Climate Change Poses Risk of Local Extinction for Temperate Forest Species in Oaxaca, Mexico

Climate change is expected to drive significant shifts in species distributions, particularly in temperate forest ecosystems. Areas of long-term environmental stability, known as climatic refugia, may play a key role in preserving biodiversity under future climate scenarios. This study assessed the potential impact of climate change on the distribution of eleven temperate forest tree species in Oaxaca, Mexico. Species distribution models were developed for eleven tree-species of temperate forest using Random Forest, Generalized Additive Models, and Generalized Linear Models. Among these, Random Forest achieved the highest predictive performance. Future distributions were projected under two shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP126 and SSP585) for 2040 and 2100. Results indicate that under the SSP585 scenario, all species could lose over 90% of their current potential range by 2100. Although some are classified as “Least Concern” by the IUCN (2024), their local vulnerability is pronounced. Additionally, projections suggest declining representation within Natural Protected Areas, raising concerns about their long-term conservation capacity. These findings highlight the urgency of implementing adaptive conservation measures, including the identification and management of climatic refugia, promotion of assisted migration, and reduction of anthropogenic pressures to enhance species resilience

Pollination and reproductive biology of Byrsonima pachyphylla and B. verbascifolia (Malpighiaceae)

The reproductive biology of Byrsonima pachyphylla and B. verbascifolia in the Brazilian state of Tocantins in the Cerrado biome (Savanna) is described unprecedentedly in this work. This genus belongs to the Malpighiaceae family, which is one of the main sources of resources for bees. Inflorescences of each species were collected for analysis of morphometry and other floral characteristics at Fazenda São Judas Tadeu (10° 48’ 31’’ S and 48° 26’ 52’’ W), located in the municipality of Porto Nacional, Tocantins, Brazil. Floral visitors were observed directly in the field during the peak flowering period. The analysis of the reproductive system was carried out through manual cross-pollination, manual self-pollination, spontaneous self-pollination, apomixis, and natural pollination (control group). The floral characteristics are related to the melittophily syndrome. The bees Centris aenea, C. fuscata, C. sponsa, and C. vittata, were the effective pollinators. Trigona spinipes, Xylocopa frontalis, X. suspecta, Epicharis flava, Augochlora mendax and Apis mellifera performed occasional and sternotribic pollination. Reproductive tests of B. pachyphylla showed fruiting success of 40% by manual cross-pollination and 53% by natural pollination (control group), while through spontaneous self-pollination, manual self-pollination and apomixis there was no reproductive success. For B. verbascifolia, 33% of fruits formed by spontaneous self-pollination, 43% by manual self-pollination, 60% by manual cross- pollination and 63% in the control group, while by apomixis there was no reproductive success. B. pachyphylla is self-compatible and B. verbascifolia is self-incompatible and they both depend on pollinators to ensure their reproductive success

La máquina que solo mata: epistemología del miedo, normalización del exterminio y el ocaso de la palabra

This article reads H. G. Wells’s The War of the Worlds (1898) not as mere science fiction, but as a text with epistemic status: a radical allegory of modern extermination and one-sided violence without reply. Building on Wells’s explicit reference to the systematic destruction of the Tasmanian Aboriginal people, the article argues that the novel crystallises a matrix of ontological asymmetry in which one pole is reduced to sheer vulnerability and the other becomes a killing machine that does not negotiate. Through a phenomenology of flight (the “running body” with no possible refuge) the essay traces a genealogy from Tasmania to the bombing of Guernica, the Nanjing Massacre, Hiroshima, Vietnam, and contemporary forms of necropolitics: drones, sanctions, militarised borders, algorithmic warfare.  Drawing on debates on the coloniality of power (Quijano, 2000), the coloniality of knowledge (Mignolo, 2012), structural and gendered violence (Segato, 2003), and necropolitics (Mbembe, 2003), it contends that Wells’s Martian machine anticipates a historical regime that has now become global: a system that normalises death without mourning, empties victims’ words of efficacy, and renders the witness increasingly powerless. Within this framework, the essay calls for an archive of a disappearing world: a practice of writing and memory that, even if it cannot stop the machine, resists its claim to erase entirely the experience of those who flee and are annihilated.Este artículo propone leer La guerra de los mundos (1898) de H. G. Wells no como mera obra de ciencia ficción, sino como una pieza con estatus epistémico: una alegoría radical del exterminio moderno y de la violencia unilateral sin réplica. Partiendo del reconocimiento explícito que hace el propio Wells del genocidio de los aborígenes tasmanos, el texto explora cómo la novela condensa una matriz de asimetría ontológica en la que un polo queda reducido a pura vulnerabilidad y el otro deviene máquina de muerte sin mediación. A través de una fenomenología de la huida (del “cuerpo que corre” sin refugio posible) el estudio traza una genealogía que va de Tasmania al bombardeo de Guernica, la masacre de Nankín, Hiroshima, Vietnam y las formas contemporáneas de necropolítica: drones, sanciones, fronteras militarizadas, guerra algorítmica. Dialogando con los debates sobre colonialidad del poder (Quijano, 2000), colonialidad del saber (Mignolo, 2012), violencia estructural (Segato, 2003) y necropolítica (Mbembe, 2003), se argumenta que la máquina marciana prefigura un régimen histórico hoy globalizado: un sistema que normaliza la muerte sin duelo, vacía de eficacia la palabra de las víctimas y vuelve impotente la figura del testigo. En este marco, el trabajo defiende la urgencia de un archivo para el mundo que desaparece: una práctica de escritura y memoria que, aun sin detener la máquina, resista su pretensión de borrar por completo la experiencia de quienes huyen y son aniquilados

