penglumbaran Village, Bangli. The program integrated traditional techniques with modern technology to produce wall panels, interior partitions, and exterior facades. Findings: The results showed a 48% increase in production time efficiency and the development of three new weaving models with higher aesthetic value. Additionally, craftsmen demonstrated enhanced skills in combining technological innovation with traditional techniques. Conclusion: This study has implications for improving the competitiveness of bamboo weaving products in local and international markets, strengthening the local economy through product diversification, and contributing to environmental preservation through the use of sustainable materials. These findings highlight that technology-based innovation can serve as a strategic solution to bridge tradition and modernity in the bamboo craft industry. Novelty/Originality of this Study: This study offers a unique approach by combining traditional bamboo weaving techniques with modern bamboo splitting technology, bridging the gap between tradition and modernity while enhancing both product efficiency and quality in the bamboo craft industry

Optimizing geothermal brine for balneological use: An integrated study of health, engineering, social, and economic dimesion

Backgorund: Central Java has the only high-enthalpy Geothermal Power Plant complex located in Dieng. The geothermal reservoir stretches across Sileri in the northwest, Sikidang, and Pakuwaja in the southeast. The Dieng area possesses tremendous geothermal energy potential, However, only 10.3% or around 60 MW of its potential is utilized. At the moment, there is still a resource that has not been utilized, namely waste heat. Waste heat appears in the form of liquid-phase hydrothermal (brine) with a pH range of 6-7 and a temperature value of 180°C. The energy from the brine has the potential to be a source of water heating in hot spring facilities (balneology) with the help of heat exchanger technology. Methods: This study utilized a treatment process for geothermal brine involving coagulation with Poly Aluminum Chloride (PAC) at a concentration of 10 ppm and a pH adjustment to 8, combined with 1 ppm Polyamide flocculant. Then, the neutralized brine is used in the heat exchange system for balneology. The enthalpy of the geothermal working fluid is transferred to the heat pump working fluid (refrigerant) through the heat exchanger coil, causing the refrigerant to vaporize. Afterward, the refrigerant vapor is compressed to increase pressure and temperature. This high-temperature refrigerant is passed through the condenser pipe to warm the water in the balneology. Findings: As a result, the hot water from the heat exchange process has a temperature of less than 40°C and can be for hot baths. Hot baths can have physiological effects on the human body by inducing significant improvements in macro and microvascular functions. The habit of taking a hot bath has a good impact on health, giving adequate sleep quality, lowering stress levels, and increasing happiness. The scheme of utilizing brine for balneological facilities can also enrich the tourism aspect of Dieng, open doors to economic activity, and improve social standards for the surrounding community. Conclusion: Utilizing waste heat from geothermal brine through treatment with PAC and polyamide flocculant for balneological hot springs is a promising method for harnessing geothermal energy while addressing crustal issues. This approach provides health benefits, supports tourism development, and opens up economic opportunities that improve community well-being. Novelty/Originality of this article: This method integrates geothermal energy utilization with health and tourism benefits, offering a multidisciplinary contribution to sustainable socio-economic development in geothermal areas

Open innovation analysis of the penta helix electric bus collaboration: Advancements in sustainable energy and engineering

Background: This research aims to analyze the application of the Open Innovation concept in the Penta Helix collaboration on the electric bus project at the Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia. The Penta Helix model involves five main actors: Academia, Industry, Government, Mass Media, and Society. This research employs a case study approach focusing on the Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia as the research object. Method: Data was collected through in-depth interviews, literature reviews, and document analysis. This approach was used to examine the collaboration's dynamics and the development process of the electric bus technology. Finding: The results indicate that the collaboration between the university and industry successfully developed an innovative and sustainable electric bus technology, complying with government standards. Academia plays a role in research and technology development, industry supports with financial resources and market access, government provides regulations and policy support, mass media disseminates information, and society offers feedback and technology adoption. Conclussion: The main challenges faced in this collaboration include stakeholder coordination and aligning the objectives of each actor. Additionally, cultural differences and expectations between the university and industry also pose barriers. Nevertheless, this research finds. that effective synergy among the five actors can accelerate innovation and provide significant economic and social benefits. This research is expected to contribute to the development of university-industry collaboration in Indonesia and enrich the literature on Open Innovation. Novelty/Originality of this Study: This study offers insights into how the Penta Helix collaboration model can drive innovation in the electric bus sector, highlighting the synergy between academia, industry, government, mass media, and society in the context of Open Innovation in Indonesia

Innovation in regeneration of graphene and nmc electrodes from lithium-ion battery waste through an environmentally friendly method

