Nature based solution to climate change: Ecosystem based adaptation: How effective for climate change strategies?

Climate change is produced by a shift in the planet's energy balance, which determines how much of the energy from the sun that enters the earth (and its atmosphere) is released back into space. The planet gains energy when we lower the quantity of solar radiation reflected into space, just as individuals gain weight when there is an imbalance between calories in and calories out [1]. Climate change is an important thing that we must note, the climate may change but in the change there are things that we must consider, namely about the impact of climate change, this is related to SDG 13 which seeks to combat climate change and overcome its impacts. The SDG 13.1 target specifically aims to strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters. Such events represent the cutting edge of climate change. The frequency and intensity increase. There are many ways to mitigate and adapt to climate change some that we can do by apply of Nature Based Solution to Climate change and Ecosystem based adaptation that can be expected to play an effective role in climate change mitigation strategies. In addition, there are several things that must be considered in terms of social, environmental and also economic so that what we apply in handling climate change can be optimal and work well, the object in this discussion is about Nature Based Solution and Ecosystem Based Adaptation how effective it is to overcome climate change problems by using several methods such are measurements, vulnerability, a case, tools, several data and evidence that ultimately in this discussion proved that both are very helpful and effective in adaptation and mitigation to climate change. Nature based solution and ecosystem based adaptation are both things that cannot be separated because both are one part that has the same function in one way of handling climate change

Analisa pemanfaatan sumber daya alam perikanan tangkap di provinsi Sulawesi Barat

The utilization of capture fisheries resources in West Sulawesi Province is currently at its lowest level compared to five other provinces in the Sulawesi region, although overall utilization conditions have reached fully exploited and over-exploited status. The low utilization is caused by the lack of fishing facilities and infrastructure as well as the lack of empowerment of fishermen in the province. This study aims to analyze the level of utilization of capture fisheries resources and the factors influencing them in West Sulawesi Province. The data collection method used was a survey and interviews with 50 fishermen in 5 districts/cities. The results show that the average productivity of fishermen's fishing is still very low compared to other provinces in Sulawesi. In addition to the lack of capital and infrastructure, the low level of education and skills of fishermen is also a major cause. Therefore, various efforts are needed to empower fishermen through training and capital assistance so that the utilization of capture fisheries resources can be optimal and sustainable

Kajian pemanfaatan limbah ampas tahu dan sekam padi dengan perekat tapioka menjadi briket biomassa

Energy is a crucial requirement for the survival of humans. The increasing demand for energy necessitates the exploration of alternative, renewable energy options. One potential avenue is the utilization of biomass energy from waste tofu residue to produce briquettes. Rice husk is chosen as an additive to enhance the calorific value of the briquettes. The objective of this research is to identify the properties of briquettes made from tofu residue and rice husk, including moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, and calorific value, in accordance with the standard (SNI–01-6235–2000). Briquettes are produced by combining tofu residue, rice husk, and tapioca flour in three variations: 30:20:17:33, 25:25:17:33, and 20:30:17:33, respectively. The research results, using ANOVA analysis, indicate that the composition of the mixture variations significantly affects the parameters of moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, and calorific value in laboratory tests. Furthermore, t-Test analysis reveals that the parameters that significantly meet the briquette standard according to SNI–01-6235–2000 are moisture content and calorific value. In conclusion, the composition of briquette mixture variations influences the test results, and the moisture content parameter significantly complies with the briquette standard according to SNI–01-6235–2000. However, ash content, volatile matter, and calorific value parameters do not yet meet the briquette standard according to SNI–01-6235–2000. Therefore, utilizing tofu residue as a renewable energy source in the form of briquettes could be considered, with some aspects requiring further refinement to meet the standard

Peatland wetness as an indicator of fire occurrence in Forest and Land Fires (FLFs)

Background: Peatland ecosystems play an important role in the hydrological cycle and carbon cycling. In Indonesia, peatlands store about 28.6 gigatonnes of carbon which is equivalent to 10 years of global fossil fuel emissions. Peatlands act as a water storage during wet seasons and slowly release water during dry seasons to maintain river discharges and hydrological balance. However, climate change induced prolonged drought has increased peatland dryness in recent decades which elevate the risks of unwanted peatland fires. During El Nino-induced drought in 2015, over 2.6 million hectares of forest and land burned, emitting 0.81–1.4 gigatonnes of greenhouse gasses. The extreme fires damaged biodiversity, degraded water quality and displaced thousands of locals. This study aimed to analyze peatland wetness as an indicator of fire occurrences in forest and land fires (FLFs) in Riau, Indonesia by examining the relationship between degree of peatland wetness derived from satellite imagery and hotspots data. Methods: Peatland wetness was estimated from microwave backscattering coefficients at several RadarSat synthetic aperture radar (SAR) wavelengths and cross validated with water table depth measurements from 120 monitoring wells. Hotspots data between 2015-2020 were obtained from NASA's MODIS active fire product. Findings: Preliminary results showed significant negative correlations between peatland wetness and numbers of hotspots in peatlands, with more hotspots occurring in drier peatlands compared to wetter ones. This implies that maintaining peatland hydrological functions through continuous saturation is pivotal to prevent severe peatland wildfires under future climate change. Conclusion: Conservation efforts to restore hydrological balance in degraded peatlands through re-wetting strategies are recommended. Further research utilizing machine learning algorithms to produce high-resolution peatland wetness maps can improve fire risk monitoring in peatlands. Novelty/Originality of this Study: This study introduces the novel concept of utilizing peatland wetness as a key indicator for predicting and mitigating forest and land fires in Indonesia, particularly in Riau Province. By combining peatland moisture and temperature data, the research establishes threshold values to better predict fire risks and guide timely mitigation efforts, thereby enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of FLF response activities

