Las Ciencias de la Administración y el Análisis Multivariante: Proyectos de Investigación, Análisis y Discusión de los Resultados. Tomo II: Las Técnicas Interdependientes

With greater capabilities and availability of computing resources today, multivariate analysis is now featured in various software applications, increasing its use across multiple disciplines such as Administrative Sciences. Some of the most widely used models in academic and professional fields worldwide include Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, by IBM), Analytics, Business Intelligence and Data Management (SAS, by SAS Institute and/or World Programming), Statistica (by STATISTICA), and the R language (open-source software), to name a few. It is not surprising that Administrative Sciences support academic development in various postgraduate programs as well as in the professional realm related to Social Sciences. Consequently, there is a growing trend in the presentation of reports, articles, book chapters, or books that discuss various theoretical-empirical aspects and their interpretation based on these software applications. In our case, we have adopted IBM's SPSS 20 for developing the topics in this book. Based on the above, we present the work: Administrative Sciences and Multivariate Analysis under the approach of Interdependent Techniques. Research Projects, Analysis, and Discussion of Results. Volume II, with the recommendation to have previously read the first three chapters of Volume I. The main objectives are: To present a document that serves both those familiar and unfamiliar with the topic, who need to understand the concepts discussed in this volume and manipulate the various commands offered by IBM's SPSS 20 regarding the problem cases presented as examples. For better comprehension of the treatment of cases, the sequence proposed by Hair et al. (1999) of the six steps: objectives, design, assumptions, execution, interpretation, and validation, is used as the framework for presenting and solving these cases. As the Coordinator of the Doctorate in Administrative Sciences at the Centro Universitario de Ciencias Económico Administrativas (CUCEA) of the University of Guadalajara (UdG), to present the base book for the course Quantitative Methods I and II. The author hopes to contribute to the reader's acquisition of knowledge that can be applied in the practical world and aid in its theoretical interpretation. If not, it is hoped that at least it serves as another useful step towards achieving their academic and/or professional formation.Al tener mayores capacidades y disponibilidad de los recursos de cómputo, hoy en  día, hace que el análisis multivariante se presente en varias aplicaciones de software por lo que se incrementan las posibilidades de ser usado en diversas disciplinas como las Ciencias de la Administración, siendo el Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, de IBM), el Analytics, Business Intelligence and Data Management (SAS, de SAS Institute y/o de World Programming), Statistica (de STATISTICA), el lenguaje R (software libre) sólo po rmencionaralgunoscomodelos más utilizados en los campos académico y profesional a nivel mundial. Así que, no es de extrañar que las Ciencias de la Administración apoyen el desarrollo académico presentándose en diversos posgrados, así como en el mundo laboral que corresponde a las Ciencias Sociales y por lo tanto, se observe de manera creciente un repunte en la presentación de reportes, artículos, capítulos de libro o libros que discutan diversos aspectos teórico empíricos y su interpretación basados en dichas aplicaciones de software. En nuestro caso, adoptamos SPSS 20 de IBM, para el desarrollo de los temas de este libro. Basados en lo anterior, presentamos la obra: Las Ciencias de la Administración y el Análisis Multivariante bajo el enfoque de las Técnicas Interdependientes. Proyectos de Investigación, Análisis y Discusión de Resultados. Tomo II y con la recomendación de haber leído previamente los 3 primeros capítulos del Tomo I, tiene como principales objetivos, el presentar: 1.-Presentar un documento que sirva a propios y extraños al tema, que tengan la necesidad de conocer tanto los conceptos tratados en este tomo, como el de manipular los diversos comandos que ofrece SPSS 20 de IBM al respecto de los casos problema, presentados como ejemplo. 2.-Para una mayor comprensión del tratamiento de los casos, se expone la secuencia propuesta por Hair et al. (1999) de los 6 pasos: objetivos, diseño, supuestos, ejecución, interpretación y validación, como el eje de presentación y resolución de dichos caso. 3.-Como Coordinador del Doctorado en Ciencias de la Administración del Centro Universitario de Ciencias Económico Administrativas (CUCEA), de la Universidad de Guadalajara (UdG), presentar el libro base para la asignatura de Métodos Cuantitativos I y II. Es deseo del autor, contribuir en el lector en la adquisición de conocimiento que se aplique en el mundo práctico y que ayude a su interpretación teórica. Si no fuere el caso, se espera que al menos sirva como otro peldaño útil a escalar en el logro de su formación académica y/o profesional

