The impact of valproic acid administration: Effects on the growth of tongue cancer cells

Background: Tongue cancer represents the predominant malignancy within the oral cavity (25 – 40% of squamous cell carcinoma), necessitating treatment modalities such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Valproic acid, an antiepileptic medication, functions as a histone deacetylase inhibitor or activator of anti-tumor signaling pathways. Objective: To deepen our understanding of the effects of valproic acid on the viability, cytotoxicity, proliferation, and migration capabilities of HSC-3 cells. Method: This study employed an in vitro laboratory approach, exposing HSC-3 cells to valproic acid. The experimental groups included a negative control with culture media devoid of valproic acid, and treatment groups exposed to valproic acid at concentrations of 145 ppm, 180 ppm, and 355 ppm, respectively. Results: Significant differences (p-value < 0.05) were observed between HSC-3 cells treated with valproic acid (145 ppm, 180 ppm, and 355 ppm) and the control group in terms of viability, cytotoxicity, proliferation, and migration. Reduced cell viability, increased cytotoxicity, and decreased proliferation were noted. Migration assays indicated suppressed migration of HSC-3 cells.  Conclusion: In summary, this study reveals that valproic acid exerts substantial effects on various aspects of HSC-3 cell behavior. It decreases cell viability, enhances cytotoxicity, suppresses proliferation, and inhibits cell migration. These findings highlight the potential of valproic acid as a therapeutic agent for tongue cancer by targeting crucial cellular processes involved in cancer progression. Further research and clinical trials are essential to confirm these effects and explore their application in cancer treatment strategies. Novelty/Originality of this article:: This study shows valproic acid has potential as a therapeutic agent for tongue cancer by decreasing cell viability, increasing cytotoxicity, suppressing proliferation, and inhibiting migration of HSC-3 cells. These findings introduce a new application of valproic acid as an anticancer agent, expanding the use of antiepileptic drugs. This study opens up opportunities for developing more effective tongue cancer therapies and encourages further research and clinical trials to validate these findings

Factors contributing to work fatigue among nurses at hospital: A study on the impact of work attitudes, shift schedules, and sleep quality

Background: Fatigue is an essential body protection mechanism, preventing further damage and allowing recovery after rest. In work, especially in the hospital environment, fatigue can affect the performance and well-being of medical personnel, including nurses. This study aims to identify and analyze factors associated with work-related fatigue among Dr. Adjidarmo Regional Hospital nurses. The main focus of this study includes the relationship between gender, length of service, work attitude, shift schedule, and sleep quality on the level of fatigue experienced by nurses. Method: This study adopted a cross-sectional design targeting a population of 256 nurses who are actively practicing at Dr Adjidarmo Regional Hospital. The study sample consisted of 75 respondents selected using a random sampling method. Data was collected through questionnaire-based interviews that accessed information from secondary and primary sources. The data obtained were analyzed univariate and bivariate to determine the prevalence and significant relationship between the variables studied and work-related fatigue. Findings: Univariate analysis revealed that out of 75 respondents, 54.7% reported experiencing moderate work-related fatigue. Demographic distribution showed that 74.7% of respondents were female, 81.3% had worked for five years or more, 50.7% showed risky work attitudes, 29.3% worked night shifts, and 52.0% reported poor sleep quality. The results of the bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between work attitudes (P-value = 0.000), shift schedules (P-value = 0.002), and sleep quality (P-value = 0.000) with the level of work-related fatigue. Conclusion: Based on these findings, it is recommended that shift schedules be distributed evenly during the third shift to reduce nurse fatigue. In addition, stretching exercises and physical activity during work breaks should be encouraged to improve nurses' well-being and reduce fatigue-related problems. This intervention aims to improve nurses' working conditions, which can improve patient care quality and reduce fatigue's negative impact on work performance. Originality/Novelty: This study offers new insights into factors contributing to work-related burnout among nurses, focusing on specific variables such as work attitudes, shift schedules, and sleep quality. The study identifies significant correlations that have not been widely explored in the context of a regional hospital in Indonesia. By providing practical recommendations for redistributing shift schedules and promoting stretching exercises, this study contributes to the development of evidence-based intervention strategies to address burnout in the hospital workplace

Quality of artificial rain to overcome clean water crisis: A review on several parameters