Background: The problem of lithium-ion battery (LIB) waste that has not been optimally addressed poses serious risks to the environment and strengthens dependence on primary metal mining. The limited availability of efficient and environmentally friendly recycling methods encourages the need for innovative approaches in the recovery of active materials from used electrodes. This study aims to evaluate the potential of a combination of two alkali-acid regeneration methods for graphene- based anodes and low-temperature molten salt for Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC) cathodes as a sustainable strategy in LIB waste treatment. Methods: The study was conducted through a critical literature review of various national and international scientific publications, focusing on the purification effectiveness, morphological characteristics, crystal structure, and electrochemical performance of the regenerated materials. Findings: The analysis results show that the alkali-acid method is effective in selectively removing impurities and is able to increase the specific capacity of the anode to 359 mAh/g, approaching the theoretical capacity of commercial graphene . Meanwhile, the NMC cathode regenerated through the molten salt method and combined with graphene through a simple solid-state mixing showed a capacity of 158.1 mAh/g at a current of 0.5C with good cycle stability. The integration of these two methods synergistically improves electron conductivity, cycle efficiency, and electrode structural stability. In addition to its technical advantages, this approach also utilizes relatively safe and readily available chemicals, making it relevant for both laboratory and industrial applications. The proposed process is competitive with commercial materials and has the potential to be implemented in the economical and industrial-scale remanufacturing of 18650 batteries. Conclusion: These findings significantly contribute to strengthening the battery recycling ecosystem in Indonesia and support the achievement of sustainable energy targets. Furthermore, reducing the volume of hazardous and toxic waste (B3) and optimizing the reuse of high-value materials support the implementation of circular economy principles that align with national policies in the energy and environmental sectors. Novely/Originality of this article: The novelty of this research lies in the integration of two selective and environmentally friendly regeneration methods in one processing system, which has not been widely developed in previous literature, thus offering a new applicable framework for LIB waste processing towards sustainable industrialization

Renewable energy development towards indonesia’s energy transition: Technological innovations for a sustainable future

Background: Global climate change has significantly impacted Indonesia, leading to various challenges such as water scarcity, the degradation of marine and land ecosystems, and food instability. These environmental issues are also affecting public health and the nation's economy. Increased frequency of natural disasters like floods, landslides, and droughts is resulting in agricultural losses, while rising sea temperatures and changing seawater composition threaten fishery resources. Addressing these issues is critical for both environmental preservation and strengthening Indonesia's economy. Method: This study employs a literature review approach to explore Indonesia's strategy for transitioning to renewable energy. By analyzing various sources and reports, the paper aims to understand the country's energy transition and the economic and environmental implications of continuing reliance on non-renewable energy. Findings: The study finds that Indonesia is facing significant negative impacts from climate change, which are expected to cause economic losses ranging from 0.66% to 3.45% of GDP by 2030. These impacts are particularly due to the use of non-renewable energy sources. Transitioning to renewable energy is viewed as a vital solution for mitigating these losses, but it requires collaboration from government bodies, communities, and the private sector. Conclusion: Efforts to mitigate climate change and adapt to its impacts are crucial for the sustainability of Indonesia's economy, public health, and environmental preservation. A transition to renewable energy is essential, but it requires concerted efforts from various stakeholders to ensure its success and address the broader challenges posed by climate change. Novelty/Originality of this Study: This study offers a comprehensive review of Indonesia’s renewable energy transition strategy, providing new insights into how mitigating the impacts of climate change through renewable energy could contribute to economic sustainability. The analysis emphasizes the collaborative approach needed from multiple stakeholders to address the challenges of climate change and transition away from non-renewable energy sources

PRISMA systematic review: The application of natural language processing (NLP) to identify greenwashing in sustainability reports within the oil and gas industry

Background: Greenwashing refers to misleading sustainability claims not backed by real actions, commonly seen in the oil and gas industry due to its dependence on fossil fuels. While companies may publicly commit to sustainability, their investments often contradict these claims, obstructing global renewable energy efforts. This mismatch between statements and actions misleads stakeholders and complicates audit processes. As demands for transparency grow, there is a pressing need for systematic tools to detect greenwashing. Prior research highlights that the narrative format of sustainability reports makes manual detection difficult, underscoring the need for technology-based solutions. Methods: This study aims to examine the application of Natural Language Processing (NLP), particularly the N-Gram model, in identifying indications of greenwashing in the oil and gas industry. The research uses a qualitative approach with a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method and applies the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework. Findings: The N-Gram model aids in feature extraction by converting raw text from sustainability reports into structured representations and detecting linguistic patterns commonly found in overstated sustainability claims. When combined with classification methods like Support Vector Machine (SVM), it improves the accuracy of greenwashing detection. Key findings show that NLP can support auditors in assessing greenwashing risks and improving the efficiency of sustainability audits. Moreover, the integration of this technology promotes greater transparency in corporate disclosures. Conclusion: The application of the N-Gram model in the NLP context is effective in detecting greenwashing practices that were previously difficult to identify manually. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study offers novelty through the application of the N-Gram NLP model within the oil and gas industry context, which has been rarely explored in previous research. The practical implications of this study open opportunities for cross-sectoral implementation and the development of data-driven greenwashing identification standards in the future

A systematic review of machine learning and deep learning approaches for load and energy consumption prediction in contemporary power systems

