The exemplary role of farmer institutional administrators as a strengthener for the holistic and integrative reform of the agricultural development paradigm

Background: The agricultural development paradigm, which has shifted evolutionary from traditional agriculture to the current sustainable agriculture stage, has not been able to create prosperity for both farmers and the environment. Since the establishment of this sustainable agriculture paradigm, the back-to-nature movement has not changed the fate of farmers and the environment. This condition indicates that the three pillars/dimensions of sustainable agricultural development have not been successful in economic, sociological, and ecological dimensions, because one of the causes is the role of farmer institutions is not optimal, including not being a role model for its members. The purpose of this study is to strengthen the impact of the implementation of a holistic and integrative agricultural development paradigm through the exemplary role of farmer institutions for its members. Method: method used is descriptive through the Literature Review (SRL) technique approach using several published and unpublished research articles. Some theories used are the history of the evolution of agricultural paradigms in Indonesia starting from the traditional stage, agricultural intensification, agricultural diversification and industrialization, sustainable and inclusive agriculture to the optional holistic and integrative paradigm and the theory of farmer group role models. Findings: The results of this study reveal that the role model factor of farmer group administrators can have implications for the level of farmer participation in following all recommendations. In line with the exemplary role model of farmer group administrators, this evolutionary paradigm shift in agricultural development toward a holistic and integrative one will positively impact the acceleration of improving the welfare of farming communities and their environment. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that the paradigm shift in agricultural development in Indonesia from before the 20th century to the 21st century (sustainable and inclusive agricultural development), including holistic and integrative options, has not been able to alleviate poverty in agriculture. Novelty/Originality of this article: A holistic and integrative sustainable agricultural development paradigm will have a very positive and accelerating impact on poverty alleviation in the agricultural sector if it strengthens the role of exemplary farmer institutions

From tradition to modernity: The role of smart villages in reshaping agricultural communities and sustainable development

Background: Improving the welfare of farmers in rural areas can be done through various methods, one of which is Smart Village. The Smart Village concept has been introduced as an initiative that integrates advanced technology and sustainable agricultural practices. This research aims to evaluate the impact of implementing the Smart Village concept on changes in farmer welfare. Methods: This research used literature reviews approach to collect and analyze data from various previous studies related to the implementation of Smart Villages and their impact on farmer welfare. Findings: The analysis results show that Smart Village contributes significantly to increasing agricultural productivity through the use of smart agricultural technology, such as automatic irrigation systems and the use of big data for weather predictions and soil analysis. In addition, better access to markets and price information has helped farmers increase their bargaining power, which has a direct positive effect on their income. However, the study also points to challenges, including the need for adequate technological training for farmers and large initial investments. Conclusion: The Smart Village concept, through the integration of technology and smart agricultural practices, has proven effective in encouraging changes in the welfare of farmers in rural areas. To maximize its benefits, ongoing support from government and the private sector is needed in the form of training, funding and infrastructure. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study bridges the gap between modern technology and traditional agriculture, exploring how the Smart Village concept can revolutionize rural life. This study opens new avenues for inclusive and competitive rural development by combining digital innovation and sustainable agricultural practice

FASOLA (farming solution application): Integrating IoT innovation in vertical farming to support food security and economic sustainability

Background: Food security is a crucial aspect in human survival. The increasing population poses a major challenge for Indonesia to meet food demand and achieve self-sufficiency. To support the economy and sustainable agriculture, it is necessary to increase food productivity through a land-efficient system. Renewable technologies are needed to help farmers optimize the use of limited land for efficient, sustainable, and adaptable agricultural activities in various regions, especially in urban areas.  Methods: The Fasola application was developed using a prototype design methodology that includes four main stages: user needs analysis, visual design (wireframe and mockup), IoT technology development and integration, and user test-based evaluation and revision. This approach aims to create innovative and user-friendly solutions to support productivity and sustainability of IoT-based vertical farming. Findings: Fasola is an IoT-based application that supports vertical farming in urban areas to improve the efficiency and sustainability of food production. Its features allow farmers to monitor the planting environment, manage irrigation and energy, and market their crops digitally. The application increases productivity, reduces operational cost, and strengthens local food security. With the support of education and community approaches, Fasola contributes to environmentally friendly agriculture and the transition to a green economy. Conclusion: Fasola (Farming Solution Application) is an appropriate technological innovation in the digital era that supports food security and a sustainable economy. Its features help optimize the use of resources, reduce agricultural waste, and increase production efficiency, allowing farmers to manage the entire farming process in one integrated platform. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study introduce an IoT based application innovation that provides practical support for modern agriculture on limited land. This application integrates hydroponic farming and vertical farming through advanced features, offering a sustainable system that can contribute to food security