La república como novela: delirio y ficción en la utopía platónica

This article examines Plato’s Republic as a fictional construct that, paradoxically, expels poetry and poets from the ideal city through a narrative that is itself an exercise of imaginative storytelling. Through textual and conceptual analysis, it is argued that the design of the ideal polis reflects an authoritarian “delirium” ―in terms of exhaustive control over individual and collective life― and reveals a struggle between two forms of fiction: the philosophical and the poetic. The study explores the tensions between the desire for rational order and the impossibility of eliminating the erotic and creative element represented by poetry, while also establishing a dialogue with Kafka’s literature that reveals continuities in the relationship between law, justice and language. It is concluded that the expulsion of the poets can be read as a foundational gesture that marks the ambivalent relationship between philosophy and literature, whose echoes endure in Western culture.Este artículo examina La república de Platón como construcción ficcional que, paradójicamente, expulsa de la ciudad ideal a la poesía mediante un relato que es en sí mismo ejercicio de imaginación narrativa. Mediante un análisis textual y conceptual, se argumenta que el diseño de la polis ideal refleja un "delirio" autoritario ―en términos de control exhaustivo de la vida individual y colectiva― y revela una pugna entre dos formas de ficción: la filosófica y la poética. El estudio explora las tensiones entre el deseo de orden racional y la imposibilidad de eliminar el elemento erótico y creativo que la poesía presenta, estableciendo además un diálogo con la literatura kafkiana que revela continuidades en la relación entre ley, justicia y lenguaje. Se concluye que la expulsión de los poetas puede leerse como gesto fundacional que marca la relación ambivalente entre filosofía y literatura, cuyos ecos perduran en la cultura occidental

Personas mayores, accesibilidad a salud y marginalidad territorial en la región de Los Lagos, Chile

Access to basic services is a determinant in territorial marginalization. This study discusses access to health care services in the Los Lagos Region, Chile, an area with a high share of older population and significant geographic challenges. The research focuses on primary health care (PHC) and its availability in rural areas, where its access is limited by geographic dispersion and lack of health care infrastructure. The study highlights inequalities between urban and rural areas and examines the specific barriers faced by seniors, whose reduced mobility and increased health care needs deepen their vulnerability. In addition, the study addresses the dependence on automobiles and the spatial distribution of health care centres as critical factors in terms of access. Findings underscore the importance of territorial cohesion policies that consider multidimensional accessibility to improve the quality of life and reduce territorial marginalization under a context of demographic ageing.La accesibilidad a servicios básicos es un factor determinante en la marginalización territorial. Este estudio analiza la accesibilidad a servicios de salud en la región de Los Lagos, Chile, una zona con alta presencia de población mayor y desafíos geográficos significativos. La investigación se enfoca en la atención primaria de salud (APS) y su disponibilidad en zonas rurales, donde la dispersión geográfica y la falta de infraestructura sanitaria limitan el acceso. Se destacan las desigualdades entre zonas urbanas y rurales, y se examinan las barreras específicas que enfrentan las personas mayores, cuya movilidad reducida y mayores necesidades de atención médica incrementan su vulnerabilidad. Además, se aborda la dependencia del automóvil y la distribución espacial de los centros de salud como factores críticos en la accesibilidad. Los hallazgos subrayan la importancia de políticas de cohesión territorial que consideren la accesibilidad multidimensional para mejorar la calidad de vida y reducir la marginalización territorial en contextos de envejecimiento demográfico

