Role of Sports in Modulating Blood Parameters among Undergraduate Allied Health Students in Tripura

Regular engagement in sports is known to influence hematological and immunological responses, yet sex-specific effects among undergraduate allied health students remain underexplored. This study investigated the impact of sports participation on blood parameters and leukocyte distribution in male and female undergraduate allied health students in Tripura. A total of 88 students (44 boys, 44 girls) were assessed for anthropometric, physiological, and hematological parameters before and after participation in sports activity. Packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb), total red blood cell (TRBC) count, Total leukocyte count (TLC), and Differential leukocyte count (DLC) were estimated. Data were expressed as mean ± SE and analyzed using paired t-tests, with significance set at p < 0.05. Boys exhibited greater height, body mass, and aerobic performance compared to girls. Post sports activity, RBC counts increased significantly in both sexes, with a higher percentage rise in boys (3.15 ± 0.55%) than girls (2.75 ± 0.40%). Girls demonstrated significant increases in Hb and hematocrit, while boys showed stable Hb levels. WBC counts rose in both groups, more prominently in girls (+43.75%), indicating a stronger stress-induced leukocytosis. Subtype analysis revealed greater lymphocyte mobilization in girls, whereas boys displayed stronger neutrophil responses. Eosinophil and monocyte percentages declined in both groups. Sports participation induces significant hematological and immunological changes in allied health students, with clear sex-specific patterns. While boys exhibited stronger erythrocyte and neutrophil responses, girls showed greater lymphocyte, hematocrit, and hemoglobin adaptations. These findings highlight the role of sports in modulating blood parameters and support its integration into student health promotion strategies

The Concept of Karma Across Different Hindu Philosophical Schools: An Epistemological Bridge to Contemporary Ethics

This paper argues that karma, as understood across different Hindu philosophical schools, functions as an epistemological bridge between ancient wisdom traditions and contemporary ethical discourse. While previous scholarship has focused on historical development or specific school interpretations, this review demonstrates how the systematic examination of karma across Mimamsa, Samkhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisheshika, and Vedanta reveals a sophisticated framework for understanding moral causation that addresses contemporary challenges in ethics, psychology, and environmental philosophy. By analyzing primary texts and synthesizing diverse interpretations, this paper establishes karma not merely as a religious doctrine but as a robust philosophical principle that offers unique insights for modern ethical theory, particularly regarding the temporal dimensions of moral responsibility and the integration of individual agency within systemic causation

A Review on Biological Potential of Gmelina in Traditional Therapeutic Aspects

Gmelina arborea Roxb (Family: Verbenaceae) is a beautiful fast growing tree distributed chiefly in South-East Asia and tropical Africa. As medicine it has been used in Ayurveda since ancient times in ulcer, diarrhoea, thirst, anaemia, leprosy, vaginal discharges, piles, fever and varieties of ailments. Till now a large number of phytoconstituents have been isolated from Gmelina arborea (Gambhari), which include lignans, flavanoids, coumarins, steroids, terpenes, fatty acids and iridoid glycosides. Various in vitro and in vivo experimental studies indicated that it possesses anti-oxidant, anti- microbial, diuretic, cardio-protective, anthelmintic, anti-ulcer, anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory, anti-pyretic and analgesic activities. Hence it appears to be a promising herbal candidate to undergo further exploration. In the present review an attempt had been made to explore the different aspects of Gambhari

Innovative Strategies to Pelvic Trauma Pain Management: A Systematic Narrative Review of Pharmacological, Regional, and Multidisciplinary Advances

The unique anatomy and associated effects of pelvic trauma, which frequently arises from high-energy traumatic events like falls or vehicle collisions, make pain management extremely challenging. Although its efficiency, traditional opioid-based analgesia has disadvantages like tolerance, reliance, and respiratory impairment. With emphasis on pharmacologic advancements, regional anesthesia, minimally invasive techniques, and multidisciplinary approaches, this systematic review illustrates recent developments in pelvic trauma pain management. Non-opioid medicines which include gabapentinoids, acetaminophen, and NSAIDs are becoming significant components of multimodal analgesia. While strengthening pain management, adjuncts such as intravenous lidocaine and ketamine reduce the usage of opioids. For prolonged local analgesia, liposomal bupivacaine along with additional targeted methods of administration are available. Sacral nerve blocks, fascia iliaca, and lumbar plexus are a few regional treatments that successfully alleviate pain at specific sites. In instances where medication fails to benefit the patient, minimally-invasive techniques including spinal cord stimulation (SCS), peripheral nerve stimulation, and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) show promise. Nowadays, the standard of excellence is an integrated approach which involves pharmacologic, interventional, psychological, and rehabilitative ways. nevertheless, challenges which includes insufficient funding, disparate procedures, and insufficient guidance prevent broad adoption. To enhance the results of pelvic trauma care, future initiatives should give special focus to standardization, long-term evaluation, and equal access to these innovative therapies