Gestión del Conocimiento, Innovación Abierta y Marketing Electrónico y Negocios Electrónicos: Como Factores Clave del Desarrollo del Sector de Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación

Knowledge Management, Open Innovation and e-Marketing & e-business as Key Factors of Development of Information and Communication Technology Sector, is aimed to compile a selection of papers published during the period of 2015-2016 & 2017 by profes- sors of the Phd Management Sciences, of the University of Guadalajara, to show how is proposed the design of their interaction and what were the first meaningful findings for the information and com- munication technologies sector located in Jalisco, Mexico. For instance, the first article where the information and communication technologies is the principal source of producing new and innovative forms of teaching-learning process, the research is aimed to unveil an empirical model for mobile learning and their determi- nants factors. This research applied a documentary study to select the variables with specialists in m-Learning using Analytic Hierarchy Process (ahp) determining the final Factors: Technology (T); Con- tents & Teaching-Learning Management (c&tlm); Teacher Student Rol (tsr); and 60 Variables. The study was applied on: 20 teachers and 800 students both participating in social sciences courses, from 7 Universities located at Metropolitan Zone of Guadalajara, México (umzg) during the period 2013-2014.The data of the questionnaires, were analyzed by structural equations modeling (sem), using eqs 6.1 software. The final results suggest reinforce 9 variables to improve the interaction with mL model at umzg. The second study tell us how the Innovation is a key factor to in- crease the competitive advantage for business. When the Innovation is improved by the Knowledge Management, it does in the Firms ba- sed on the sense of information: for, from and about the customers and is called: Customer Knowledge Management. So, the aim of this study is to solve: which are the latent factors between Innovation and Customer Knowledge Management relationship? To achieve it, a questionnaire was designed and applied to the 500 Chief Execu- tive Officers from the Small & Media Enterprises Software Sector in Guadalajara, Mexico, that are part of the value chain, involving:  designers, manufacturers and suppliers. The study applied the Struc- tural Equations Model as a quantitative method to discover the un- derlying relationships amongst the most relevant variables between Innovation on Customer Knowledge Management, as: Driver of In- novation; Support; other Sources of Knowledge, Satisfaction, Expe- rience and Performance with a total of 15 indicators. The third project, shows how the Knowledge Management (km) in Innovation process (innov), is a powerful engine that drives the company towards competitiveness (insead, 2014; wef, 2014); howe- ver, many small and media enterprises (smes) in México, ignore it. So, the aim of the present study is to discover the key factors of km that are involved in the innov, prevailing in the field of software sector smes in Guadalajara (ssg), Mexico. This research is based on a documental study about km and how is related as driver on the innov; to achieve this, it was designed a questionnaire divided in two parts: the first one, corresponding to km that involved (5) factors: km Leadership (kmld); km Capture and Acquisition (kmca); km Training and Mentoring (kmtm); km Policies and Strategies (kmps); km Communications and Rewards (kmcr) with 23 total indicators as variables. The second one, innov that involved (6) factors: In- novation Value Added (ivadd); Innovation Input Items (iiit); In- novation Process (inproc); Innovation Output Items (ioit); Inno- vation Performance (iperf) and Innovation Feedback (ifeed) with 39 total indicators as variables. It was designed a questionnaire (62 variables), as a measurement instrument based on Likert Scale (1to 5 interval) in order to determine the degree of agreement with well Cronbach’s Alpha confidence (0.8432). It proceeded to do a survey to the total 200 ceos belonging to the