Towards implementation of an IoT analysis system for buildings environmental data and workplace well-being with an IoT open software

With the aim of investigating the effect of climate on the heating in buildings and human productivity, the data of thermal sensors distributed at rooms and buildings level were sent to an implemented analytic system. This latter integrated an Internet of Things (IoT) open source software. Our challenge is to analyze the aggregated data. Therefore, statistical methods were applied to study the relationship between climate and environmental parameters of the HFT University buildings in the city Stuttgart (Germany) during 2016. Moreover, we studied the effect of indoor temperature on the thermal sensation at the same location. To optimize the result, this study was limited to workdays and cold season

A Continuous, Semi-Automated Workflow: From 3D City Models with Geometric Optimization and CFD Simulations to Visualization of Wind in an Urban Environment

The concept and implementation of Smart Cities is an important approach to improve decision making as well as quality of life of the growing urban population. An essential part of this is the presentation of data from different sources within a digital city model. Wind flow at building scale has a strong impact on many health and energy issues in a city. For the analysis of urban wind, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has become an established tool, but requires specialist knowledge to prepare the geometric input during a time-consuming process. Results are available only as predefined selections of pictures or videos. In this article, a continuous, semi-automated workflow is presented, which ❶ speeds-up the preparation of CFD simulation models using a largely automated geometry optimization; and ❷ enables web-based interactive exploration of urban wind simulations to a large and diverse audience, including experts and layman. Results are evaluated based on a case study using a part of a district in Stuttgart in terms of: ➀ time saving of the CFD model preparation workflow (85% faster than the manual method), ➁ response time measurements of different data formats within the Smart City platform (3D Tiles loaded 30% faster than geoJSON using the same data representations) and ➂ protocols (3DPS provided much higher flexibility than static and 3D container API), as well as ➃ subjective user experience analysis of various visualization schemes of urban wind. Time saving for the model optimization may, however, vary depending on the data quality and the extent of the study area

3D SAFE ROUTING NAVIGATION APPLICATION FOR PEDESTRIANS AND CYCLISTS BASED ON OPEN SOURCE TOOLS

Abstract. The recent advancement in Information & Communication Technology (ICT) is seen as a critical enabler to design intelligent smart cities targeting different domains. One such domain is modes of transport in a city. Currently, various cities around the world are envisioning innovative ways to reduce emissions in the cities by increasing physically active mobility. However, there is still limited information about the safety of cyclists and pedestrians within city limits. To address this, we develop a 3D web-based safe routing tool called Vision Zero. Our concept prototype used Augsburg city, Germany, as a case study. The implementation is based on open-source tools. In the back-end, the OGC 3D Portrayal Service standard helps to deliver and integrate various 2D and 3D geospatial contents on a web-based client using CesiumJS. The OGC SensorThings API (STAPI) standard is used to manage historical and real-time open road-incident data from the Federal Statistical Office of Germany. The navigation system is built up based on the routing engine pgRouting, which calculates the safest route based on the mentioned STAPI server and the road-network dataset from OpenStreetMap

Parallel axiomatizations of weighted and multiweighted Shapley values, random order values, and the Harsanyi set

New axiomatic characterizations of five classes of TU-values, the classes of the weighted, positively weighted, and multiweighted Shapley values, random order values, and the Harsanyi set are presented. Between all these well-known classes exists a real subset relationship. We combine axiomatizations of all individual classes into a single theorem or corollary for all classes at once. Thereby, the axiomatizations of two neighboring classes within a theorem or corollary differ by only one axiom, which is also known as parallel axiomatization or characterization. This gives us a deeper insight into the relationships between the classes. In conjunction with marginality, a new relaxation of mutual dependence (Nowak and Radzik, Games Econ Behav 8(2):389–405,1995), called coalitional differential dependence, is the key that allows us to dispense with additivity. Additionally, we propose new axiomatizations of the above five classes, in which different versions of monotonicity, associated with strong monotonicity, are decisive. Relaxations of superweak sign symmetry (Casajus, Econ Lett 176:75–78, 2019) allow the enlargement of solution classes to go hand in hand with the weakening of the changing axiom while the other axioms remain the same for all class axiomatizations

Axiomatizations of the proportional Shapley value

We present new axiomatic characterizations of the proportional Shapley value, a weighted TU-value with the worths of the singletons as weights. The presented characterizations are proportional counterparts to the famous characterizations of the Shapley value by Shapley (Contributions to the theory of games, vol. 2. Princeton University Press, Princeton, pp 307–317, 1953b) and Young (Cost allocation: methods, principles, applications. North Holland Publishing Co, 1985a). We introduce two new axioms, called proportionality and player splitting, respectively. Each of them makes a main difference between the proportional Shapley value and the Shapley value. If the standalone worths are plausible weights, the proportional Shapley value is a convincing alternative to the Shapley value, for example in cost allocation. Especially, the player splitting property, which states that players’ payoffs do not change if another player splits into two new players who have the same impact to the game as the original player, justifies the use of the proportional Shapley value in many economic situations

FOLLOW-E2 - Energiesparende funktionelle Beschichtungen von Polymermaterialien für die Folienarchitektur : Schlussbericht

Gegenstand des Vorhabens war die Veredelung von transparenten Polymerfolien für den Einsatz im Architekturbereich mittels Vakuumbeschichtungsverfahren und Lackierung. Dadurch sollen Energieeffizienz, Sonnenschutz und thermischer Komfort von folienbasierten Bauwerken verbessert werden. Im vorherigen Vorhaben, Follow-e, wurden transparente funktionelle Polymerfolien durch Vakuumbeschichtungsverfahren veredelt. Die empfindliche funktionelle Schicht muss in einem zweiten Veredelungsschritt durch das Aufbringen eines Schutzlacks vor Korrosion und Abrieb geschützt werden. Dies geschah in Follow-e mit Schwerpunkt auf low-e beschichtete Folien. Die Weiterverarbeitung der beschichteten Folie zum Kissen war einer der Schwerpunkte des jetzigen Vorhabens Follow-e2. Die Betrachtung dieser Aspekte ist für einen erfolgreichen Markteintritt der funktionell beschichteten Folien unerlässlich. Außerdem war es in diesem Vorhaben von hoher Priorität, realistische Tests zu bestimmen und durchzuführen, die zeigen sollten, dass die Beschichtung eine geforderte Langzeitstabilität aufweist. Ebenso konnten weitere Anwendungsoptionen, die über die low-e Funktion hinausgehen, wie z.B. eine Sonnenschutzfunktion als Überhitzungsschutz untersucht werden, um schließlich ein Produktportfolio für verschiedene Gebäudetypen, Nutzungsszenarien und Klimazonen zu generieren