Satellite-based cultivation scheduling for Eucheuma sp. using landsat-8 imagery in coastal aquaculture systems

Background: Seaweed cultivation in Jeneponto Regency has been practiced for a long time and has become the main livelihood for most people in Mallasoro Bay. In cultivating seaweed, obstacles often arise in the form of failure experienced by seaweed farmers or the quality of the harvest is not good. Methods: This study aims to develop a calendar for planting seaweed Eucheuma sp. in Mallasoro Bay, Jeneponto Regency based on sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a distribution obtained from Landsat-8 imagery.  Findings: Processing of Sea Surface Temperature Imagery and Chlorophyll-a processed using ENVI 4.8 dan 5.3 software, satellite images used in clean conditions and no cloud disturbances. In this research, data analysis was carried out descriptively. The water temperature that is good for seaweed growth is 27-30°C, for the Mallasoro Bay Sea Surface Temperature, which is suitable for planting seaweed in April, May, June, July, August, September, October, and November. While the classification based on the criteria of chlorophyll-a trophic status in marine waters, namely the range < 1 mg/L is classified as Oligotrophic, 1-3 mg/L is classified as Mesotrophic, 3-5 mg/L is classified as Eutrophic, and > 5 mg/L is classified as hypertrophic. Conclusion: from the results of image analysis for the distribution of chlorophyll-a in Mallasoro Bay, it shows that Mallasoro Bay throughout the year is at the Mesotrophic level or the fertility level of the waters is quite fertile because it is in the range of 1-3 mg/L. so the seaweed planting calendar in Mallasoro Bay is obtained,  namely in January, February, and December, equipment preparation such as cleaning and repair of seaweed planting equipment can be carried out, then at the end of March, May, July, and September, the procurement of seaweed seeds is carried out , in early of April, June, August, and October, Novelty/Originality of this article: it is possible to spread seaweed seeds, then in mid of May,  July, September, and November, harvesting is carried out, so that seaweed cultivation in a year can be carried out 4 times cycle

The relationship between nitrate and phosphate nutrients in substrates with seagrass density: Implications for marine ecosystem sustainability

Introduction: Water conditions that greatly affect the density of seagrass species are the substrate fraction and nutrient content of the base substrate where the seagrass grows. This is important because seagrass utilizes dissolved nutrients in the waters and nutrients on the substrate for the production process. This study aims to determine the relationship between nitrate and phosphate nutrients on the substrate with seagrass density in Pajenekang Island, Liukang Tuppabiring District, Pangkep Regency, South Sulawesi. Methods: Data sampling of seagrass was carried out at north and west station using the line transect method where the data taken included seagrass frequency, cover, and density. Meanwhile, data collection of nitrate and phosphate nutrients on the substrate used a random sampling method and analysis with macro nutrien determination Morgan-Wolf extract. Findings: The results of study indicated that the seagrass density values in Pajenekang Island have various values, with the average seagrass density at the west station are 275 stands/m² and 356 stands/m² at the north station. The nutrient content on substrate in Pajenekang Island is low range when compared the result of other studies. Nitrate (0.36 ppm) and phosphate (0.49 ppm) at west station was significantly lower (P<0.05) compared to nitrate (0.49 ppm) and phosphate (0.64 ppm) at north station. The results of the Pearson correlation analysis among nitrate content and seagrass density on Pajenekang Island showed a negative relation with moderate correlation (-0.496*). Meanwhile, Pearson correlation analysis of phosphate content showed a negative relation by showing no relation (-0.166). This can be explained that there are other factors that effect on seagrass density in research location. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the seagrass density at Pajenekang Island varies. The average seagrass density at the western station is 275 individuals/m², while at the northern station, it is 356 individuals/m². Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this research lies in analyzing the relationship between nitrate and phosphate nutrient content in the substrate and seagrass density on Pajenekang Island, which has not been widely studied in this region

Diversity of Meliaceae family in Bogani Nani Wartabone national park (Hungayono tourism object)