smes from ssg. The results were analyzed using Structural Equations Modeling (sem) to find validity and reliability of the structure to discover by the system equations, the underlying variables and their interrelationships. Finally, it was found most representative km variables to drive the innov, were: kmca (0.9095); kmcr (0.8845); kmtm (0.8815); kmld (0.8780); kmps (0.8235). Finally were solved the (5) hypotheses fin- ding the relationship between the km factors and innov have signi- ficant positive effects. The originality and value of this research lied in the design of a construct that identify the underlying km factors and variables sized according an exploratory and multi-correlational study to drive the innov. All the factors and variables were collec- ted from the principal theories about both subjects and jointed in a solid set by sem to find their respective correlations. The practical implications shall serve to the ssg to identify what variables and fac- tors from km, are able to drive the innov and get a better place for competitiveness. The fourth work describes how at the beginning of the xxi cen- tury, several authors affirm that open business models (obm) enable an organization to be more effective in creating as well as capturing value and are a prerequisite for successful co-development partner- ships. As a result of both trends, the rising development costs and shorter product/service lifecycles, companies are finding it increa- singly difficult to justify investments in innovation. The obm solve both trends, underscoring the terms: “industry ecosystem” and/or “collaborative business model”. Not only it changes the innovation process but it also modifies organizations themselves by reconfigu- ring value chains and networks. For the firms, it creates a heuristic logic, based on the current business model and technology to extend them with strategy, to the development of innovation to create value and increasing revenues and profits. It emphasizes the external com- munities with governance as valuable resources with several roles that promote corporate competitiveness. So, for a specialized sector with high technology such as the information technologies sector of metropolitan zone of Guadalajara (itsmzg), it was posed the next research question: Which are the determinant factors of the obm as an empirical model to be applied at the itsmzg? This was a do- cumentary study to select the main variables among specialists in itsmzg practicing the obm process using analytic hierarchy process (ahp) and Delphi’s Panel to contrast the academic terms with the specialist experience. It’s a descriptive, exploratory, correlational, cross-sectional, qualitative-quantitative study to obtain a final ques- tionnaire in Likert scale, with reliability tested through a pilot survey (Cronbach’s Alpha>0.75), applied during Jan. 2015-May 2016 to the total population asked: 600 specialists of itsmzg (150 it teachers and 150 representatives of consulting firms as “consultant part”; 290 it sme ceo and 10 it le ceo as the “decision-making part”, since 1 year in the market, 80% with bachelor degree, 20% with postgrad, 20% women and 80% men). It was designed a first-order structural equation modeling (sem) as a confirmatory factor analysis (cfa) te- chnique, using the eqs 6.1 software to analyze the obm underlying variables, to determine a final empirical model. The result is an em- pirical obm based on 5 main factors: business management bmg (10 variables/76 indicators), strategy (str, 3 variables/14 indicators), technology (tec, 3 variables/24 indicators), new entrepreneurships (nwe, 3 variables /7indicators) and open innovation orientation (oio, 3 variables/18 indicators), empirically proved for the itsmzg. Although the final empirical obm has a significant positive effect among its variables, also showed different levels of factor loadings, meaning opportunities to improve the model for the itsmzg. The fifth article is aimed to disclose an empirical model of Open Innovation (oin) in the Information Technologies Sector of Metro- politan Zone of Guadalajara, Mexico (itsmzg) to achieve a useful model to be used. The variables for the theoretical framework were determined using Delphi’s focus group panel and Analytic Hierarchy Process (ahp) obtaining academic and expert visions. The was a des- criptive, exploratory and a cross-sectional study, with a final Likert scale questionnaire, tested for reliability and validity with survey applied to 400 itsmzg specialists (Jan-2017-Jun-2017). The results of oin model were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (efa) by spss 20 ibm, obtaining 3 underlying