Water is the most important substance needed by living things apart from air. Long droughts have serious impacts on society and the environment resulting in a lack of clean water supply, both in terms of quality and quantity. The purpose of the article is to contribute to a better understanding of overcoming the clean water crisis by utilizing artificial rain. The method of writing this article is a literature study on several journals and previous articles to obtain data and information to review experiences that have been successfully carried out in previous studies. The parameters used are pH, DHL, Sulfate, and Ca. Based on the study data, the pH is 6-8 which is still safe for drinking water consumption and fisheries, the DHL parameter is not recommended for drinking water consumption because it contains electric charge and is not recommended for agriculture and fisheries because it has high DHL levels. Sulfate is considered safe because it has low levels. In general, the presence of sulfate does not have a significant impact on health because the nature of sulfate ions is quite stable and does not react easily.   Both high and low Ca levels are still considered unsafe. Only pH and Sulfate levels are classified as safe for agriculture, fisheries, and as drinking water

Analysis of the relationship of household waste to Cikapundung river water pollution around Wastukencana street

Cikapundung river, a tributary of the heavily polluted Citarum River, faces significant contamination due to human activities, particularly those near its vicinity. Without community awareness to preserve the river's ecosystem, its water quality deteriorates. This study aims to analyze the correlation between household waste generated by nearby residents and the pollution of Cikapundung river near Wastukencana Street. Employing a descriptive-qualitative method, the research involved observation, surveys, and direct interviews with local residents. Samples were selected using purposive sampling based on specific considerations related to the research objectives. Observations revealed both organic and inorganic waste in the river, leading to sedimentation. Additionally, numerous riverside structures were found filled with garbage, indicating a high density of construction. Interviews highlighted that residents refrain from using the river water for daily activities due to its poor quality, colored and contaminated with chemicals and waste. The majority rely on piped water from the water utility (PDAM), with many lacking septic tanks, leading household wastewater to directly flow into Cikapundung river. Consequently, household waste significantly contributes to the river's pollution, exacerbated by a lack of public awareness, knowledge about waste management, and governmental attention to environmental preservation

Characterization of waste composition as a basis for developing a community-based 3R TPS system in waste management efforts

Background: The issue of waste management has become a major concern in many regions, including Pandansari Lor Village, Malang Regency. To address this challenge, it is necessary to develop an effective waste management system that involves the active participation of the community. This study aims to determine the waste composition in Pandansari Lor Village as a basis for developing a 3R (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle) Waste Transfer Station system that is tailored to the needs of the community. Method: The research methodology includes primary data collection through sampling and analysis of waste composition, as well as secondary data collection from relevant sources. Findings: The results show that the waste composition in Pandansari Lor Village is dominated by organic waste, including food waste (58.42%) and garden waste (3.84%), followed by plastic waste (26.74%), paper waste (5.89%), and other types of waste. Conclusion: These findings provide valuable insights for the design and implementation of a community-based 3R Waste Transfer Station system that can effectively manage the waste generated in the village. The proposed system aims to maximize resource recovery, reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills, and promote sustainable waste management practices within the community. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study develops a waste disposal model tailored to the specific waste composition of the village, focusing on processing organic waste into high-quality compost and recycling plastic into products of economic value. The model also integrates a community-based education system to increase participation in waste sorting at source

Environmental pollution and its impact: A study on waste management

Waste management concentrates on being able to overcome the waste problem, because the problem of waste is no stranger to hearing, so to be better we must be able to control bad behavior, namely littering. Then this is where we live and also where other living beings live, so we must take care of each other in good condition because the environment will affect all aspects. And a good environment can be seen from the cleanliness of the environment itself, such as clean air, cool and clear water, then managing waste properly and being able to plant more trees so that the environment can re-green the area. However, garbage still destroys the surrounding environment. For the development of a healthy environment, we must be self-aware to protect our homes by minimizing the use of plastic and for waste-producing companies to be able to manage it properly, not to damage the environment by disposing of its waste carelessly. Because to deal with waste management, this company aims to utilize B3 waste. and non-B3. and better to protect the environment using materials that can be recycled

Potentially toxic freshwater fish varieties

Polluted waters generally contain materials harmful to human health, factory waste, metal waste, community waste can pollute these waters. Although polluted, there are some organisms that are able to survive in such conditions, such as catfish. The purpose of this article is to determine the diversity in aquatic ecosystems polluted by textile waste through bioindicators in the form of fish. The result of this study was the discovery of 3 species of fish that are able to adapt to polluted waters, namely Clarias batrachus, Pterygoplichthys pardalis, and Fundulus Grandis. The method used is in the form of a literature study on topics relevant to the purpose of this article. The results show that polluted water conditions can affect diversity in aquatic ecosystems, evidenced by the development of invasive species and the reduction of native species in a freshwater ecosystem. Species that are able to survive in polluted water conditions may contain harmful substances such as heavy metals and should not be consumed by humans

