FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT FINANCIAL AUTONOMY: ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE FEDERATION VERSUS ATTORNEY GENERAL OF ABIA STATE & 35 ORS (2024)

The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 (as amended) serves as the foundational legal framework for governance in Nigeria, delineating the structure and functions of government at various tiers. General Background: Recent Supreme Court rulings concerning local government autonomy have intensified debates about the nature of Nigeria’s federal structure, particularly regarding whether it constitutes a two-tier or three-tier system. Specific Background: This article critically examines the constitutional provisions that govern local government administration and the legislative authority of State Houses of Assembly, focusing on the implications for Nigeria's federal architecture. Knowledge Gap: While existing literature has addressed aspects of Nigeria’s federalism, there remains limited analysis of the constitutional recognition of local government as a third tier and its dependence on state legislatures. Aims: The objective of this study is to elucidate whether the Nigerian Constitution endorses a two-tier or three-tier federal structure and to assess the implications of recent judicial decisions on local government autonomy. Results: The findings indicate that the Constitution acknowledges a three-tier federal system, with local government councils—despite being the closest to the grassroots—remaining under the legislative control of the states. Novelty: This research contributes to the discourse on Nigerian federalism by highlighting the unique characteristics of local governance within the constitutional framework. Implications: It is recommended that the 1999 Constitution be amended to establish local governments as a fully independent third tier, eliminating their reliance on state governments, thereby enhancing local governance and accountability

ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF LEGAL SUPPORT FOR EMPLOYMENT IN UZBEKISTAN

This study examines the employment sector in Uzbekistan within the framework of the country's new development strategy for 2022-2026, focusing on job creation, social protection, and legislative enhancements. Drawing upon legislative frameworks such as the laws "On Employment" and "On Private Employment Agency," and recent enactments including the Labor Code and the Law on External Labor Migration, the study investigates the modernization efforts within Uzbekistan's labor market. Additionally, the study explores the impact of minimum wages on employment through a meta-analysis of data from emerging economies, providing insights into the employment dynamics in Uzbekistan. Through the analysis of Presidential Decree No. UP-5052, measures to fortify workforce rights and enhance employment-related activities are scrutinized, offering a comprehensive overview of Uzbekistan's endeavors to advance its labor sector

WAYS TO IMPROVE THE MANAGEMENT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCIAL BANKS

In the article, the elements of capital of commercial banks, regulatory requirements for their adequacy are revealed based on econometric analysis. The state of capital of commercial banks is analyzed and practical proposals are made to improve the efficiency of income-generating assets

ISSUES OF QUALIFICATION OF THE CRIME OF MURDER OR THREATENING OF VIOLENCE AND DIFFERENTIATION FROM SIMILAR CRIMES

This article explores the complexities surrounding the crime of killing or intimidation involving violence, aiming to differentiate it from analogous offenses. General Background: The prevalence of violent crimes necessitates a nuanced understanding of their classifications within legal frameworks. Specific Background: Scholars have expressed divergent views on the qualification of homicide and intimidation, prompting a closer examination of existing literature and legal definitions. Knowledge Gap: Despite significant discourse, there remains a lack of consensus regarding the parameters that distinguish these crimes from related violent acts, particularly in terms of preparation, execution, and attempted offenses. Aims: This study seeks to clarify the distinctions between murder, intimidation, and other violent crimes, offering a comprehensive scientific analysis of their characteristics and legal implications. Results: Through critical analysis of theoretical perspectives and legal interpretations, the findings reveal specific elements that delineate homicide and intimidation from other violent actions, particularly in terms of intent and methodology. Novelty: The article introduces a refined classification framework, integrating insights from criminology and legal studies to address the identified knowledge gap. Implications: The conclusions drawn from this analysis not only enhance the understanding of violent crime classification but also provide practical implications for legal practitioners and policymakers, fostering improved strategies for crime prevention and prosecution. This contribution underscores the importance of precise legal terminology in effectively addressing and mitigating violence in society

ANALYSIS OF WHETHER CIVIL PROCEDURE RULES OF COURT ARE SUPERIOR TO THE LAW ESTABLISHING SUCH COURT: A CASE FOR THE REVIEW OF TARABA STATE AREA COURTS EDICT 1988 AND THE AREA COURTS (CIVIL PROCEDURE) RULES 1971