variables: knowledge mana- gement (kmg), open business models (obm), innovation ecosystem (iec), with 26 dimensions/64 indicators. The sixth project is aimed to disclose how Digital Broadband (dbd) is affecting the practice of Open Innovation (oin) in the In- formation Technologies Sector of Metropolitan Zone of Guadala- jara, Mexico (itszmg) to achieve a model, for the improvement of relationships. It is a descriptive, exploratory, correlational, cross- sectional, qualitative-quantitative research. As a qualitative study, it is based on a deep literature review after which, it was used Delphi Panel with Analytic Hierarchy Process (ahp), determining the main factors: dbd (1 factor/ 6 variables/43 indicators) and oin (3 factors/23 variables/161 indicators) in a questionnaire Likert scale, involving 600 itszmg specialists at 200 smes. The survey was on the period of September-December 2016. As a quantitative study, it applied Con- firmatory Factor Analysis using eqs 6.2 software. The value of this study, is to propose a generalized model involving the relationship between dbd-oin for itszmg, and identify the underlying variables and their relationships to make suggestions about how to be more innovative, among the firms in the sector. The final results: 5/6 dbd variables have significant positive effect on 18/23 oin variables. This implies opportunities to develop the model. It was obtained an em- pirical model capable of identifying its own dbd-oin relationships in order to be, a more innovative firm in the itszmg. The seventh article shows how the Innovation (innov) process is considered as a driver to increase the competitiveness in the Digital Marketing (dm) sector; however, many firms ignore how their own dm resources and capabilities affect the innov process. So, through a dm-innov proposed conceptual model, the aim of this study is to determine which are the main factors of innov are affected from dm, in Guadalajara, México. The design is based on innov process model, construct published previously by Mejía-Trejo et al. (2014) and complemented with the dm model construct proposed here, with variables which are tested for validity and reliability through a pilot survey in order to get the final model. The study subjects were the most important customers of Monster Online (a mexican com- pany, specialized in dm) and analyzed by inferential statistics determi- ning the Cronbach’s Alpha reliability in a pilot test and multiple linear regression (mlr) based on Stepwise Method using spss 20 program. The methodology is proposed as a descriptive, exploratory, correlatio- nal and a transversal study, based on documentary research to obtain a final questionnaire using the Likert scale applied to the total popula- tion: 900 Monster’s Online relevant ceo clients. So, it proposed: For dm: Web integration (wbi); Web Experience (wbe); Web Strategy (wbs) and Technological Resources (trs) For innov process by Mejía-Trejo’s et al. (2014) conceptual model with: Innovation Value Added (ivadd); Innovation Income Items (iiit); Innovation Process (inproc); Innovation Performance (iperf); Innovation Feedback Items (ifeed); Innovation Outcome Items or Results of Innovation (ioit). The approach is based on the importance to relate the dm on innov process to determine their main factors that are affected and generate more innovation in the dm sector. This article is aimed to determine the main factors that drive the dm on innov process to get more, about this, by mean of original theoretical models as a product of the principal related theories about dm and innov process. The Value of the study, is to obtain a first settlement for a generalized model able to be applied in other sectors in Mexico. The results obtained, will allow measuring the level of correlation amongst the variables in study, and discover how the main factors of innov pro- cess are influenced for dm components. The eight article tell us how to build a construct relating the na- tional competitiveness model (ncm) with the proposition of digital marketing innovation model (dmim), for a digital campaign design. The methodology is based on a literature review using Delphi Panel with Analytic Hierarchy Process (ahp) among 200 (100 professors and 100 ceo) digital marketing specialists located at Guadalajara, Mexico. The results pointed out to a final questionnaire supporting a construct with 8 main variables of the ncm and 10 main variables involved into the dmim for a Digital Campaign Design. The ninth work, is aimed to propose a construct relating the na- tional competitiveness model (ncm) with our proposition of digital marketing innovation model (dmim) for a digital campaign design. The design is a final questionnaire in Likert scale, applied during Jan. Apr. 2017 to the total population: 200 specialists (100 professors/100 ceos) of digital marketing campaign designers in Guadalajara, México (called specialists). The methodology is based on a documentary research to determine the variables related into ncm-dmim. As a qualitative study, the variables obtained were analyzed by 10 specialists using Delphi Panel and Analytic Hierarchy Process (ahp). The results were two visions, among academics (professors) and the ex-perts (ceos) vision (called conceptual evidence) with different rates of importance and order of appearance of each determined variables of the ncm-dmim construct. As a quantitative study (the empirical evidence), we practiced correlation and multiple linear regression techniques to determine the most important variables and their rela- tionships in such construct. As a finding, it is the first settlement for a generalized model able to explain the variables involved in the  relationship between ncm-dmim construct. The research limitations: there are no previous models relating the main ncm-dmim variables. The social and practical implications are aimed to the marketing sec- tor recommending improvements of ncm-dmim relationships as a measuring tool. The originality is based on the empirical disclosing of the main ncm-dmim variables using an original theoretical model adapted to the context. Finally, the tenth project is aimed to determine a construct of electronic business (e-business) innovation (ebim). This study is based on a documentary research to determine the main variables of the ebim as academic vision and based on a focused group of e- Business experts using the Delphi Panel method and the Analytic Hierarchy Process we obtained the expert vision of the ebim, as a general conceptual model. Based on both visions it was obtained the 19 variables and 3 factors to be included in the final ebim proposal, which: 9/19 variables are according to the both visions, 6/19 are su- ggested by expert vision and 4/19 are suggested by academic vision. The conceptual ebim obtained has the potential to be used. Further studies regarding the ebim, are: an exploratory factor analysis to verify the grouping of such variables; a confirmatory factor analysis to disclose the underlying variables and factors relationships and a multiple linear regression to determine how is the correlation amongst these variables.  La Gestión del Conocimiento, la Innovación Abierta y el e-Marketing y e-Business como Factores Clave de Desarrollo del Sector de Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación, tiene como objetivo compilar una selección de artículos publicados durante el periodo de 2015-2016 y 2017 por profesores del Doctorado en Ciencias de la Administración de la Universidad de Guadalajara, para mostrar cómo se propone el diseño de su interacción y cuáles fueron los primeros hallazgos significativos para el sector de tecnologías de la información y comunicación ubicado en Jalisco, México. Por ejemplo, el primer artículo donde las tecnologías de la información y comunicación son la principal fuente de producción de nuevas e innovadoras formas de proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, la investigación tiene como objetivo desvelar un modelo empírico para el aprendizaje móvil y sus factores determinantes. Esta investigación aplicó un estudio documental para seleccionar las variables con especialistas en m-Learning utilizando el Proceso Analítico Jerárquico (ahp), determinando los factores finales: Tecnología (T); Contenidos y Gestión de Enseñanza-Aprendizaje (c&tlm); Rol Profesor Estudiante (tsr); y 60 variables. El estudio se aplicó a: 20 profesores y 800 estudiantes que participaron en cursos de ciencias sociales, de 7 universidades ubicadas en la Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara, México (umzg) durante el periodo 2013-2014. Los datos de los cuestionarios fueron analizados mediante modelado de ecuaciones estructurales (sem), utilizando el software eqs 6.1. Los resultados finales sugieren reforzar 9 variables para mejorar la interacción con el modelo mL en umzg. El segundo estudio nos muestra cómo la Innovación es un factor clave para aumentar la ventaja competitiva de las empresas. Cuando la Innovación se mejora mediante la Gestión del Conocimiento, lo hace en las Empresas basadas en el sentido de la información: para, desde y sobre los clientes, y se llama: Gestión del Conocimiento del Cliente. Así, el objetivo de este estudio es resolver: ¿cuáles son los factores latentes entre la relación Innovación