PREDICTION OF DENSITIES BASED ON SCARCE TRAFFIC FLOW INFORMATION

Traffic fluctuations are always evident in highways or urban arterial networks that consist of some signalized or unsignalized intersections. Traffic conditions may change as a result of changes in peak timing flows, miscellaneous incidents, variable weather etc. A constant challenge of traffic engineers and professional peoplethat are closely related to traffic control and management remains the identification of parts in which the traffic situation changes and the provision of information about traffic parameters. Prediction of density parameter in short time intervals is important in lots of traffic modelling and control strategies of freeways and urban arterials. For more, the possession of short time density values for particular parts of the freeway segment, plays an importation role on providing drivers with information about events or traffic incidents. Not always the traffic flow amounts are possible to be measured in any part of the segment we are interested in. Thus maycome due to the lack of detector coverage or detecting defects even if it exists. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First is the development of a discrete model so called Cell Transmission Model (CTM) [1,2] that is analogue with approximation of the LWR hydrodynamic model of traffic flow. The second one is the integration of the Kalman Filter [3] to the mentioned model, in order to increase the accuracy of the modeled traffic densities. A Kalman filter (KF) is a recursive algorithm that uses only the previous time-step’s prediction with the current measurement in order to make an estimate for the current state. KF does not require previous data to be stored or reprocessed with new measurements. At everyiteration, the KF minimizes the variance of the estimation error, making it an optimal estimator if linear and Gaussian conditions are satisfied. In order to highlight the difference between accuracies of the predictions of the densitiesobtained by pure CTM model and by application of the Kalman Filter on it, a short highway segment with simple composition is chosen as object of study. The segment comprises of a ramp and the number o lanes are the same during its entire length

COMPETITIVENESS OF RAIL FREIGHT CORRIDORS – CASE STUDY: CORRIDORS X AND IV

After almost 30 years since the first declaration of corridor network of Europe and the same amount of time spent on investments in its development with goal of creating single european transport market, it seems like the era of competitiveness of some of the corridors has begun. The term of corridor competitveness, its significance, factors of competitiveness and comparative analisys of factors for TEN-T Corridors X and IV have been reviewed in this paper. Also, paper reviews methods of evaluation of corridor competitiveness which have been used in other author’s work, followed by the method of comparative analisys. As main factors of competitiveness of these two corridors in this moment, this paper specialy marks the length of corridor, travel time - commercial speed of the train, waiting time at border crossings, level of access charges and usage of corridor capacity

USING FUZZY MULTI CRITERIA DECISION MAKING APPROACH FOR THE EVALUATION OF EFFICIENCY OF FREIGHT RAIL OPERATORS

The state railway deficit is enormous, and the issue of the efficiency of railway companies has become a reality in economic and political debates. Permanent rail deficits also indicate that the overcapacity in the entire industry, with the lack of efficiency of railways under the state administration, could be the main reason for the insufficient or negative return of invested capital. In times when there is a large public debt in the entire world, the state has a natural interest in adapting railway companies and making the capital allocated to them profitable. It is therefore of particular importance to restructure the railways and develop their competitive capabilities. The European Union is embarking on a comprehensive process of restructuring and commercialization of railway transport, which enables the reaffirmation and improvement of the quality of railway services and the efficiency of railways.The main objective of the European policy of rail transport is the development of a single railway area. The opening of railway sector to market competition imposes that railway undertakings behave like any other modern enterprises in other markets and in other industries. It means, they must constantly develop and maintain competitive advantages, and be better than others. In today\u27s very intense competition conditions this is the most difficult to achieve. The railway undertakings are challenged to find optimal solutions to operate efficiently and effectively, in order not only to survive on the transport market, but alsoto develop and maintain a competitive advantage. A wide range of criteria can be studied when it comes to the efficiency of railway undertakings. In most cases there are several criteria that are often mutually conflicting. The aim of this study is to define and evaluate the criteria that influence the efficiency of railway undertakings and increasing of their competitive ability and to propose a model for the evaluation of the effectiveness and efficiency of railway undertakings in order to increase the competitive ability. To solve the problem of indicators selection, it was experimented with one of the most used methods for making decisions today - Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process(FAHP)

WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND REVERSE LOGISTICS OF TEŠANJ

