Observaciones geológicas por evento meteorológicos de junio, comuna de Florida, región del Biobío

Informe Técnico -- Unidad Ejecutora: Unidad de Peligros Geológicos y O.T., Santiago18 p

Living in-between : Implications of local risk perceptions for the management of future eruptions at the Calbuco and Osorno volcanoes (Ensenada, Chile)

Since the perceptions of communities at risk play a central role in managing future emergencies, contingency plans must consider the appropriate involvement of the perspectives of exposed populations. This article addresses the case of Ensenada (Puerto Varas, Chile), a settlement located in the area of direct influence of the Calbuco and Osorno volcanoes. They respectively rank 2nd and 8th in the list of highest-threat Chilean volcanoes. Here we depict the multiple risk perceptions of the inhabitants of Ensenada and the integration of human perceptions into volcanic emergency management through qualitative research, based on semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis. Our results illustrate that Ensenada represents a settlement critically exposed to multiple hazards from both volcanoes, intertwined with a series of social conditions that influence individuals’ self-perception as vulnerable to future eruptions and, simultaneously, as capable of acquiring conditions to strengthen disaster preparedness. Moreover, the locals are eager to participate in future emergency management planning and adopt preventive attitudes at community, household, and individual levels. Based on these results, we highlight the advantages of a better understanding of the causes of perceived risk and its integration into emergency management strategies for future eruptions, in order to visualise how people make sense of daily life and disaster preparedness in the midst of active volcanoes.pp.63-8

Old and modern volcanic depictions as evidence of communities-volcanoes mutualism in Colombia

Studying the different ways in which the concept of volcanism is represented is crucial in the understanding of communities’ perception of the volcanic phenomena. In this contribution, 129 modern (2021-2023) depictions of volcanoes in Colombia between latitudes 0.82 and 5.96° N are described and classified into different contexts of use. Prehispanic depictions of volcanism are investigated in rock art sites (3 pictographs and 33 petroglyphs), and 15 distinct mythical narratives compiled and confirmed through interviews in the State of Nariño. We suggest that many of the rock art sites contain motifs that are reminiscent of the idea of volcanism, and that many of the folk tales include allusions to the volcanic concept. By collating the information contained in modern and older depictions, a link is established with the reality of the volcanic phenomena that shows how mutualism takes root between communities and volcanoes. The beneficial aspects derived from this relationship influence the perception of volcanic hazards in the region.pp.86-16

Evaluación preliminar de peligro geológico en las localidades de Los Maitenes y El Alfalfal, comuna de San José de Maipo

Informe Técnico -- Unidad Ejecutora: Unidad de Asistencias Técnicas y Emergencias Geológicas, Santiago18 p

Grutas del Palacio and other related Upper Cretaceous continental deposits (SW Uruguay) : Main sedimentary features and evidence for an old flooded forest

The Grutas del Palacio is the sector where the Asencio Formation (Upper Cretaceous), which crops out discontinuously in SW Uruguay, is best displayed. The Asencio Formation consists of red terrigenous sediments modified by pedogenesis-lateritic processes. It is constituted from bottom to top by the members Yapeyú (lacustrine) and Palacio (palustrine). The Palacio Member is characterized by the presence of numerous oval-like caves, <2 m high, as well as several column-like structures made up of ferruginized pisolithic aggregates. These structures are encased within sparsely laminated whitish sand-rich mudstone horizons and covered by iron-rich siliceous sandstones. Several interpretations have been proposed for the column-like structures. In this article we suggest that the Asencio Formation was accumulated primarily because of lacustrine processes, under relatively stable tectonic conditions and a warm, seasonally humid climate. The column-like structures would represent the casts of rotting tree trunks, which were later infilled by sand and iron-rich materials. The upper parts of these structures were probably affected by water erosion related to recurrent floods.pp.296-32

Geoquímica de sedimentos fluviales de la cuenca del río Mataquito y de los esteros Los Puercos y Huenchullami, región del Maule, Chile

Informe Registrado IR-24-114152 p

Old and modern volcanic depictions as evidence of communities-volcanoes mutualism in Colombia