y Gestión del Conocimiento del Cliente? Para lograrlo, se diseñó un cuestionario y se aplicó a los 500 Directores Ejecutivos de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas del Sector de Software en Guadalajara, México, que forman parte de la cadena de valor, involucrando: diseñadores, fabricantes y proveedores. El estudio aplicó el Modelo de Ecuaciones Estructurales como método cuantitativo para descubrir las relaciones subyacentes entre las variables más relevantes entre la Innovación en la Gestión del Conocimiento del Cliente, como: Impulsor de la Innovación; Soporte; otras Fuentes de Conocimiento, Satisfacción, Experiencia y Desempeño con un total de 15 indicadores. El tercer proyecto muestra cómo la Gestión del Conocimiento (km) en el proceso de Innovación (innov), es un motor potente que impulsa a la empresa hacia la competitividad; sin embargo, muchas pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes) en México, lo ignoran. Así, el objetivo del presente estudio es descubrir los factores clave de km que están involucrados en el innov, predominante en el sector de pymes de software en Guadalajara (ssg), México. Esta investigación se basa en un estudio documental sobre km y cómo está relacionado como impulsor en la innov; para lograr esto, se diseñó un cuestionario dividido en dos partes: la primera, correspondiente a km que involucraba (5) factores: Liderazgo km (kmld); Captura y Adquisición km (kmca); Capacitación y Mentoría km (kmtm); Políticas y Estrategias km (kmps); Comunicaciones y Recompensas km (kmcr) con 23 indicadores totales como variables. La segunda, innov que involucró (6) factores: Valor Agregado de Innovación (ivadd); Elementos de Entrada de Innovación (iiit); Proceso de Innovación (inproc); Elementos de Salida de Innovación (ioit); Rendimiento de Innovación (iperf) y Retroalimentación de Innovación (ifeed) con 39 indicadores totales como variables. Se diseñó un cuestionario (62 variables), como instrumento de medición basado en la Escala de Likert (intervalo de 1 a 5) para determinar el grado de acuerdo con la confianza de Alfa de Cronbach (0.8432). Se procedió a realizar una encuesta al total de 200 directores ejecutivos pertenecientes a las pymes de ssg. Los resultados fueron analizados utilizando el Modelado de Ecuaciones Estructurales (sem) para encontrar la validez y confiabilidad de la estructura para descubrir por las ecuaciones del sistema, las variables subyacentes y sus interrelaciones. Finalmente, se encontraron las variables km más representativas para impulsar el innov, fueron: kmca (0.9095); kmcr (0.8845); kmtm (0.8815); kmld (0.8780); kmps (0.8235). Finalmente se resolvieron las (5) hipótesis encontrando que la relación entre los factores km e innov tienen efectos positivos significativos. La originalidad y valor de esta investigación residían en el diseño de un constructo que identifica los factores subyacentes de km y variables dimensionadas de acuerdo con un estudio exploratorio y multicorrelacional para impulsar la innov. Todos los factores y variables se recopilaron a partir de las principales teorías sobre ambos temas y se unieron en un conjunto sólido mediante sem para encontrar sus respectivas correlaciones. Las implicaciones prácticas deberán servir para que ssg identifique qué variables y factores de km son capaces de impulsar la innovación y obtener un mejor lugar para la competitividad. El cuarto trabajo describe cómo a principios del siglo XXI, varios autores afirman que los modelos de negocio abiertos (obm) permiten a una organización ser más efectiva en la creación y captura de valor y son un requisito previo para asociaciones exitosas de co-desarrollo. Como resultado de ambas tendencias, el aumento de los costos de desarrollo y los ciclos de vida más cortos de los productos/servicios, las empresas están encontrando ca

Diagnóstico del Sector Agropecuario y Pesquero del Estado de Sonora: Problemáticas, Población Rural Afectada y Potencialidades

