Mushrooms: Potential Agents for the Prevention and Slowdown of Alzheimer's Disease: A Review

Alzheimer's disease as a neurodegenerative disorder is characterized by a decline in cognitive abilities that makes it difficult or impossible to perform ordinary tasks. It is the most common form of dementia and its exact causes are still unknown. Approximately 45.0 million people are affected by this disease, which is the leading cause of death worldwide. Although numerous commercial drugs are available on the world market, many of them have mutagenic, toxic, carcinogenic and other side effects. Therefore, today the world's trend is use of natural products without any harmful effects. Edible and medicinal mushrooms as producers of numerous biologically active compounds, such as polysaccharides, proteins, sterols, terpenoids, etc., could be a safe and effective neuroprotective agents and a promising therapy for patients with Alzheimer's disease. Mushrooms are highly valued functional foods and diet supplementation with them could significantly reduce the risk of apparence of Alzheimer's disease or slow down its development. The results of numerous studies have shown that the addition of mushrooms to the diet not only increases the effectiveness of conventional drugs but also reduces their harmful effects. However, despite numerous studies on mushrooms' medicinal properties, much more in vivo research and clinical trials are still needed to fully understand the potential of mushrooms for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease, as well as to determine their optimal administration. Reviewing all the results so far and considering future necessary studies were the main aims of this review article.M231.5719271

New records and noteworthy data of plants, algae and fungi in SE Europe and adjacent regions, 23

This paper presents new records and noteworthy data on the following taxa in SE Europe and adjacent regions: green alga Cosmarium crenulatum, fungi Calvatia fragilis, Hypoxylon fuscum, Myriostoma coliforme and Zeus olympius, mosses Antitrichia curtipendula, Buxbaumia viridis, Homalothecium meridionale, Physcomitrium arenicola, Sphagnum inundatum and Syntrichia calcicola, monocots Anacamptis × nicodemi nothosubsp. nicodemi, Ornithogalum montanum and Parapholis incurva and dicots Cardamine waldsteinii and Suaeda salsa.M2230932749

A review of Chamalycaeus, Cycloryx and Dicharax species of the Himalaya and Myanmar and seven new species of Alycaeinae from the Blue Mountain, Mizoram, India (Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda, Cyclophoridae)

In this paper, we revise the genera Chamalycaeus, Cycloryx and Dicharax of the Himalayas and Myanmar. Another aim of this work was to identify the 13 species of Alycaeinae collected on the Blue Mountain, Mizoram State, northeastern India. Out of the 13 species from the Blue Mountain, seven are new and are described here: Chamalycaeus mizoramensis Páll-Gergely & Aravind sp. nov., Chamalycaeus reflectus Páll-Gergely & Aravind sp. nov., Cycloryx rohiniae Páll-Gergely & Aravind sp. nov., Dicharax praeda Páll-Gergely & Aravind sp. nov., D. semivivus Páll-Gergely & Aravind sp. nov., D. umashaankeri Páll-Gergely & Aravind sp. nov., D. ganeshaiahi Páll-Gergely & Aravind sp. nov. Altogether, 109 species are recognized, and all are figured. Furthermore, 37 new synonyms are reported, 32 of which were described by Godwin-Austen.M221.3102

Genome insights into the phyllosphere colonization and biocontrol activity of Bacillus velezensis SS-38.4

Book of abstracts, 54M3

Analiza uticaja arsena, litijuma i bora na faunu vodenih beskičmenjaka

pp. 94-105M4

High Level Fluoroquinolone Resistance and Multidrug Resistance in Salmonella Spp. Isolated from Poultry, Turkey Floks and Slaughterhouses in Algeria

In this work, Salmonella spp. was detected in poultry and turkey farms, slaughterhouses and hatcheries in the Sétif Province in Algeria. Eighty single isolates per farm were analyzed by establishing the resistotype and detected resistance genes underlining the mechanism of resistance. In one case, serotypes S. Virchow and S. Ivory were found in the same sample and both isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid. S. Enteritidis was detected in four broiler breeder flocks, three hatcheries, 12 flocks of layers, 12 broiler flocks while five slaughterhouses yielded 10 isolates. The wide distribution of S. Enteritidis in the primary production and food chain in Algeria requires special measures in the management practice on poultry farms. All isolates except five were resistant to nalidixic acid and pefloxacin which means that these salmonellae phenotypically express reduced sensitivity to ciprofloxacin. Five isolates were multidrug resistant. Two Salmonella Galinarum biotype gallinarum isolates from flocks of laying hens were resistant to quinolones, aminoglycosides and sulfonamides. One of these isolates was also resistant to trimethoprim alone and in combination with sulafmethoxazole. One S. Enteritidis isolate was resistant to ampicillin, nalidixic acid, pefloxacin and colistin. Especially worrying is the high level of resistance to ciprofloxacin in nine isolates (six, Salmonella Galinarum biotype gallinarum, two, S. Kentucky and one Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolate) due to mutations in the enzymes DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. Resistance genes were identified in 21 isolates. All resistance genes detected are commonly conferring resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, sulfonamides and trimethoprim antibiotics.M220,830932575

First assessment of environmental genotoxicity using the long-fingered bat Myotis capaccinii (Bonaparte 1837) as a bioindicator

Book of Abstracts 78M3

Unbelievably defensible – the volatile secretion chemistry of European Cryptops Leach, 1814 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Cryptopidae)

Str. 103M3

Multiphoton Live-Cell Metabolic Imaging and Femtosecond Laser Nanosurgery of Filamentous Fungi

Strana 42M3

Increase in lipid portion of Phycomyces blakesleeanus biomass induced by vanadate uptake and accumulation

Fungi are ubiquitous micro-organisms involved in various environmental processes, with a particularly important role in the transformation of metals and minerals, bioremediation and biomining. Filamentous fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus is an interesting model for investigating the interaction of fungi with various ecological factors, such as heavy metals, due to the ease of its cultivation and fast growth. The present study deals with the interaction of increasing vanadate [V(V)] concentrations with the mycelium of P. blakesleeanus in three distinct growth phases: mid-exponential, late exponential and stationary phase. Mid- and late-exponential phase mycelium had a V content of nearly 1% after 24 h incubation with 10 mM V(V), and the uptake of V(V) was accompanied by increased phosphorus uptake with both 5 and 10 mM V(V). Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy showed the increase of lipid portion in biomass compared to proteins and carbohydrates mainly with ageing, but also with vanadate treatment. P. blakesleeanus is tolerant to high V(V) concentrations, and this study suggests its potential as V accumulator. In addition, the increase in lipid content calls for a closer examination of lipid content and fatty acid composition after V(V) treatment and determination of their potential industrial utilization.M220.30171