Studying the different ways in which the concept of volcanism is represented is crucial in the understanding of communities’ perception of the volcanic phenomena. In this contribution, 129 modern (2021-2023) depictions of volcanoes in Colombia between latitudes 0.82 and 5.96° N are described and classified into different contexts of use. Prehispanic depictions of volcanism are investigated in rock art sites (3 pictographs and 33 petroglyphs), and 15 distinct mythical narratives compiled and confirmed through interviews in the State of Nariño. We suggest that many of the rock art sites contain motifs that are reminiscent of the idea of volcanism, and that many of the folk tales include allusions to the volcanic concept. By collating the information contained in modern and older depictions, a link is established with the reality of the volcanic phenomena that shows how mutualism takes root between communities and volcanoes. The beneficial aspects derived from this relationship influence the perception of volcanic hazards in the region.pp.86-16

Intertwining volcanoes and society in Chile through arts and interdisciplinary connections

The conceptual distance between nature and society has been a concern within social sciences and interdisciplinary debates. We contribute to this discussion illustrating how arts have played an important role in demonstrating the entanglement of Earth and society through their ability to frame and shape the dynamics of the Earth across sensations. Through an examination of artistic representations in Chile, we seek to show how the proximity of Chilean society to the presence of volcanoes has been eloquently conveyed through various artistic styles across different historical epochs. Our study extends from the birth of the Chilean nation in 1818 to the year 2021, and examines a wide range of artistic representations, that encompass national symbols, image-making techniques, sculpture, art installations, poetry, music, and audiovisual works. Our research represents a pioneering effort to explore the diverse representations of volcanoes in Chile and has uncovered a remarkable diversity of artistic expressions that reflects the deep connection between Chilean society and volcanic processes and landscapes. Ever-present and often breathtaking, volcanoes have served as enduring symbols of national identity and as sources of inspiration for artists of diverse disciplines and aesthetic sensibilities. We illustrate how the arts reveal the relationship between volcanoes and social life and provide the basis for a detailed analysis that explores the temporal and spatial contexts in the representation of volcanoes and the human perception of geological phenomena in Chilean culture.pp.271-29

Evaluation of secondary effects after the January 18, 2021, Mw 6.5 earthquake in San Juan, Argentina : Determination of the seismic intensity through the ESI-2007 scale

This study focuses on evaluating the numerous secondary effects, such as mass wasting and soil liquefaction, caused by the Mw 6.5 earthquake that occurred on January 18, 2021, in the province of San Juan, Argentina. The epicenter was located on the eastern flank of the Las Osamentas range. Although it caused significant damage to buildings and cultivated areas, there were no fatalities. The aim is to identify and describe these secondary effects and determine the seismic intensity of the event using the INQUA’s (International Union for Quaternary Research) 2007 ESI (Environmental Seismic Intensity) scale. Field assessments were conducted shortly after the earthquake, documenting liquefaction and mass wasting structures through direct observations, digital photographs, GPS (Global Positioning System) localization, and data inventory, among other methods. This procedure validates a protocol for future applications in estimating seismic intensities for sparsely populated areas. Additionally, the study seeks to confirm the scientific and cultural importance of these ephemeral structures as assets that could be protected, therefore contributing to regional development.pp.518-53

Living in-between : Implications of local risk perceptions for the management of future eruptions at the Calbuco and Osorno volcanoes (Ensenada, Chile)

Since the perceptions of communities at risk play a central role in managing future emergencies, contingency plans must consider the appropriate involvement of the perspectives of exposed populations. This article addresses the case of Ensenada (Puerto Varas, Chile), a settlement located in the area of direct influence of the Calbuco and Osorno volcanoes. They respectively rank 2nd and 8th in the list of highest-threat Chilean volcanoes. Here we depict the multiple risk perceptions of the inhabitants of Ensenada and the integration of human perceptions into volcanic emergency management through qualitative research, based on semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis. Our results illustrate that Ensenada represents a settlement critically exposed to multiple hazards from both volcanoes, intertwined with a series of social conditions that influence individuals’ self-perception as vulnerable to future eruptions and, simultaneously, as capable of acquiring conditions to strengthen disaster preparedness. Moreover, the locals are eager to participate in future emergency management planning and adopt preventive attitudes at community, household, and individual levels. Based on these results, we highlight the advantages of a better understanding of the causes of perceived risk and its integration into emergency management strategies for future eruptions, in order to visualise how people make sense of daily life and disaster preparedness in the midst of active volcanoes.pp.63-8