Review on Diagnosis, Treatment and Medication for Dysmenorrhea for Young to Old Age Women

Dysmenorrhea, commonly known as menstrual pain, is a prevalent condition affecting a significant portion of women during their reproductive years. It is typically categorized into two types: primary and secondary. Primary dysmenorrhea is characterized by menstrual pain in the absence of underlying gynecological disorders, while secondary dysmenorrhea is caused by identifiable conditions such as endometriosis or fibroids. The pathophysiology of dysmenorrhea involves complex interactions between hormonal, inflammatory, and neurological factors, with prostaglandin production being a key contributor to uterine contractions and pain. The severity of symptoms can range from mild discomfort to debilitating pain, significantly impacting daily activities, quality of life, and mental health. Treatment options include pharmacological interventions such as NSAIDs, hormonal therapies, and non-pharmacological approaches like physical therapy, acupuncture, and lifestyle modifications. However, management strategies often depend on the underlying cause, particularly in secondary dysmenorrhea. Despite the high prevalence, many women do not seek medical help, which highlights the need for increased awareness and better access to care. This review explores the current understanding of dysmenorrhea’s etiology, diagnostic approach, and various treatment modalities, aiming to provide an overview of the condition and suggest areas for future research and improvement in patient care

Red Bull Energy Drink: A Comprehensive Analysis of Physiological Effects, Behavioral Patterns, and Psychological Impacts

This paper presents a multi-disciplinary analysis of Red Bull energy drink, examining its physiological, psychological, and behavioral effects through the lens of multiple theoretical frameworks. Using an integrated mixed-methods approach combining neurochemical analysis, psychophysiological assessment, and a large-scale survey (n=2,450) with experimental validation, we investigate Red Bull\u27s efficacy as both a mood enhancer and energy booster. Our findings reveal significant short-term improvements in alertness, concentration, and psychological well-being (p<0.001), alongside evidence of neuroadaptation processes that facilitate dependency-like behaviors in a substantial subset of consumers. Utilizing theoretical models from cognitive neuroscience, behavioral economics, psychoneuroendocrinology, and addiction science, we elucidate the complex mechanisms through which Red Bull\u27s constituents—primarily caffeine, taurine, B-vitamins, and sugars—modulate neurotransmitter systems and metabolic processes. Advanced statistical modeling including structural equation modeling and network analysis demonstrates that consumption patterns form distinct clusters associated with specific psychological profiles and neurobiological vulnerabilities. The paper synthesizes these findings into a comprehensive theoretical model that accounts for both the acute benefits and potential long-term concerns associated with regular consumption, with implications for regulatory policy, public health interventions, and clinical practice

Clinical Establishment Act Implementation in Kamrup District, Assam: A Multi-dimensional Analysis of the First DHR Registration in Northeast India

Background: The Clinical Establishment Act (CEA) of 2010 represents a critical regulatory mechanism to standardize healthcare delivery across India, yet implementation has been inconsistent nationwide. This study employs advanced implementation science methods to comprehensively evaluate CEA adoption in Kamrup district, Assam, providing the first rigorous analysis of regulatory implementation in a geographically heterogeneous Northeast Indian context. Methods: We conducted a mixed-methods quasi-experimental implementation study with an interrupted time-series design (June 2023-February 2025). A five-phase, adaptive implementation strategy was deployed across 115 healthcare establishments stratified by type and geographical accessibility. Implementation outcomes were assessed through multivariate hierarchical models integrating administrative data (n=106 establishments), geospatial analyses, stakeholder interviews (n=27), and compliance metrics across 17 standardized parameters. Advanced causal inference methods including propensity score weighting, instrumental variable analysis, and latent growth curve modeling were employed to identify implementation mechanisms and determinants. Brief Results: Kamrup district achieved 66.1% registration completion (76/115 eligible establishments; 95% CI: 57.3-74.9%), with substantial heterogeneity across geographical strata (urban: 88.2% vs. difficult-to-reach rural: 20.0%; adjusted odds ratio=7.35, 95% CI: 2.64-20.47, p<0.001). Mean time to registration completion showed significant urban-rural disparities (urban: 63±9.8 days vs. rural: 92±14.3 days, p<0.001). Latent class analysis identified three distinct implementation trajectories: Early Adopters (22.6%), Pragmatic Responders (53.0%), and Implementation Resistors (24.3%), differentially associated with organizational characteristics (χ²=37.6, p<0.001). Mediation analyses revealed that administrative-clinical integration accounted for 47.3% (95% CI: 36.8-57.9%) of the effect of leadership engagement on implementation success. Geospatial regression modeling demonstrated significant spatial autocorrelation in implementation outcomes (Moran\u27s I=0.62, p<0.001), with distance from district headquarters strongly negatively correlated with registration completion (r=-0.78, p<0.001). Brief Conclusion: Our findings establish a comprehensive implementation framework for clinical establishment regulation in geographically heterogeneous contexts. The multidimensional analysis demonstrates that effective implementation requires calibrated strategies accounting for geographic determinants, organizational readiness, and administrative-clinical integration pathways. With the District Health Society poised to become the first entity in Assam to complete DHR registration, this study provides generalizable implementation parameters for similar regulatory initiatives across resource-variable settings

Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer Doses on Growth and Yield of Wheat Crop (Triticum aestivum) in Northeast Agro Ecology of Afghanistan

A field experiment was conducted at the agriculture farm of Kunduz University during the fall season of 2023 to evaluate the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of wheat crop in the northeast agro ecology of Afghanistan. The study included five treatments: control, 160 kg N/ha+80 kg P2O5/ha+10 tons of poultry manure/ha, 80 kg N/ha+40 kg P2O5/ha+5 tons of poultry manure and 160 kg N/ha+80 kg P2O5+10 tons of poultry manure. Results indicated that the combination of 160 kg N/ha + 80 kg P2O5/ha+10 tons of poultry manure yielded the highest plant height (107.08 cm), leaf area index (3.02), dry matter accumulation (372.81 g/plant), spike length (16.51 cm), spikes per square meter (343.67), spikelet\u27s per spike (21.40), grains per spike (53.62), 1000-grain weight (57.73 g), grain yield (4.20 tons/ha), straw yield (6.38 tons/ha), biological yield (10.39 tons/ha), harvest index (44.61%), gross return (101,165 AFN/ha), net return (60,740 AFN/ha) and benefit cost ratio (1.73). The control plot exhibited the lowest growth, yield and economic performance. Treatment revealed the detrimental effects of inadequate fertilization underscoring the necessity for nutrient management in wheat cultivation. The results advocate for integrated nutrient management practices that leverage both organic and inorganic fertilizers to optimize agricultural productivity sustainably. These findings provide valuable insights for farmers and agricultural policymakers in Afghanistan emphasizing the need to adopt balanced fertilization techniques to enhance food security and economic stability in the region. Future research should focus on long-term effects and the sustainability of these practices to ensure continued agricultural success

Linguistic and Statistical Analysis of Audio Texts

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the phonetic, morphological, and syntactic features of Uzbek audio texts based on linguostatistical analysis. The study integrates modern information and communication technologies, particularly natural language processing (NLP), speech technologies, and corpus linguistics methods. The article scientifically examines phonetic analysis (elision, assimilation, coarticulation), morphological modeling (word forms, affixes), and syntactic structures (asyndetic sentences, introductory words) conducted on audio texts. The Praat software was used for experimental analysis, while the uzbekcorpus.uz platform was utilized for statistical modeling. Based on the research results, practical recommendations are provided for creating automatic transcription, machine translation, ASR, and NLP systems for the Uzbek language. This article contributes to new scientific directions within the framework of integrating linguistics and artificial intelligence

Stature Estimation from Femur and Humerus Bone Using Radiographic Images in Eastern Uttar Pradesh

This study developed region-specific regression models for stature estimation using femur and humerus measurements from CT scans of 300 individuals (150 males, 150 females) from Eastern Uttar Pradesh, a demographically diverse region, with ethical approval obtained. MS Excel, descriptive statistics, regression, and correlation analysis were used for the analysis. The findings suggested strong correlations between bone length and stature, with femur length being more predictive for females and humerus length for males. The proposed models demonstrated high accuracy and predictive power (high R² values), emphasizing the importance of population-specific approaches in forensic anthropology. These findings will continue to provide a reliable database for stature estimation in forensic and anthropological contexts, with potential for broader application in future studies incorporating larger samples and additional variables