Resilient onions: Adapting onion cultivation to climate change

Background: Global climate change poses serious challenges to shallot cultivation. Rising temperatures, altered rainfall patterns, and reduced soil moisture directly affect plant growth and yield, even leading to crop failure due to flooding or drought. To address these issues, adaptive cultivation strategies are needed, including the use of true shallot seed (TSS), efficient irrigation management, and proper fertilization. This study aims to examine the physiological responses of shallot plants to drought stress caused by climate change, assess the effectiveness of TSS technology as an adaptive planting material, and evaluate irrigation and nutrient management practices to support sustainable cultivation. Methods: This study uses a literature review method to synthesize current knowledge on enhancing the resilience of shallot plants to climate variability. Data collection was carried out through a systematic search in scientific databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, and CAB Abstracts, using relevant structured keywords. Data from the selected studies were thematically analyzed to address four main focal points: the physiological and biochemical responses of shallots to drought stress, the development and challenges of adopting True Seed Shallot (TSS) technology, the impact of climate change on nutrient management, and climate-adaptive irrigation management strategies. Findings: Based on the review conducted, climate change, particularly drought stress, has a significant impact on the growth and yield of shallots. Physiological responses such as proline accumulation, soluble sugars, and stomatal closure are key mechanisms in coping with water scarcity, although they also limit plant growth and productivity. The use of True Seed Shallot (TSS) technology has been proven to offer advantages in disease resistance, cost efficiency, and adaptation to changing climatic conditions, although it requires specific cultivation techniques and farmer training. Sustainable agricultural practices, such as drip irrigation, organic fertilization, and the selection of climate-resilient varieties, are essential to enhance crop resilience. Conclusion: integrating drought-resilient practices, such as True Seed Shallot (TSS) technology, efficient irrigation, and nutrient management, is essential to enhance shallot cultivation sustainability under climate change. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this study lies in its integrated analysis of shallot physiological responses to drought stress, true seed shallot (TSS) technology, and climate-smart irrigation and fertilization practices to enhance shallot resilience under climate change

Yield and physical pulp properties of three Eucalyptus Pellita F. Muell clones at two active alkali concentrations: A study in tropical agriculture practices

Background: Efforts to enhance the genetic quality of Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell by PT. Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper included breeding several clones to optimize raw materials for pulp and paper production. Three clones—CEP06, CEP13, and CGP32—were selected to determine their potential based on pulp yield and physical properties. Methods: The wood samples from these clones were cooked using the sulfate process with active alkali concentrations of 13% and 15%, 25% sulfidity, a wood-to-liquor ratio of 1:4, a cooking temperature of 170°C, and a cooking duration of 2 hours. Pulp yields, kappa numbers, and pulp properties, including tear, burst, and tensile indices, were analyzed. Statistical analysis employed Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) tests. Findings: The clones CEP13 and CGP32 achieved higher screened yields at 38.34% and 38.26%, respectively, compared to CEP06. However, CEP06 demonstrated superior tear and burst indices of 6.36 mN·m²/g and 3.60 kPa·m²/g, respectively. The highest tensile index of 41.75 Nm/g was observed in the CGP32 clone. Significant differences were found among the clones in terms of screened yield, kappa number, and certain pulp properties. Additionally, active alkali concentrations significantly affected the screened yield and kappa number, with interactions between clones and alkali concentrations significantly influencing kappa numbers. Conclusion: The CEP06 clone is recommended for pulp and paper production due to its favorable pulp properties, making it an excellent raw material candidate. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study highlights the potential of Eucalyptus pellita clones in optimizing raw materials for pulp and paper industries, emphasizing their specific advantages and contributions to sustainable forestry practices