Mycorrhizal symbiosis and natural dye waste organic fertilizer: Enhancing growth and yield in Indigofera tinctoria

Background: Indigofera tinctoria, commonly known as true indigo, is a plant widely used in the textile industry for its natural indigo dye, which produces a rich blue color for fabrics. I. tinctoria, known for its natural bluish-purple dye, generates 10% dye and 90% waste during extraction, requiring effective waste management. This study aimed to optimize organic fertilizer and mycorrhiza doses from I. tinctoria  waste for enhancing soil fertility in arid regions. Methods: The study was conducted from May to December 2020 in Puron Village, Bulu District, Sukoharjo Regency. A factorial Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with 2 factors was employed. The first factor consisted of 5 levels of I. tinctoria  organic fertilizer treatments: 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 g per plant. The second factor included 3 levels of mycorrhiza treatments: 0, 10, and 20 g per plant. Variables observed included mycorrhizal infection on roots, plant growth rate, and yield (fresh leaf and shoot weight of I. tinctoria ). Data analysis utilized ANOVA at a 5% significance level followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Results: The results indicated that organic fertilizer from natural dye waste at a dosage of 200 g per plant increased the percentage of mycorrhizal-infected roots and boosted shoot weight by 63.27% at 8 weeks after planting (WAP). Mycorrhiza at 10 g per plant increased mycorrhizal infection percentage and enhanced shoot weight by 45.98% at 4 WAP. The combination of I. tinctoria  extraction waste organic fertilizer at 200 g per plant and mycorrhizal at 10 g per plant showed interaction, significantly increasing the growth of root nodules of I. tinctoria by 84.04% at 12 WAP. Conclusion: The integration of organic fertilizer derived from indigo dye waste and mycorrhiza presents a promising strategy for enhancing I. tinctoria  growth and productivity. Novelty/Originality of this Study: This study is distinctive in its demonstration of the effective use of I. tinctoria  extraction waste as an organic fertilizer, aligning with zero-waste principles and contributing to improvements in plant growth and soil fertility. Furthermore, it investigates the synergistic effects of mycorrhizal associations on enhancing nutrient absorption and overall productivity of I. tinctoria , an aspect that has not been thoroughly explored in prior research

Analysis of total biomass, carbon stock and carbon dioxide uptake in Kandelia candel stands

Background: Mangrove ecosystems play a crucial role in mitigating climate change through carbon sequestration. This study aimed to quantify the biomass, carbon stock, and carbon dioxide uptake of Kandelia candel stands on Payung Island, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Methods: Non-destructive sampling was conducted at two stations using 10x10 m plots along 50 m transects. Tree diameter was measured and allometric equations were used to estimate biomass and carbon stocks. Environmental parameters were also recorded. Finding: The highest biomass (193.69 tons/ha), carbon stock (89.11 tons C/ha), and CO2 uptake (320.04 tons CO2/ha) were found at Station II, correlating with larger average tree diameters. Environmental conditions, including salinity (0‰), pH (7.0), temperature (24-28°C), and humidity (90-91%), were favorable for K. candel growth. The substantial carbon storage demonstrates the importance of these stands for climate change mitigation. Conclusion: This study provides valuable data on the carbon sequestration potential of K. candel in a unique estuarine setting, contributing to our understanding of mangrove ecosystems' role in global carbon cycles and informing conservation strategies. Novelty/Originality of this Study: This study focuses on quantifying the biomass, carbon stocks, and CO₂ uptake of Kandelia candel stands within the unique estuarine ecosystem of Payung Island, South Sumatra. By providing species-specific data on K. candel—a mangrove species that has been relatively underexplored—this research addresses a significant knowledge gap and enhances our understanding of its role in carbon sequestration

