Psychology research in women’s soccer : a scoping review

Previous research suggests that psychological factors play an important role in trying to explain and predict the participation, performance, and health of player and practitioners in soccer. However, most previous works have focused on specific research questions and included samples from male populations. As part of a larger Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) project aiming to steer women’s soccer research, our purpose with this scoping review was to give an overview of the current state of psychology-related research within women’s soccer. We searched five electronic databases up to April 2023, from which 280 original peer-reviewed articles met the inclusion criteria. Included records were inductively coded into 75 specific research topics and nine broader research categories. Population characteristics within each topic and category, and overall publication trends, were identified. The results revealed a growth in research attention, with notable increases in publication rates around the international competitions years, over the last two decades. While a notable number of abstracts did not report sufficient details about population age and/or playing levels, senior elite players were identified as the most common population studied. Most studies examined several topics from different research categories, with research focusing on emotions, moods and/or environmental factors, and the specific the topics of anxiety, stress, and coach behavior, receiving most research attention. Our study provides an informative mapping of all psychology-related research activity within women’s soccer, which will enhance researchers’ understanding of the current quantity of literature within this complex, heterogeneous, and growing area of research. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor &amp; Francis Group.</p

Total Wrist Arthroplasty With a New Design, 20 Cases With 8-Year Follow-Up

PURPOSE: Total wrist arthroplasty (TWA) is an established motion-preserving alternative to arthrodesis in the treatment of wrist arthritis, but post-TWA complications requiring additional surgery remain an issue. A new TWA design has been proposed. The purpose of this study was to report the outcome of a cohort study of 20 patients who underwent surgery using the new TWA design.METHODS: Patients were assessed before surgery and at 1, 2, and 8 years after surgery for visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores, wrist range of motion, hand grip strength, and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Radiographic examination was conducted for evidence of prosthetic loosening. Reasons for revision were analyzed.RESULTS: In total, 24 reoperations were performed, including 12 revisions in 6 patients. Patient-reported outcome measures improved significantly at the 2-year follow-up compared with preoperative values. Hand grip strength, wrist extension, and VAS pain scores improved significantly at the 2-year follow-up. No radiographic loosening of the components was observed, but backing out of the carpal screws was noted in 16 of the 20 cases.CONCLUSIONS: The new TWA resulted in improved VAS pain scores, PROMs, wrist extension, and hand grip strength. The high frequency of reoperation is a concern, and modification of the implant is needed.TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic IV.</p

The DSM Directive Five Years On

Over five years have passed since the adoption of the EU Directive on Copyright and Related Rights in the Digital Single Market (‘DSM Directive’). As its title suggests, by adopting this directive, the EU legislature intended to tackle and realize the digital dimension of the EU single market from a copyright and related rights perspective. Yet, looking at the resulting national transpositions, it is highly doubtful that such an objective might be considered achieved. Meanwhile, the Court of Justice of the European Union (‘CJEU’) has been already referred questions on the interpretation of relevant provisions of the directive, in light of doubts regarding the compatibility between these and national transpositions thereof (ONB and Others, C-575/23 (Belgium); Meta Platforms Ireland, C-797/23 (Italy); Streamz and Others, C-663/24 (Belgium)).The complexity of the situation is further increased by the adoption, after the DSM Directive, of horizontal legislation – including but not limited to the Digital Services Act (‘DSA’) – that, while not copyright-specific, also serve to construe relevant provisions of the directive and, insofar as the DSA in particular is concerned, be in a lex generalis to lex specialis relationship with, e.g., a key provision of directive like its Article 17. By focusing in particular on Articles 15 and 17 of the DSM Directive, as transposed into national law, this contribution reflects critically on the current state of EU copyright and considers what the future might hold for this area of EU law. It ultimately concludes that the approach to copyright harmonization is in need of serious rethinking, and so are the goals and the legislative instruments needed to in this regard.</p

Exploring the impact of wire core diameter on microstructure and joint properties in ultrasonic wire harness welding

The present study investigates ultrasonic metal welding to manufacture 10 mm2 copper (Cu) wire joints with different core diameters. The primary purpose of this study is to explore the influence of wire core diameter on the performance of ultrasonic welded joints. Wire core diameter is positively correlated with the peeling resistance of the joint. Superior mechanical properties of the joint are achieved with an increased diameter of the wire core. The peeling strength of the welded joint of two wires with a wire core diameter of 0.25 mm reaches 306.8 N. Examining the welding temperature and assessing the joint's porosity reveals a significant impact of temperature on porosity. However, relying solely on porosity as a criterion for judging the overall forming quality of joints may be insufficient. Scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray elemental analysis revealed that certain wires underwent plastic deformation at elevated temperatures without attaining atomic bonding. Additionally, the welded joint exhibits a compact structure externally and a more relaxed structure internally. The upper side of the joint in contact with the briquette and the lower side in contact with the welding head exhibit minimal gaps, while numerous gaps are evident in the middle of the joint. Furthermore, upon examining the fracture morphology, two distinct failure modes are identified at the joint surface of the conductor. The first involves the fracture of the wire core with a completely separated joint surface, resulting in poor mechanical properties of the joint. The second mode entails the ductile fracture of the wire core at the joint surface, indicating good mechanical properties of the joint.</p