The modern society is based on tested strategies in all spheres of its existence. We are living in a quite turbulent and rushing society. Those strategies are reflected in everything, among which we include the strategy of waste management systems which make the society profitable and sustainable. Talking and mentioning waste management is something relative new and it\u27s got popular the last few years in our society on the Balkans. Adequate waste management represents one of the major challenges that all urban environments are facing. We have seen the results that the western countries have done on this field, so the focus now is on the Balkan countries. It is necessary to manage this system in a way that will provide additional values, enable selective separation and recycling. Unfortunately, in this region this is rare, or a small percentage of waste is recycled. Our region is heading towards the EU integration, and one of the field that must and needs to be improved is the field of environment. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to analyze the current situation in waste management systems and greenlogistics in the municipality of Tešanj. The municipality of Tešanj is one of the most developed municipalities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. More than 45 000 people are living on the territory of municipality of Tešanj, and more than 12 000 of them are working on the territory. The purpose of this work is to show how a small municipality in B&H is dealing with the waste management. The residents are part of the interest group, which in deed has a lot it\u27s of influence on the efficiency of this system, so the emphasis in this research is precisely on that group. The age of the people who attended the survey was from the age of 15 to 60+. The process of gathering data was done selectively through a survey that was organized online. Some of the media sites from Tešanj gave their help to gather the data including one radio station. The analysis of the collected data confirmed that a large number of citizens take care of their waste, and have information how much it is important to take care about their waste. but also that there are certain problems which are reflected due to the absence of infrastructure, as well as the improvement of cooperation between the citizens and the utility company „RAD“ d.d. Tešanj with the municipality Tešanj as the local intermediator authority. The purpose at the end was to show how all residents in the municipality of Tešanj can and need to take care in their local community about the waste management, and if only one resident engage itself it can lead that more and more people engage, and in the end this leads to a safer and cleaner environment

MANAGMENT OF CANINE TRANSMISSIBLE VENEREAL TUMOR, RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF FIVE CASES

Tumors are the most common fatal disorders observed in animals. Nearly 16 to 24% of dogs deaths are associated with tumors. For many years, the surgical excision of tumors in animals was the only treatment technique. Canine transmissible venereal tumor (TVT), also known as transmissible venereal sarcoma and Stricker\u27s sarcoma, is a naturally occurring, horizontally transmitted infectious histiocytic tumor of dogs usually spread by coitus, but it may also be spread by licking, biting and sniffing tumoraffected areas. It has been observed occasionally in other canids, such as foxes, coyotes and jackals. It has also been known as infectious sarcoma, venereal granuloma, canine condyloma, transmissible sarcoma and transmissible lymphosarcoma. One of the goal of this study was to examinethe method of treatment that is most effective

CYCLISTS’ REAL PERCEPTION OF ROAD AND TRAFFIC CONDITIONS: THE ESTIMATION OF BICYCLE LEVEL OF SERVICE MODEL

Understanding how to perceive the risk of riding based on real perceptions of cyclists is crucially important for promoting cycling as a sustainable form of transport. Previous researcheshave mainly used video simulations to survey riders about their riding behaviours and to gauge their perceptions about safety and their comfort level.Thus, the objective of this study is to identify the factors that significantly affect the comfort perception of the cyclists and to create a new Bicycle Level of Service model for urban street segments based on real perceptions of cyclists. This is especially the case for urban street segments in cities carrying heterogeneous traffic and without distinct segments of bicycle paths. The present paper describes, various operational and physical factors along with user perception data sets were collected from 13 road segments in the city of Pristina. For the estimation of a mathematical model for the Bicycle Level of Service, a linear regression model was used. Regression analyses are used in order to explain a dependent variable based on the relationship between a set of independent variables. Each of the data sets were entered one at a time into the statistical analysis package SPSS and the regression model was modified throughout the process by inserting all possible variables, running the regression and then examining the t-statistic for each of the variables. The resulting BLOS model has shown a high reliability for its applications in the urban street segments and has reported a high correlation coefficient (R) of 0.758 andsmall statistical error. Incorporating outputs of the regression model, a predictive equation is presented that can identify under what level a segment is offering services for bicycle use. This paperwork can serve the planners when developing urban planning to consider the need for creating the infrastructure for cyclists and safety conditions for accommodating cyclists in the urban road network