Analiza kvaliteta sirovina za proizvodnju keramike u Srbiji

Specifična svojstva gline kao sirovine određuju mogućnost primene u različitim vrstama keramičkih proizvoda. U ovom radu dat je prikaz različitih tipova sirovina iz Srbije, na osnovu hemijskog, mineraloškog sastava, kao i ponašanja tokom pečenja. Ispitivane gline se mogu podeliti na one pogodne za proizvodnju opekarskih proizvoda i tzv. fine keramike. Iz svake grupe glina prikazan je po jedan primer i dati su hemijski i mineraloški sastav, kao i ponašanje pri zagrevanju (pečenju). Posebna pažnja posvećena je uticaju nečistoća, kao što su karbonati, oksidi gvožđa i organski materijali, na finalne karakteristike gotovih proizvoda

Rheological and mechanical behaviour of self-compacting concrete using modified recycled concrete aggregate

Construction and demolition waste is increasingly used as a raw material in concrete manufacture which can assist in addressing environmental challenges associated with its disposal. In this study, recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) is used in Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC). As such, the work fills the gap in the literature by examining the influence of RCA impregnated with water glass solution on the physical and mechanical properties of fresh and hardened SCCs. Five different SCC mixtures are developed and tested. The replacement factor for RCA is 50 % (fractions II (4/8) and III (8/16)). Tests on hardened concrete reveal that the influence of water glass varies depending on the component it is coupled with, i.e., the combination with fly ash provides a maximal strength gain over 90 days, while the combination with silica fume gives low compressive strength during the entire testing period of 90 days

Green roofs – Legislation in the Republic of Serbia and Europe

The adoption of green roofs in the Republic of Serbia remains limited due to multiple barriers, including the absence of supportive legislation, lack of financial incentives, low public awareness, high initial costs, and ongoing maintenance requirements. In contrast, green roofs are increasingly integrated into urban planning globally, particularly in major cities where building regulations often mandate their inclusion. In Europe, green roofs have become a standard, with Germany leading the way through pioneering laws that encourage their installation on both new and existing structures. This paper examines international legislative frameworks to assess the potential for developing technical regulations to advance green roof implementation in Serbia

Assessment of the Drone Arm’s Plastic–Metal Joint Mechanical Resistance Following Natural and Artificial Aging of the 3D-Printed Plastic Component

As drone technologies advance, there is an increasing need for structural components that are lightweight, durable, and easily replaceable. Additive manufacturing (AM) with PLA offers a cost-effective solution to improve mechanical performance, especially when enhanced with embedded metal inserts. However, the long-term durability of PLA– metal joints under environmental aging conditions remains underexplored. This study evaluates the mechanical integrity of 3D-printed PLA drone arms produced with reduced infill density with embedded brass inserts. To replicate realistic service conditions, the samples underwent natural aging and five artificial aging protocols involving thermal cycling, humidity, UV/IR exposure, and freeze–thaw cycles. Mechanical performance was assessed through pull-out and tensile strength testing, supported by FTIR spectroscopy, colorimetric, wettability analysis, and finite element modeling. Notably, to our knowledge, wettability analysis has not previously been applied to this type of material, and metal–plastic contact zones have not been tested under such comprehensive aging protocols. Results showed a 70% reduction in pull-out strength under harsh conditions, though the joints remained functional. Numerical modeling confirmed that stress concentration begins on the inner side of the arm. With optimal print settings, the arm can support a 2.31 kg payload (20% confidence), while the metal inserts withstand up to 17.9 kg

Advancements in Soft Sensor Technologies for Quality Control in Process Manufacturing: A Review

Recently, Machine Learning has become a crucial tool for enhancing process quality control in manufacturing plants. However, real-time assessments are often challenging. Soft sensors, which can predict process quality indicators using machine learning, have gained significant attention since 2000 because of their advantages, such as process stability, reduced product rejection, and improved energy and fuel efficiency. Oil distillation, polymers, cement, and steel were the primary industries that developed soft sensors for quality indicators. Over time, more industries have adopted these models owing to the advantages previously mentioned. Machine learning algorithms for processing soft sensors have evolved from simple linear algorithms to complex deep learning models with neural networks, support vector machines, and tree-based models also being widely used. This paper summarizes the methodologies implemented in soft-sensor technology during this century. To this end, a comprehensive selection of articles from different processes using machine learning algorithms was analyzed and discussed. As data availability and computing power increase, deep learning algorithms will become the primary focus of soft sensor research, which will help lower energy consumption, enhance production rates, and reduce CO2 footprints