Civil Procedure Rules are made out of the powers conferred on the enacting Judicial Officer usually the Chief of the State to make practice and procedure for administration of justice in Courts within such state. It is an exercise of powers derived from the principal law. The principal law is the foundation while the procedure or practice is built on the foundation. The principal law is superior and should have overriding effect over the procedural law if both comes in conflict on an issue regarding administration of justice and procedure in Courts. This article aim to query and ascertain the propriety or otherwise of civil procedure rules of a court being interpreted to be superior to the law which established such court or interpreted to mean that until powers of the Chief Judge to make recent civil procedure is activated, the literal meaning of the words of the establishing law will not be superior to extant civil procedure rules. The article adopts the doctrinal methodology with particular reliance on sections of the Taraba State Area Courts Edict 1988 and the Area Courts (Civil Procedure) Rules 1971. It consulted secondary sources related to the topic. The article found that the Taraba State Area Courts Edict 1988 and the Area Courts (Civil Procedure) Rules 1971 predates the creation of Taraba State and do not represent a 21st century legal framework for administration of justice in the state. It recommended that the Taraba State House of Assembly amend the Area Courts Law while the Chief Judge should urgently issue a new Area Courts (Civil Procedure) Rules for the State

ASPECTS RELATED TO CONDUCT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT

This article covers aspects of environmental audit, ensuring environmental safety, reducing anthropogenic impact on the environment, eliminating environmental problems, and sustainable development of the country's econom

WAYS TO INCREASE THE COMPETITIVENESS OF NATIONAL PRODUCTION IN THE PROCESS OF FOREIGN TRADE LIBERALIZATION

This article analyzes the main economic factor affecting the country's competitiveness - foreign trade. The main goal of the article is to explain the effect of trade liberalization and increasing the competitiveness of national production on increasing the competitiveness of the economy, strengthening the position of Uzbekistan in foreign trade, as well as the promotion of economic growth, the provision of further improvement of the welfare of the people, and the origin of international competitiveness, the connection between international trade and the competitiveness of the econom

THE POWER OF INTEREST AND PROFITABILITY RATES IN FINANCIAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT

This comprehensive article explores the pivotal role of interest and profitability rates in shaping financial market development. Focusing on the interplay between these rates and market behavior, the essay examines their influence on investment decisions, economic stability, and overall market performance. Drawing on insights from financial theory, empirical research, and real-world examples, the article elucidates the complex dynamics underlying the relationship between interest rates, profitability, and financial market growth. With a nuanced analysis of various financial intermediaries, debt markets, and channels for fund transfer, the article provides valuable insights into the mechanisms driving financial market developmen

THE POSITION OF THE PROSECUTORS OFFICE OF UZBEKISTAN AND TURKEY IN THE SYSTEM OF STATE STATUS

General Background: The role of prosecutor's offices is pivotal in maintaining the rule of law and upholding justice within the framework of state power. Specific Background: This article examines the distinct functions and structures of the prosecutor's offices in Turkey and Uzbekistan, highlighting their contributions to the legal system and governance in both countries. Knowledge Gap: Despite the importance of these institutions, there is a lack of comparative legal studies that explore their operational differences and similarities, particularly between Turkey and Uzbekistan. Aims: This study aims to provide a comprehensive legal analysis of the prosecutor's offices in both nations while identifying best practices from Turkey that could be adapted to enhance the effectiveness of Uzbekistan's prosecutorial system. Results: The findings reveal significant structural and functional differences between the two countries' prosecutor's offices, particularly in their approach to accountability, oversight, and public engagement. Additionally, the study identifies several best practices from Turkey that could improve the efficiency and transparency of Uzbekistan's prosecutor's office. Novelty: This research contributes to the field by offering a unique comparative perspective on the prosecutor's offices of Turkey and Uzbekistan, emphasizing practical reform strategies. Implications: The insights gained from this analysis have significant implications for policymakers and legal practitioners in Uzbekistan, suggesting that the adaptation of successful Turkish practices could lead to a more robust and accountable prosecutorial framework, ultimately strengthening the rule of law and public trust in the justice system

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF FORMING THE PROFIT OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY

The article presents the content of commercial banks' profit in the digital economy, the importance of its formation, and the analysis of influencing factors. Conclusions and suggestions on increasing the profit of commercial banks are also given in the wor