Introduction: The Meliaceae family is a group of flowering plants that are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Some of its members have important economic value. Based on initial surveys in the Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park area, especially the Hungayono tourist attraction area of Gorontalo Province, it is known that there are various species of Meliaceae familli plants. However, it has not been identified what types of Meliaceae plants are and how the value of diversity index in the tourist attraction area. Methods: The purpose of this study was to determine how the diversity of Meliaceae plant species in the Hungayono tourist attraction area of Gorontalo Province. Data collection techniques using exploratory or cruising methods using sampling techniques Probability Sample. Findings: The results of the study found 10 species of Meliaceae familli plants in the Hungayono tourist attraction area. The index value of plant diversity of Meliaceae familli found in the Hungayono tourist attraction area is 1.91 with moderate criteria which indicates a fairly stable ecosystem condition. Conclusion: these findings provide valuable baseline data on the Meliaceae family in the region, contributing to future conservation and biodiversity management efforts in the area. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this research lies in the first recorded identification and diversity assessment of Meliaceae species in the Hungayono tourist attraction area

The role of humans in the sustainability of marine ecosystems: A case study on the conservation of parrotfish and its ecological impact

Background: Life is supported by the ecology and natural resources that exist on earth. Continents and oceans are the two main natural resources that host life and ecosystems around the world. 75% of the Earth's surface is covered by ocean waters that are rich in marine life. Although the oceans are vast, this does not mean that they are limitless. Population growth and development have led to an increase in the demand for marine resources. Increased demand and over-utilization of marine resources have led to strong pressures that have led to a decline in marine ecosystem services. Karimunjawa is famous for the natural beauty of its underwater coral reefs. Methods: This study employs a qualitative approach using literature and secondary data to examine the impact of parrotfish populations on coral reef sustainability. Findings: Based on current conditions, excessive catching of parrotfish has a negative impact on the sustainability of coral reefs in Karimunjawa National Park. It is necessary for local communities to understand the importance of the role of parrot fish for the sustainability of marine ecosystems. Parrotfish spend 90% of their time eating algae attached to coral reefs. Damage to the coral reef ecosystem causes coastal erosion in Karimunjawa National Park. Therefore, the role of the community in managing parrotfish resources is very necessary so as not to threaten the population for the sustainability of the marine ecosystem. Conclusion: The results of this research illustrate the role of humans, namely the community and tourists who come to Karimunjawa to carry out activities to preserve damaged coral reefs and create new coral reef areas. Novelty/Originality of this article: There are also government policies that must be considered and implemented properly for the sustainability of coral reef ecosystems and the conservation of parrotfish in Karimunjawa

Study on the decline of wildlife population in nature due to illegal breeding and hunting: Implications for biodiversity conservation

Background: Poaching of wildlife, including protected species, is on the rise, partly due to increased demand in the world market. Therefore, this journal aims to examine the problems faced by Indonesia in dealing with wildlife trade crimes that still occur frequently, as well as the implementation of Law Number 5 of 1990 related to law enforcement for wildlife protection in Indonesia. Methods: The research method used is qualitative, by collecting data from books, articles, news, and journals. The analysis involved theories, concepts, legal principles, and regulations in the Act, as well as related case studies in Indonesia. Findings: The results show that although Indonesia has Law No. 5 of 1990, it is still lacking in effectiveness in reducing poaching and trade of wild and protected animals. Law enforcement officials and related agencies face various problems in the implementation of law enforcement. Community involvement in the endangered species trade is a key driver of the illegal keeping trend in Indonesia. Conclusion: The rate of prosecutions and convictions of illegal keepers remains low, creating inequalities in sentencing and giving the impression that the risks of this illegality are relatively low compared to the financial gains possible. Novelty/Originality of this article: This article highlights that collaboration between the government, communities and non-governmental organizations can provide additional support in conservation efforts and handling illegal cases

Potential of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) leaves as funtional food