Izrada deklaracija proizvoda o zaštiti životne sredine (EPD) za građevinske proizvode od gline u skladu sa EN 15804

Deklaracije proizvoda o zaštiti životne sredine (Environmental Product Declarations- EPDs) za blokove od gline i crepove su od suštinske važnosti za postizanje održivosti u građevinskoj industriji. Ocenjivanje životnog ciklusa (Life Cycle Assessment-LCA) ovih proizvoda obuhvata sve faze njihovog životnog ciklusa, pružajući informacije o njihovom uticaju na životnu sredinu. Ispunjavanje zahteva i smernica standarda EN 15804, opštih programskih uputstava (General Programme Instructions-GPI) za Međunarodni EPD Sistem (International EPD System) i pravila za kategorizaciju proizvoda (Product Category Rules-PCR) za opekarske proizvode osigurava validnost i uporedivost EPD deklaracija. Upotrebom naprednih alata u specijalizovanom programu kao što je „One Click LCA“, deo platforme EPD Hub (Irska), unapređuje se proces kreiranja EPD deklaracija za građevinske proizvode od gline

Comparative analysis of concrete with Portland composite cements with reduced clinker content

The paper presents the results of experimental testing of concrete mixtures made with Portland composite cements with reduced clinker content (PC 50M). The aim of the study was to examine the justification for using this type of cement (defined by the document SDO 15 001:2021) in concretes commonly used in construction practice. The compressive strength reached values ranging from 48.0 to 55.8 MPa, while all other parameters: splitting tensile strength, water impermeability, frost resistance, and thermogravimetric analysis, also showed very good performance. The results support the use of this type of cement in the construction industry

Utilisation of recycled concrete powder as Supplementary Cementitious Material: Pathway to the Serbian technical assessment

Using a Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) as a strategy for reducing CO2 emissions, is widespread. A growing demand for SCMs has led to exploring new materials capable of reducing the environmental impact, such as recycled concrete powder (RCP), without significantly impairing the essential characteristics of cement. This paper presents the results of possibility of use the of RCP as SCM as well as the procedure for creating the Serbian technical assessment for this construction product. The possibility of utilization of RCP as SCM was assessed through the chemical composition, physical and mechanical characteristics. The results of the research showed that RCP can be used as SCM. Based on the results of the research, the preparation of the Serbian assessment document of this innovative product was initiated. This provided the possibility of making available this product on the Serbian market

Fire Simulation in the Garage

This article presents a fire simulation of a simple garage which is a template for learning fire simulation in garages. This model is used for academic purposes created in PyroSim Software with an academic license. First of all, the garage is drawn in AutoCAD 2D. After that geometry is imported into PyroSim as a 2D object. The 3D model was created in PyroSim. Boundary and initial conditions are declared for the developed model. Also, jet fans are modeled like HVAC elements with predefined flow. In the simulation, the five jet fans are used. The simulation time is 50 s. The results are shown as graphical results of smoke production, heat production, temperature, and velocity distribution. It could be concluded that jet fans work on the exhaust of the smoke

Comparative analysis of different glass types during the standard fire test

The paper investigates the fire resistance of three types of glass samples exposed to standard fire conditions. The tested samples were: thermal insulation glass (4 + 16 + 4 mm), single glazing with 8 mm thickness, and single glazing with 6 mm thickness. All three samples were placed in the standard furnace and tested simultaneously. The objective of this testing is to evaluate the possibility of replacing single glazing with thermal insulation glass (double glazing: 4 + 16 + 4 mm) in applications where single glazing is currently planned. The aim of the testing was to determine when all three samples would lose their integrity, i.e., when the last piece of glass would break. Installing thermal insulation glass in places where single-glazed windows are installed has higher heat loss in winter, as well as better comfort inside the rooms in summer. Some buildings are equipped with single-pane windows, which are installed with the intention of allowing rapid breakage during a fire to facilitate the extraction of smoke and heat. The glazing type relevant in this case is one that will lose its integrity within 15 minutes of testing. The results indicate that it is feasible to install thermal insulation glass (4 + 16 + 4 mm double glazing) as a replacement for single-glazed windows