The effect of giving bitter leaf (Vernonia Amygdalina) flour in ration on the hematological profiles in laying hens rejection phase

Background: This study aimed to determine the effect of bitter leaf flour in ration with different levels of laying hens on the haematological profile. The materials used were 20 laying hens with Hy-line strain, 110 weeks old, placed in battery cages and feed with 16-18% crude protein content of 120 grams/head/day and drinking water addlibitum. Methods: The research was conducted using an experimental method with a completely randomized design four treatments that were repeated five times. The treatments were given in the form of bitter leaf flour in ration with levels of P0: 0% (control), P1: 1%, P2: 2%, P3: 3%. The variables measured were haematological profiles such as erythrocytes, haemoglobin, hematocrit and leukocytes. The data obtained were then analyzed using analysis of variance. Finding: The results showed that giving bitter leaf flour in ration with levels of 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3% had no significant effect (P>0.05) on erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and leukocytes of laying hens. Connclusion: It was concluded that giving levels of bitter leaf flour up to 3% did not affect the haematological profile of laying hens. Novelty/Originality of this Article: The novelty of this study lies in its exploration of bitter leaf flour (Vernonia Amygdalina) as a natural feed additive in the diet of elderly laying hens (110 weeks old), a topic that is still underrepresented in poultry research, especially regarding its effect on haematological health parameter

From anthropocentrism to ecocentrism: The role of local wisdom and religious tradition in transforming environmental ethics

Background: Bali is one of the islands in Indonesian archipelago that has the most beautiful tourist destinations and always gets visits from local and non-local tourists. The growth of Bali’s tourist destinations makes Bali must expand tourist areas such as hotels, restaurants, and areas that can increase the visits of local and non-local residents. As a result, Bali has occurred massive cover change to land use and some vegetation degradation that causes environmental damage. There is still an ethic of anthropocentrism in managing Bali’s environment. The ethics of ecocentrism have been applied in most Balinese communities but most also still adhere to the ethics of anthropocentrism, the need for ecocentrism ethics to be developed throughout of the community to manage the natural environment properly. Methods: This research uses a qualitative method, conducted by analyzing the problems that exist in Bali. Data collection uses literature study-based method that is related to environmental management from the point of view of ecocentrism in Bali. The analysis is carried out by providing description related to the perception of Balinese people in environmental management and culture values that can be used as guidelines in environmental management. Findings: Balinese people, especially Hindus, have practiced ecocentrism paradigm quite well towards the environment. Balinese Hindus apply Tri Hita Karana in managing and conserving the natural environment, especially water and forests. Preservation of the natural environment is one of the important things in Hinduism because it is one of their ritual parts. Conclusion: In managing the natural environment, especially water and forests, it cannot be separated from the local wisdom of Balinese Hindus culture, including tumpek wariga, tumpek uye and wana kertih. Therefore, it can be concluded that Balinese people have implemented ecocentrism ethics. Novelty/Originality of this Article: This study provides a cultural perspective on environmental ethics by emphasizing the integration of Balinese Hindu local wisdom, such as Tri Hita Karana, tumpek wariga, tumpek uye, and wana kertih, in practicing ecocentrism for sustainable environmental management

Integrative policy development for agricultural priority areas: Balancing land suitability and commodity preferences