Two types of heavy precipitation in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau

The southeastern Tibetan Plateau (SETP) is the preeminent summer heavy precipitation region within the Tibetan Plateau (TP). However, the large-scale circulation types and dynamics driving summer heavy precipitation in the SETP remain inadequately elucidated. Using the hierarchical clustering method, two distinctive atmospheric circulation patterns associated with heavy precipitation were identified: the Tibetan Plateau vortex type (TPVT, constituting 56.6% of the events) and the mid-latitude trough type (MLTT, 43.4%). A comprehensive examination of the two atmospheric circulation patterns reveals a clear nexus between the occurrences of summer heavy precipitation and positive vorticity anomalies, moisture convergence, as well as the southeastward displacement of the westerly jet core. Specifically, TPVT events are characterized by the eastward and dry-to-wet potential vorticity progression processes, while MLTT events are linked to the intrusion of a deep extratropical trough into the SETP. This study advances our understanding of the complex mechanisms governing the summer heavy precipitation in the SETP, shedding light on critical meteorological processes in the region. (c) 2024 Science China Press. Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science China Press. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies

Negative references to amicus briefs in judicial reasoning [Elektronisk resurs]

We argue that negative references to amicus curiae briefs in high court judgments - instances where a court explicitly signals disagreement with the legal arguments in such briefs - are a significant and understudied feature of judicial reasoning. We theorize that such references may provide courts with a tool for increasing the precision of its case law, fostering its legitimacy, and increasing compliance pressure. Our empirical analysis of the Court of Justice of the European Union indicates that negative references are used both to boost its legitimacy and to specify not only what the law is, but what it is not.</p

Infringing AI : Liability for AI-Generated Outputs under International, EU, and UK Copyright Law

The analysis of liability aspects facing Artificial Intelligence (‘AI’)-generated outputs under copyright and related rights has been overlooked compared to other issues connected to the development and use of AI. This study fills this gap by exploring pertinent questions under international, EU and UK law. Specifically, the study tackles actionable reproduction, allocation of liability, and availability of defences. The analysis ultimately shows that, while it is clear that each case will need to be decided on its own merits, the generative AI output phase raises several profiles of liability under copyright law. If the goal of policymakers and relevant stakeholders is to ensure the balanced and sustainable development of AI, then the issues related to the generation and dissemination of AI outputs need to be given ample attention and a greater role in the debate than what has been the case so far, whether it is in the context of risk assessment and compliance, licensing initiatives, or in contentious scenarios.</p

Commitment to Advance Excellence and Inclusion in the Earth and Space Sciences Scholarly Publications

Addressing global challenges and advancing knowledge in the Earth and space sciences requires an equitable, diverse, and inclusive scholarly community where researchers must be freely able to conduct, collaborate on, share, review, and discuss their research on important economic and societal topics such as climate change. The current Executive Orders in the United States focus on censoring research and researchers by banning specific words, removing access to data sets, or by restricting what type of research can be funded or published, therefore compromising the knowledge that researchers are able to produce. As Editors-in-Chief of AGU publications we stand by our mission to support the publication of evidence-based, rigorously vetted research without political pressure. Collectively, our peer-reviewed journals and books provide inclusive publication outlets for the global research community to advance Earth and space sciences and to strengthen the public's trust in scientific evidence.</p

Using agent-based social simulations to inform organ donation policymaking : adopting the Spanish approach in Sweden

Organ donation is a crucial aspect of healthcare, yet, the number of donors is insufficient to cover the demand for transplant procedures. In the European Union, around 15 people die each day waiting for a life-saving organ. National policies differ greatly among countries, but it is unclear how successful policies affect Deceased Organ Donation when introduced in other settings. This paper explores the use of Agent-Based Social Simulation (ABSS) to inform organ donation policymaking. It provides policy actors with a safe environment to investigate the consequences of different policy interventions without the risk of harming people. We present a simulation model of the Swedish organ donation system, where we can investigate the impact of Spain's policy approach, which has the highest DOD rates in Europe. The results highlight the potential of ABSS as a tool for evaluating policy interventions in complex healthcare systems, enabling policymakers to identify and evaluate strategies before implementation.</p