Improving occupational health and safety discipline for accident prevention through the implementation of the 5-S practice

Work accidents are not just a single event but occur through a series of interrelated causes. The main source of accidents is the existence of unsafe actions that refer to worker behavior and unsafe conditions that refer to the work environment. The approach that can be used to prevent work accidents in the work environment is the implementation of the 5S standard through the Plan Do Check Action (PDCA) methodology. The implementation of 5S is carried out in stages and systematically starting from planning, implementation, checking, and continual improvement of each 5S element. Each of the five stages is important and should be taken seriously and handled separately and sequentially. The initial three stages are operational; the fourth phase preserves the state established in the first three phases; and the fifth phase aids in our efforts to improve things continuously. Improved working conditions and an accident-free workplace can result from a better understanding of the 5S idea and how it relates to the safety management system. This will increase employee satisfaction in industrial organizations

A ecological study of galamsey activities in Ghana and their physiological toxicity

Background: Small-Scale Small-Scale Gold Mining (ASGM), locally known as "galamsey," has emerged as a pervasive issue in Ghana characterized with environmental degradation, land and water resource depletion, health hazards for miners, social and economic impacts. This comprehensive review explores the ecological and health effects of galamsey operations across different regions of the country. Methods: The study employs a systematic analysis method to examine the available literature from 2000 to 2023. Various academic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, JSTOR, and relevant government publications, were searched to gather relevant information. Findings: The review reveals that galamsey has had significant ecological consequences, including deforestation, habitat destruction, water pollution, and soil degradation, which have adversely affected Ghana's natural beauty. Moreover, the study highlights the physiological health issues faced by galamsey miners, such as accidents, physical strain, mental strain, kidney problems, respiratory disorders, and metabolic diseases. The presence of elevated levels of mercury, cyanide, arsenic, and cadmium in both the environment and the human body are directly linked to ASGM in Ghana. About seventy percent (70%) of the houses in ASGM community relied on surface water, and all of the homes utilized the fields or bush as their main toilet. Conclusion: Implementing remote sensing, geospatial technologies, promoting clean mining technologies, integrating environmental conservation, occupational safety and public health awareness are key technical and innovative measures to mitigate galamsey in Ghana. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study proposes an integrated approach to address the impacts of galamsey, combining remote sensing and geospatial technologies with public health and environmental conservation programs. The model can provide a comprehensive understanding of the spatial and temporal impacts of ASGM and enable more targeted interventions

Analysis of the relationship between attitudes, training, and perceptions of food handlers on supervision and the implementation of personal hygiene among food handlers

Background: Poor personal hygiene can affect the cleanliness of food provided to patients. A preliminary study conducted at XX Hospital Nutrition Installation found that five food handlers failed to use complete personal protective equipment (PPE), and two food handlers engaged in conversation while preparing food. This research aims to identify factors influencing the implementation of personal hygiene among food handlers at XX Hospital Nutrition Installation. Method: This quantitative study employed a cross-sectional design from November 2019 to March 2020. The sample included 43 food handlers selected through total sampling. Data analysis utilized SPSS and Chi-square tests. Results: The study indicated that 48.8% of food handlers exhibited inadequate personal hygiene, 41.9% had limited knowledge, 53.5% demonstrated negative attitudes, 60.5% did not receive training, and 51.2% perceived inadequate supervision from their superiors. Significant correlations were observed between knowledge (p=0.004), attitude (p=0.000), training (p=0.000), and perception of supervision (p=0.004) with the implementation of personal hygiene. Conclusion: Attitude, training, and perception of supervision significantly influence the adherence to personal hygiene among food handlers at XX Hospital 's Nutrition Installation. It is recommended that the Nutrition Installation enhance supervision of food handlers' personal hygiene and conduct certified training programs on food hygiene and sanitation. Novelty/Originality: This study provides new insights into the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, training, and perceptions of supervision with implementing personal hygiene in the context of hospital food handlers. The findings suggest that although multiple factors influence individual hygiene, a better training and supervision-based approach can significantly improve compliance with hygiene practices, which is an essential contribution to managing food quality in the hospital environment