Background: Indonesia has the potential of natural resources to support agriculture. However, there are still some areas that have not optimized natural resources. People focus on planting commodity crops without considering the physical conditions of the environment and socio-culture. This research aims to develop policy directions for agricultural priority areas that consider the physical conditions of the environment and their suitability for farmers' commodity preferences. Methods: This study uses a quantitative approach with a combined method to determine agricultural priority areas. It integrates ZAE analysis, land carrying capacity, and farmers' commodity preferences. Findings: The results showed that the commodities preferred by farmers were cocoa, corn, and upland rice. The preference for these commodities has a significant correlation, especially with the source of income and the size of cultivated land. There is a 51% mismatch of existing agricultural land with the ZAE while in general agriculture in Nangapanda is in accordance with the carrying capacity of the land because it is at a high level of carrying capacity. Conclusion: Based on the agricultural priority areas formed, agriculture in Nangapanda can utilize dry land mainly for plantations with the direction of the main commodities tailored to the physical conditions of the land and the preferences of farmers namely cocoa, cashew, cloves, nutmeg, pepper. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this research lies in the integrative approach in formulating agricultural priority area policies that combine the suitability of physical environmental conditions and farmers' commodity preferences, which has not been widely applied in similar studies

Communication dynamics in farmer groups: Enhancing food security programs through agricultural collaboration

Background: Bungaraya Subdistrict is one of the largest rice-producing areas in Riau Province. However, in 2023, rice production experienced a significant decline, decreasing from the target of 45,463 tons to 26,064 tons. This decline highlights the necessity of supporting food security programs implemented by farmer groups (Gapoktan). Communication dynamics within Gapoktan play a crucial role in supporting food security initiatives. This study examines the communication dynamics within Gapoktan Sumber Rezeki, focusing on how these dynamics contribute to the success of food security programs. Methods: This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, involving seven informants as participants. Data collection methods include interviews, observations, and document analysis to gain a comprehensive understanding of communication dynamics within Gapoktan Sumber Rezeki. The study categorizes communication dynamics into two types: formal and informal communication, further distinguishing between vertical and horizontal communication structures. Findings: The findings reveal that communication dynamics within Gapoktan Sumber Rezeki are divided into formal and informal communication. Formal communication occ urs through both vertical and horizontal channels. Vertical communication involves exchanges between the Gapoktan members and Agricultural Extension Workers (PPL), facilitating the dissemination of program information, policy coordination, and activity management. Horizontal communication occurs among members of similar levels within the organization, utilizing face-to-face meetings and WhatsApp groups. Informal communication, on the other hand, takes place during casual interactions in the field, such as discussions and information sharing about rice cultivation. This informal interaction fosters stronger relationships, trust, and collaboration among members. Conclusions: Overall, both formal and informal communication significantly support food security programs by enhancing coordination, transparency, and solidarity within the group. Novelty/Originality of this article: By examining both vertical and horizontal communication structures, the research highlights the critical role of structured and casual communication in achieving organizational goals

Barriers and readiness for implementation of Indonesian sustainable palm oil in independent smallhollders plantations: A case study

Background: Smallholders have been required to implement a sustainable system in developing their plantations. Sustainability aspects that have been determined by the government that must be obeyed and fulfilled by every smallholder are listed in the principles and criteria of Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO). This research will focus on how smallhodelrs preferring and implementation gap ISPO certification requirements, as well as what factors cause these gaps. Methods: Data was collected based on direct interviews with 11 Village Unit Cooperative Administrators (KUD) in Sanggau Regency. The data was then processed and studied using the Gap Analysis method. Findings: The average implementation of ISPO in the respondent cooperatives is only 37 percent, which means that there is no implementation of ISPO in in the practice of cultivating oil palm plantations by independent smallholders. Independent smallholders need special training in its implementation some of the factors that cause gaps in the implementation of ISPO in independent smallholders in Sanggau Regency include organizations that are not well developed, limited access to finance. Conclusions:  The lack of information obtained by independent smallholders regarding the principles and procedures for implementing ISPO, as well as the lack of socialization of sustainable oil palm cultivation practices from both government and private institutions. One of solution to that problems is need a patner organization who can collaborate to implementation ISPO in smallholders. Novelty: This research contributes to the limited studies on ISPO implementation among independent smallholders, particularly in Sanggau Regency. Unlike previous studies that focus on large-scale palm oil industries, this study provides empirical insights into the practical challenges faced by smallholders