Background: Public interest in functional foods, which provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition, is growing in Indonesia and worldwide. Despite their recognized medicinal properties, tamarind leaves remain underutilized in functional food applications. This review examines their potential as a valuable local resource for disease prevention. Methods: A literature search on "Tamarindus indica leaf" was conducted using databases such as Scopus and Web of Science. Data were collected from sources published between 2010 to 2024, adhering to specific inclusion criteria. Analytical methods included thematic categorization and comparison of findings, with an emphasis on the health benefits and functional food potential of tamarind leaves. Finding: Tamarind leaves have been proven to have extensive functional benefits including as a source of antioxidants, antibacterial, antifungal, blood cholesterol lowering agents, antidiarrhea, antiobesity, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory. Tamarind leaves have the potential to be processed into functional drinks and as a mixture of food products such as snacks. Conclusion: Tamarind leaves are an underutilized functional food; further research and innovation are essential for their development. Novelty/Originality of this article: There has been no publication that specifically discusses the potential of tamarind leaves as a functional food. This publication is expected to fill this knowledge gap

Potential of functional candies from ethanol extracts of Myristica fragrans and Phyllanthus acidus as antioxidant and anti-anxiety agents: A comprehensive review

Background: Anxiety disorders are a major global health burden, with recent WHO data indicating a 1.79% increase in case incidence rate (CIR) and a 6.25% rise in disability-adjusted life years (DALY) over the past five years. Conventional pharmacotherapies such as SSRIs and benzodiazepines are limited by adverse effects and dependency risks, highlighting the urgent need for safer, effective alternatives. Myristica fragrans (nutmeg) and Phyllanthus acidus (otaheite gooseberry) are rich in myristicin and flavonoids, respectively, both of which exhibit promising anxiolytic and neuroprotective properties. However, the synergistic efficacy and safety of their combined use remain underexplored. Methods: A comprehensive review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Out of 512 studies identified from Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and EBSCO, 36 met inclusion criteria after quality appraisal using CASP, with 2 clinical trials extracted for quantitative synthesis. Data extraction focused on changes in anxiety scores (e.g., HAM-A), stress biomarkers (cortisol, MDA), antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT), and neurochemical modulation (serotonin, GABA, dopamine). Findings: analysis revealed that combined administration of nutmeg and otaheite gooseberry extracts reduced anxiety scores by a weighted mean difference (WMD) of –7.3 (95% CI: –9.1 to –5.5, p<0.001) on the HAM-A scale compared to placebo. Cortisol levels decreased by 18.4% (p=0.002), while MDA levels dropped by 22.7% (p=0.001), and SOD activity increased by 31.6% (p<0.001) in preclinical models. Myristicin (500 mg/kg) produced significant anxiolytic effects via serotonergic and GABAergic modulation, while flavonoids (1.2–3.5% content) provided robust neuroprotection against oxidative stress. No antagonistic interactions or increased toxicity were observed; the combination outperformed single extracts and showed comparable efficacy to SSRIs and benzodiazepines with fewer adverse effects. Conclusions: The integration of Myristica fragrans and Phyllanthus acidus extracts offers a synergistic, natural therapeutic approach for anxiety disorders, combining potent anxiolytic and neuroprotective effects with an excellent safety profile. Novelty/Originality of this article: This review is the first to quantitatively demonstrate the synergistic anxiolytic and antioxidant efficacy of nutmeg and otaheite gooseberry extracts, supporting their development as innovative functional candies for mental health management

Discovering the potential of renewable energy from palm oil mill effluent: Environmental impacts, opportunities, and challenges in the development of biogas and bio-cng