The realization of this research was made possible thanks to the support of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fisheries, and Food (SAGARPA) and the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Hydraulic Resources, Fisheries, and Aquaculture of the Government of the State of Sonora (SAGARHPA), which, through the State Technical Evaluation Committee (CTEE), an auxiliary instance of the Agricultural and Livestock Development Fund of the State of Sonora (FOFAES), financed the research. It is noteworthy that SAGARPA provided fundamental intervention through the operational structure of its Rural Development Districts throughout the state of Sonora. We thank Dr. Ramón Pacheco, General Director of CIAD, A.C., for the facilities provided to participate in the bidding for this research. Likewise, to the Coordinator of the Linkage area, Dr. Juan Pedro Camou, for his unconditional support. We also acknowledge the support provided by Dr. Sergio Sandoval Godoy, Coordinator of the Regional Development area and president of the Internal Scientific Editorial Committee of Publications of CIAD, A.C. It is worth mentioning that the study was made possible thanks to the active participation, in participatory workshops, of producers from the agricultural and fisheries sectors, as well as officials from SAGARPA from the coastal, high sierra, low sierra, and valleys regions. We appreciate the participation of researchers and academics, officials, representatives of productive chains, technicians, and producers for their participation in the forum on productive potentials of the state of Sonora. We thank the participation of Engineer Fernando Miranda Blanco, State Delegate of SAGARPA, Engineer Héctor Antonio Navarro Corella, Deputy Delegate of Planning and Rural Development of SAGARPA, Engineer Sergio Córdova Murrieta, Coordinator of the State Technical Evaluation Committee, for their comments and contributions to the document. It is of utmost importance to mention the contribution and recommendations of Engineer Héctor H. Ortiz Ciscomani, Secretary of Agriculture, Livestock, Hydraulic Resources, Fisheries, and Aquaculture, Lic. Rito Edel Castellanos, Liaison Advisor of SAGARHPA, Lic. Germán Bleizeffer Vega, Undersecretary of Agriculture of SAGARHPA, and other officials of the state administration who kindly participated in the progress meetings of the research. We highlight the enthusiastic participation of colleagues Lic. Aida Espinoza and M.C. Marisol Arvizu Armenta for their contribution to the design and editing of this book. Finally, we dedicate our effort to the producers of the agricultural, livestock, and fisheries sectors of the state of Sonora.La realización de la presente investigación fue posible gracias al apoyo de la Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentación (SAGARPA) y a la Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Recursos Hidráulicos, Pesca y Acuacultura del Gobierno del Estado de Sonora (SAGARHPA), que a través del Comité Técnico Estatal de Evaluación (CTEE), instancia auxiliar del Fondo de Fomento Agropecuario del Estado de Sonora (FOFAES), financiaron la investigación. Es de reconocer que SAGARPA brindó una fundamental intervención a través de la es- tructura operativa de sus Distritos de Desarrollo Rural a lo largo y ancho del estado de Sonora. Se agradece al Dr. Ramón Pacheco, Director General del CIAD, A. C., por las facilidades provistas para participar en la licitación de esta investigación. Asimismo, al Coordinador del área de Vinculación Dr. Juan Pedro Camou por su apoyo incondicional. Reconocemos también el respaldo brindado por el Dr. Sergio Sandoval Godoy, Coordinador del área de Desarrollo Regional y presidente del Comité Interno Cien- tífico Editorial de Publicaciones del CIAD, A. C. Cabe destacar que el estudio pudo llevarse a efecto gracias a la participación ac- tiva, en los talleres participativos, de productores del sector agropecuario y pesquero, así como de funcionarios de SAGARPA de las regiones costa, sierra alta, sierra baja y valles. Agradecemos la participación de investigadores y académicos, funcionarios, representantes de cadenas productivas, técnicos y productores por su participación en el foro de potencialidades productivas del estado de Sonora. Agradecemos la participación del Ing. Fernando Miranda Blanco, Delegado Es- tatal de la SAGARPA, al Ing. Héctor Antonio Navarro Corella, Subdelegado de Planeación y Desarrollo Rural de SAGARPA, al Ing. Sergio Córdova Murrieta, Coor dinador del Comité Técnico Estatal de Evaluación, por sus comentarios y aportes al documento. Es de suma importancia mencionar la contribución y las recomendaciones del Ing. Héctor H. Ortíz Ciscomani, Secretario de Agricultura, Ganadería, Recursos Hidráulicos, Pesca y Acuacultura, al Lic. Rito Edel Castellanos, Asesor de Enlace de la SAGARHPA, al Lic. Germán Bleizeffer Vega, Subsecretario de Agricultura de la SAGARHPA, y demás funcionarios de la administración estatal que amablemente par- ticiparon en las reuniones de avances de la investigación. Destacamos la participación entusiasta de las compañeras Lic. Aida Espinoza y M. C. Marisol Arvizu Armenta por su aporte en el diseño y la edición de este libro. Finalmente, dedicamos nuestro esfuerzo a los productores de los sectores agrícolas, pecuarios y pesqueros del estado de Sonora