Comparison between Anderson nuclei and mixed planting: how spacing influences growth performance and functional groups of native species in the restoration of Araucaria forests in southern Brazil

Active restoration strategies are crucial for accelerating forest recovery in highly degraded landscapes within the Araucaria Forest. This study evaluated the effects of two different spatial arrangements: Anderson nuclei and mixed planting on the dendrometric performance of three representative native species (Mimosa scabrella, Araucaria angustifolia, and Solanum diploconos). Data were collected 45 and 57 months after planting and analyzed using multivariate tests (MANOVA) and univariate comparisons. The results showed significant effects of treatments, species, and their interactions on height, diameter at ground level, and canopy projection. Mimosa scabrella, a fast-growing pioneer species, maintained structural dominance across all treatments and years. Araucaria angustifolia, a mid- to late-succession species, showed modest growth in 2023 but responded significantly in 2024, particularly in the Anderson nuclei. Solanum diploconos showed consistently lower values, but with gradual increases, compatible with its shade-tolerant understory niche. Comparisons between the arrangements indicated that the Anderson cores promoted more pronounced facilitation effects, favoring the growth performance of mid- and late- successional species and accelerating canopy closure. At the same time, mixed planting resulted in more homogeneous but less expressive growth patterns. The Anderson’s core technique is an ecologically sound alternative to mixed plantings, as it combines the rapid growth of pioneer species with the creation of a facilitative environment, accelerating the succession process and helping achieve restoration objectives more efficiently

La ciudad de Gonzalo Millán como procedimiento técnico

This article offers a reading of Gonzalo Millán’s La ciudad (1979) through the concept of referential intermediality (Rajewsky), arguing that the book should be understood not merely as a testimonial work of exile and dictatorship, but as a technical-medial object. Rather than representing historical violence, the poem transforms it into a regime of verbal inscription based on seriality, fragmentation, and impersonal registration. While previous criticism has emphasized repetition, montage, and fragment as key formal procedures, this study contends that their critical force emerges from the poem’s capacity to invoke and recontextualize protocols from other media—such as journalism, administrative discourse, and cinema—without abandoning its poetic medium. In this sense, La ciudad operates as a poem-machine that appropriates languages of surveillance and bureaucratic control, exposing their violence through formal operations. Methodologically, the article combines referential intermediality with a scalar reading (line, fragment, series, book) and close readings of representative passages, with special attention to “Poem No. 48,” where the cinematic procedure of rewind is translated into a poetic syntax of temporal inversion. The analysis demonstrates that referential intermediality is not an auxiliary feature but a structural dimension of the book’s technical logic, allowing trauma and memory to be read as formal processes rather than narrative representation.Este artículo propone una lectura de La ciudad (Québec,1979) de Gonzalo Millán desde la noción de intermedialidad referencial (Rajewsky), con el objetivo de comprender el poemario no solo como testimonio del exilio y la dictadura chilena, sino como un objeto técnico-medial. Se sostiene que la violencia histórica no es simplemente representada, sino transformada en un régimen de inscripción verbal basado en la seriación, el corte y el registro impersonal. A partir de una revisión crítica que ha destacado la repetición, el montaje y el fragmento como procedimientos centrales, el artículo argumenta que estos recursos adquieren su plena eficacia al invocar protocolos de otros medios ―prensa, archivo administrativo y cine― sin abandonar la especificidad del medio poético. En este sentido, La ciudad funciona como un poema-máquina que recontextualiza lenguajes de control y vigilancia, exponiendo su violencia estructural en la forma misma del verso. El análisis combina un enfoque de intermedialidad referencial con una lectura escalar (verso, serie, libro) y pasajes clave, en particular del “Poema n.º 48”, donde el procedimiento cinematográfico del rebobinado es traducido en una sintaxis de inversión temporal. Se concluye que la intermedialidad referencial no es un rasgo accesorio, sino una dimensión estructural del funcionamiento técnico del libro, permitiendo leer la memoria y el trauma como operaciones formales antes que como relato