Background: Machine learning (ML) methods are prevalent forecasting model construction tools that outperform conventional methods. This study is a systematic review of machine learning method utilization for load and energy consumption forecasting between 2020-2025. The study covers a variety of methods, ranging from simple algorithms such as linear regression and support vector machines to complex deep learning models such as LSTM, Convolutional Neural Networks CNNs, Transformer models, Graph Neural Networks GNNs, and particular ensemble and hybrid methods. Methods: This study systematically reviewed electric load and energy demand forecasting machine learning techniques with strict methods and harvested primary research databases and preprint servers for English-language papers from January 2020 to May 2025. Results: This study revealed that deep learning models, including LSTM and CNN-LSTM, are becoming more widely used, which indicates a shift towards operational maturity. However, their complexity can be difficult for low-resource environments. The performance of Machine learning models is vastly context dependent. It is a function of factors such as the size, resolution, and range of forecasting involved, thus requiring the proper selection of models. Above all, quality data and proper pre-processing always prevail over the effect of selected machine learning techniques. Conclusion: Machine learning has assisted energy forecasting a lot but falls short on usability and reliability. More technology and collaboration are required to succeed with renewable energy systems. Originality/Novelty of this article: This study describes new developments in Machine learning for energy forecasting and mentions trends and issues to be expected. It recommends what is in the pipeline for future research and applications

Geothermal power plant as a sustainable renewable energy alternative: Innovations and engineering solutions

Background: Indonesia is an area that has abundant geothermal energy availability, with a total of approximately 28,617 MW. This is because Indonesia is located on the ring of fire between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. However, this availability does not automatically make Indonesia prioritize geothermal power plants (GPP) as a substitute for fossil fuels in the future. GPP only ranks third in priority below hydropower plants (PLTA) and biomass power plants (PLT Biomasa). The purpose of this study is to look at the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of geothermal energy supply. This article uses a qualitative method with literature review and SWOT analysis to describe the phenomenon experienced by geothermal energy in Indonesia. Methods: This article uses a qualitative method with literature review and SWOT analysis to describe the phenomenon experienced by geothermal energy in Indonesia. Findings: The results of this study show that geothermal energy has strengths, namely reliable, stable, and efficient power, a clean energy with minimal emissions, does not require storage space, does not require large land and has minimal water requirements, and provides direct benefits to the community. Meanwhile, the weaknesses of geothermal energy utilization are that it has a relatively high investment cost, requires sophisticated and complex technology, so it takes a long time to develop, is highly dependent on geographic location to obtain good capacity, is sometimes far from the load center, often conflicts with indigenous communities, making it difficult to obtain social license, and has negative impacts on flora and fauna. The opportunity to utilize this technology is the existence of regulations, especially Law No. 21/2014 and other related regulations, including as the third potential renewable energy transition. The threats faced are government policies and licensing processes that still do not fully support geothermal energy, international scrutiny, and community resistance. Conclusion: The conclusion of this article is that geothermal energy is very suitable as a substitute for fossil fuels by mitigating and improving policy, technology, and financing aspects. Novelty/Originality of this article: The originality of this article lies in its application of a SWOT analysis to evaluate the geothermal energy sector in Indonesia. It provides a comprehensive review of the current challenges and opportunities in utilizing geothermal energy as a renewable resource, highlighting the need for policy improvements and technological advancements to overcome barriers and support its growth

The potential of cassava peel as acoustic panel material: A sustainable innovation in green engineering

Background: Natural waste is one of the materials that has the potential to become acoustic material because it has a porous texture and meets the requirements of suitable sound-absorbing materials. Utilizing natural waste as acoustic material can reduce cassava peel waste, especially in cassava peel processing industries, both from factories and home industries.  Methods: This research is conducted to determine the potential of cassava peel waste as a natural material that can be utilized to create acoustic materials made from natural substances. In this study, cassava peel waste was tested as a sound-absorbing acoustic material using the impedance tube method. The sample was made by mixing finely ground cassava peel waste and PVAc (Poly-vinyl-acetate) white glue, then molding the mixture into circular molds with a diameter of 10 cm and thicknesses of 3.5 cm and 4 cm, respectively. Findings: The results indicate that the sample with a thickness of 3.5 cm has an absorption coefficient of 0.45 at a frequency of 500 Hz, while the 4 cm thick sample has an absorption coefficient of 0.32 at 600 Hz. Both samples show that cassava peel waste is a viable soundproofing material with absorption coefficients above 0.3, making it an effective, eco-friendly acoustic panel material. Conclusion: Cassava peel waste demonstrates good potential as an acoustic material, with promising sound absorption properties, making it an environmentally friendly and accessible alternative to conventional soundproofing materials. Novelty/Originality of this Study: This study introduces cassava peel waste as a sustainable and accessible material for acoustic applications, offering an innovative solution to both waste reduction and soundproofing. The research highlights the potential of using locally available natural waste, specifically cassava peel, in the creation of eco-friendly acoustic panels, which is a novel approach not widely explored in the acoustic material industry