Background: Indonesia, as the largest palm oil-producing country in the world, will also produce palm oil mill effluent (POME). POME production from palm oil processing is faced with many environmental problems from the release of emissions. The development of new renewable energy in Indonesia needs to be increased to reduce dependence on fossil energy and commit to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The purpose of this study is to discuss the potential for new renewable energy from the utilization of POME biogas energy and how the environmental impacts are caused as well as the opportunities and challenges of developing EBT from POME.  Methods: This research analysis method is LCA, and descriptive. Findings: Total CO2 emission (eq) of biogas production from POME is -24.62 Kg CO2 (eq), eutrophication is -0.2188 Kg PO43- (eq) and acidification is 0.00552 Kg SO2 (eq). Biogas production from POME in Jambi Province is not optimal and has not been used optimally, the process efficiency is low, and the profitability is low. Conclusion: There is a need for a concept to utilize biogas energy that does not only focus on electrical energy but also as a renewable energy source such as bio-CNG which has wider use. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this research lies in the comprehensive analysis of the utilization of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) as a renewable energy source that is not only limited to electrical energy but also includes the potential conversion of POME into bio-CNG as a more flexible and sustainable alternative

Strategi pembangunan instalasi pengolahan air limbah komunal berbasis partisipasi masyarakat

Background: The concept of community-based wastewater management is considered as a concept that is in line with the domestic wastewater treatment program. Therefore, through a community-based total sanitation program by constructing communal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) using a community based participatory research pattern, it is hoped that the handling of sanitation problems in Bajera Village can be optimized. The objective to be achieved in this research is to formulate a participatory Communal WWTP development strategy in accordance with the level of community needs in Bajera Village. Methods: The design of this study used a qualitative method involving seven field participants and five validation participants. Data collection techniques using open questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and FGD. Validity and reliability is done through triangulation of sources, methods, and data. The collected data is then analyzed using the interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) method. Results: Based on the research carried out, there is still a lot of community wastewater discharged directly into the environment without going through treatment first. This certainly will greatly affect the cleanliness and health of the environment. To overcome these problems, it is necessary to build a wastewater treatment plant by involving the surrounding community by implementing strategies in accordance with the social conditions of the community. Conclusion: The formulated strategy, namely: Conducting education through counseling by involving relevant regional officials. Involving traditional leaders, religious leaders, youth leaders, women leaders and migrant communities starting from the planning, development, management and monitoring stages. Make awig-awig and village regulations on waste water management that are used as the basis for regularity in community life

Strategy for developing the utilization of organic waste as an alternative source of electricity in Indonesia

Background: Indonesia has pledged to reach its Net Zero Emission target by 2060, necessitating the shift to renewable energy sources. To achieve this, Indonesia must transition from its current reliance on fossil fuel power plants to renewable energy generators, ensuring the same or greater electricity capacity. One viable renewable energy source is organic waste. This study aims to explore strategies for developing organic waste as an alternative energy source to bolster Indonesia's energy resilience and environmental sustainability. Method: The research employs a qualitative approach, including literature reviews and qualitative descriptive analysis. Findings: Waste to Energy (WtE) processes convert waste into electricity and/or heat, aiding in greenhouse gas reduction, improving waste management efficiency, and supporting sustainable development. WtE technologies can utilize both thermochemical and biochemical methods to convert waste into energy. The Indonesian government is known to have 12 projects to accelerate the installation of Waste Processing into Electrical Energy, both the Waste Power Plants that have been in operation and under construction and using gasification as the method. The development of WtE faces various challenges ranging from completeness and consistency of regulations, high tipping fees, complex cooperation mechanisms and business models, problems with the characteristics and nature of Indonesian waste that need special handling, and rejection from residents. Conclusion: Strategies that can be implemented in developing WtE in Indonesia include drafting policies and regulations, increasing public awareness, collaboration with the private sector, choosing the right technology, developing infrastructure, increasing the efficiency of waste collection, and international partnerships.  Novelty/Originality of this study: This research offers concrete strategies to develop Waste to Energy (WtE) technology in Indonesia, including policy formulation, increasing public awareness, and collaboration with the private sector to utilize organic waste as a renewable energy source to support the 2060 Net Zero Emission target