Biomass production in a high-density willow plantation through ten one-year rotation cycles in Central Argentina

High-density willows plantations are used for biomass production in several countries, but in Argentina, information about the adequate management for such plantations is scarce. This fact hinders the development of commercial plantations that could reduce the country dependence on fossil energy. The aim of this work was to analyse the productivity of a willow Short Rotation Coppice (SRC) plantation and to identify potential and actual biomass yields under local conditions. Our hypothesis was that water availability was major limitation for biomass yield in the area, so this factor was included in the trial design. The trial was planted in an agricultural soil in the Rolling Pampas region of Central Argentina, and its yield was measured for a period of 10 years. The factors analysed were irrigation (drip irrigation and rainfed), planting density (13,300 and 20,000 plants ha-1) and two genotypes: Salix alba and a S. matsudana × S. alba hybrid. The trial was disposed in a split-split plot design, and the rotation length was one year. The irrigated treatment consistently produced more than the rainfed one, the yield of irrigated treatment ranged between 10.4-22.6 MG ha-1, and between 2.9-17.6 MG ha-1 for rainfed plots. Yield correlated with water supply during the summer months (rs = 0.79). Biomass production was high in the first four years, but afterwards, yield steadily declined, both in irrigated and rainfed treatments. According to our results, to develop biomass SRC plantations with willows in Central Argentina, irrigation would be necessary during the summer months

Estética negra e intervención cultural en la revista Mandrágora

This article examines the magazine Mandrágora (1938–1943) as a vanguard cultural project that intervened critically in the Chilean literary field through an aesthetic of the “black.” Focusing on the group’s manifestos and poetic production, the study argues that darkness functions not merely as a formal resource, but as a generative and subversive principle that articulates aesthetic negativity and poetic autonomy. The analysis situates Mandrágora within the cultural and literary debates of Chile during the 1930s and 1940s, highlighting its confrontation with dominant realist and socially committed poetics. From a theoretical framework grounded in aesthetic autonomy and cultural intervention, the article proposes that Mandrágora constituted a sustained challenge to prevailing mechanisms of literary legitimation, redefining the role of poetry as a space of resistance, non-identity, and symbolic critique within the modern cultural field.Este artículo analiza la revista Mandrágora (1938–1943) como un proyecto vanguardista que interviene de manera crítica en el campo literario chileno mediante una estética de lo “negro”. A partir del examen de sus manifiestos y de la producción poética de sus integrantes, se sostiene que la oscuridad no opera como un mero recurso formal, sino como un principio generativo y subversivo que articula una forma de negatividad estética y de autonomía poética. Desde un marco teórico desarrollado en el artículo, se propone que Mandrágora constituye una intervención cultural destinada a disputar los mecanismos de legitimación literaria vigentes en Chile durante las décadas de 1930 y 1940

Improving Clonal Propagation of Eucalyptus grandis x urophylla with Indole- 3-Butyric Acid

The Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla hybrid is characterized by its rapid growth and high productivity, which has led to an increasing demand for its propagation in nurseries. To preserve these desirable traits, it is essential to establish clonal gardens and apply effective clonal propagation methods. With the aim of advancing knowledge on asexual propagation techniques, this study evaluates the influence of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and a commercial formulation combining IBA and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on the rooting and root development of cuttings of this hybrid. To achieve this, cuttings were collected from a clonal garden and subjected to five rooting treatments: T0 (control) with 0 ppm IBA; T1 with 1,000 ppm IBA; T2 with 1,500 ppm IBA; T3 with 2,000 ppm IBA; and T4, a commercial formulation containing 4,000 ppm NAA and 1,000 ppm IBA. The experiment was conducted under a completely randomized design (CRD) with 90 experimental units. After treatment application, the cuttings were placed in a greenhouse for 30 days. At the end of this period, rooting percentage, mortality rate, number of roots, root length, and root dry weight were assessed. The results indicated that T2 and T4 exhibited the best performance in terms of rooting and root development. Furthermore, comparison with other studies revealed that excessively high concentrations of IBA can exert toxic effects on cuttings. Overall, the study concludes that IBA, either alone or in combination with NAA, positively influences the rhizogenesis process of Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla cuttings, increasing rooting percentage by up to 62% compared to the control