Decrease in quality and quantity of clean water due to climate change

Climate change is a world phenomenon that is often discussed recently and has an impact, one of which is an increase in temperature. In addition, previous research says that climate change affects water resources found all over the world, where this temperature change is also enjoyed by the residents. The purpose of this research which means to know the impact of climate change (climate change) on the quantity and quality of hygienic water. Water is one of the natural resources that is needed all the time so that it is a very crucial human need. The method that will be carried out in this research is the mix method, namely the Library Study method and the qualitative method using descriptive lighting. with the impact of climate change which causes an increase in air temperature, causing faster evaporation of water, resulting in rapid reduction of groundwater. Conclusion : This reduced groundwater will affect the quantity and quality of hygienic water on earth. The results of this study are expected to be useful for the government and agencies related to the provision of hygienic water. Besides that, other people can learn to understand why there can be a decrease in the quality and quantity of hygienic water

Determining the onset and cessation of seasonal rains in Shire Valley, Southern Malawi

Background: Malawi's agricultural activities rely heavily on rainfall. Rain signals the start of a distribution of rain that is unsuitable for plant development, whereas lighting marks the end of rain's ability to support plants. Malawi's tropical savanna climate has a rainy season from November to April, accounting for 95% of total annual rainfall, and a dry season from May to October, with milder temperatures and occasional showers at higher elevations from May to July. Methods: This study examines the commencement and cessation of seasonal rainfall in the Shire Valley, southern Malawi, between 1990 and 2019. The objectives include identifying rainfall characteristics, examining trends in the start, closure, and length of the rainy season, and categorizing onset and narrative dates. The Department of Climate Change and Meteorological Services provided daily rainfall data, and dates were determined using R-Instat. Findings: Rain often begins in Nsanje on November 28, followed by Ngabu on December 7, and Nchalo on December 9. The advertising dates are comparable across stations: April 3 for Nchalo and Ngabu, and April 5 for Nsanje. While most years fall within the typical range, global phenomena like La Niña and El Niño can cause early or late results. Conclusion: These insights are crucial for sustainably managing and developing socioeconomic activities at the national and district levels in Malawi. Novelty/Originality of this Study: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the onset and cessation dates of the rainy season, utilizing long-term rainfall data spanning from 1990 to 2019. This localized analysis addresses existing gaps in the understanding of regional rainfall characteristics, which is essential for enhancing agricultural planning and mitigating resource wastage in an area heavily reliant on rain-fed agriculture

Collective action (still) matters: transformation of government social assistance mechanisms during the covid-19 pandemic

oai:ojs2.journal-iasssf.com:article/30This paper analyzed the Makassar government's public policy during the COVID-19 pandemic, namely the social assistance program. In this study, the perspective of stakeholders is taken, in which in this study the community is the main stakeholder. In addition, there are also other stakeholders such as the Social Service, District, sub District, Social Assistance Assistants. This research will explain the implementation of social assistance policies in Mariso District, Makassar and how the community responds to this policy. In addition, in this study, there were protests carried out by social assistance recipient communities in Mariso District, Makassar as a form of disappointment with the implementation of the Social Assistance policy in Mariso District, which proved successful enough to put pressure on so that aspirations and input could be realized and the government evaluated social assistance programs. COVID-19. This research conduct qualitative methods with data collection techniques using interviews with informants, in this case are the stakeholders. This study also uses the Stakeholder Mapping theory which was popularized by Eden, Ackermann and Bryson. This study uses 3 analyzes in this theory, namely 1) Power versus interest grid, 2) Problem-frame stakeholders map and 3) Policy implementation mapping. The Power versus interest grid is used by researchers to see and analyze from the side of interest and power for the community as the main Stakeholder in this research. The Problem-frame stakeholders map is used by researchers to see how the conditions of stakeholders, in this case, are the community. How does the community solve problems in this social assistance program and what actions are taken by the community to solve these problems. Policy implementation mapping is used by researchers to describe the strategies carried out by the community to influence social assistance policies, especially in Mariso District, Makassar

Mutuality of being in the batak toba community: exploring the maingain tradition in the modern era

This paper explains mutuality of being that is seen through the tradition of mangain (adopts a child) in Batak Toba society which has progressed over time. This tradition is familiar for the Batak Toba people who want to do mixed marriage with non-Batak ethnic groups. In the reality, the whole function of mangain is rooted on ‘child adoption’. This tradition directs people who receive a Batak Toba clan—I called it the “Orang Batak baru”—, not only Batak Toba people, to a Dalihan Na Tolu life which is mutually dependent on each other. On the other hand, mangain does not encourage them forget their parents who gave birth to, and nurturanced for, them. Mangain has become an example of a tradition that can strengthen the unity of Indonesia, a plural country, because kinship in here is not only seen from procreation. Diversity has been seen as a source of conflict of interest between groups in Indonesia. The final result of this article showed that mangain tradition accommodates the Batak Toba people love non-Batak people, and vice versa, which can be seen from the implications of the mutuality of being in it. Archival data, writing of academics from various fields up to other forms of writing, became the basis of this research. Interviews of informants who have been directly involved in the mangain process, even wrote it in a book, then completed this paper