A Study On Potential Drug Target For SARS-CoV-2-And Combinatorial Therapeutic Approach To Combat COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by (SARS-CoV-2) a threat, leading to numerous deaths and socioeconomic disruptions. Spurred intense research efforts effective treatment. Our study provides a brief overview COVID-19. Urgent need for effective treatments has prompted extensive research to identify potential drug targets against disease. Review shows most promising drug and their associated therapeutic approaches for combating COVID-19. Key targets include the spike protein, which facilitates viral entry into host cells, and proteases essential for viral replication. Additionally, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitors have been explored to inhibit viral RNA replication, highlighting their mechanisms of action, potential therapeutic benefits, and challenges in drug development. Host factors, such as the ACE2 receptor and immune response modulators, are also targeted. Combination therapies and overcoming challenges in the drug development are crucial for successful COVID-19 treatment. In this review the molecular docking study is discussed here. The future perspective of drug targets for COVID-19 encompasses a range of innovative approaches aimed at combating the virus and preparing for future outbreaks. The review also discusses the challenges faced and future directions in the field of drug target research for COVID-19. This review will provide an overview of the anticipated advancements in drug target discovery and development for COVID-19, highlighting key areas of focus and potential strategies

Formulation And Evaluation Of Ketoconazole And Minocycline Based Ointment For Combating Fungal And Bacterial Infection

Ketoconazole and Minocycline based ointment for Combating Fungal and bacterial infections. As the global burden of infectious diseases continues to rise, innovative therapeutic approaches are essential. The proposed based ointment offers a promising solution, capitalizing on the synergistic antimicrobial properties of ketoconazole and minocycline.The development process involves a comprehensive exploration of various pharmaceutical parameters, including formulation strategies, physicochemical characterization, stability assessment, and biopharmaceutical considerations. By integrating these components, this review provide potential overview of ketoconazole,minocycline based ointment as a versatile therapeutic option.Formulation Strategies the article discusses the formulation techniques used to create a stable and efficacious ointment, taking into account factors such as excipient selection, particle size, and compatibility of active ingredients.Physicochemical Characterization an in-depth analysis of the physical and chemical properties of the based ointment is presented, including particle size distribution, morphology, crystallinity, and drug release profiles.Stability assessment the long-term stability of the powder is critically evaluated, examining factors like moisture sensitivity, photostability, and shelf-life considerations, ensuring its suitability for clinical use.Biopharmaceutical Considerationsthe pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of ketoconazole and minocycline in the ointment formulation are discussed, highlighting their bioavailability and potential drug-drug interactions.Antimicrobial Efficacy the antimicrobial activity of the powder against fungal and bacterial pathogens is assessed, shedding light on its potential as a broad-spectrum therapeutic agent.clinical relevance: The article explores the clinical implications of this novel formulation, including its applicability in treating various infectious diseases and potential to minimize drug resistance.Future perspectives a forward-looking perspective discusses the future directions and challenges in the development of ointment for infectious diseases, emphasizing the need for further research and clinical trials. &nbsp

Exploring the Versatility of Topical Gels: - An Overview

Topical gels represent semi-solid formulations characterized by a phase of matter existence that is fluid encased within A three-dimensional structure made of polymers, typically consisting of synthetic or natural gums with substantial cross-linking, achieved either chemically or physically. Their unique composition enables diverse applications owing to their intermediate state between liquid and solid phases. In recent times, topical gels have garnered significant interest across various sectors, including industry, research, education, drug regulation, and professional fields. Special emphasis is placed on the utilization of gels in drug delivery systems; the discussion serves to provide insights into the versatility and involving landscape of topical gels, catering to the interests and needs of professionals and researchers in diverse domains

Evaluation Of Leadership Styles Of Management Leaders Using Enneagram Framework

Leadership is one of the processes which bring the responsibilities and collective environment in the organizations.  Especially in Small and Medium Enterprises(SMEs), where the interaction between leaders of management and staff should be dynamic and better workforce retention is possible through effective leadership.  Studies revealed leaders possess various forms of leadership styles. In the present study, Enneagraam framework is applied to assess the leadership styles of the leaders, i.e., management who leads the SMEs from select geographical locations.  The study is descriptive oriented and provide the interrelationship between leadership traits and the mean score of leaders on the basis of Enneagram framework

Products Recalled During The Covid 19 Era: A Comparison Of Materiovigilance In India And Usa

The healthcare system benefits from medical devices because they are instruments that can save lives. There are a number of negative effects that these devices have in addition to their therapeutic effects. To control such unfavourable impacts, a strong cohort vigilant system was required. Material caution had been developed as a result of this. Materiovigilance entails monitoring and analysing incidents that occur as a result of the use of medical technology. It not only controls AE but also brings about international harmony.In India, the post-marketing surveillance mechanism for medical devices is less strict than it is for drugs. Materiovigilance entails monitoring unfavourable outcomes brought on by medical devices after they have been marketed. Many nations, including India, have set up their own post-marketing monitoring systems in accordance with WHO guidelines. It is referred to as the Materiovigilance Programme of India in India. (MvPI).Strict monitoring of medical devices is necessary to stop the use of those that don\u27t reach the minimum standards for quality. If necessary, manufacturers or authorised representatives can also pull certain batches of medical devices off the market. Recall is the term used to describe any action taken by a medical device\u27s maker or supplier to remove or withdraw the device from the market or to retrieve the device from anyone to whom it has been given because the device poses a risk to health. A thorough understanding of adverse events related to medical devices will be provided by the comparative research of the materiovigilance programmes in India and the US. Along with existing regulations, adverse event reporting, and guidance materials, the post-market vigilance framework for medical devices was examined. In order to conduct a thorough research, data was collected from various search engines and combine

Teratogenic Effects of Potassium bromate On Drosophila melanogaster

In recent years, there has been growing concern about the toxic potential of substances consumed by humans. One such substance that has attracted attention is potassium bromate (KBrO3) used as a food additive, water disinfectant, and in pharmaceutical industries, has been extensively studied due to its detrimental impact on human health.  It could potentially cause serious teratogenic effects on embryonic development. Certain pharmacological and physiological characteristics of fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) are comparable to those of humans. So, to study the teratogenic potentials, different concentrations of KBrO3 (15mM to 30mM) were exposed to the egg to adult stages of fruit fly. This study assessed life-history parameters and revealed significant increases in larval and pupal mortality, extended developmental durations, smaller larval, pupal, and adult sizes, deformities in pupae and aberrant phenotype in adults, all in a concentration-dependent manner. The results showed that KBrO3  treatment (15mM to 30mM) increased the developmental time of egg to pupae (p < 0.0001) and egg to adult (p = 0.0017).  The viability rate of pupae (p < 0.0001); adults (p < 0.0001), the length (p< 0.0001) and width (p < 0.0001) of larvae and pupae decreased significantly as compared to the control group. These findings suggest that prenatal exposure to KBrO3 has clear teratogenic effects on fruit flies, indicating potential risks to human health if KBrO3 is used in any application

Assessment of Antibacterial and Antifungal Efficacy of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Psoralea Corylifolia Linn.

Endophytic fungi that inhabit host plants symbiotically and cause no harm to the host plants. In past few decades variants of endophytic fungi have been isolated and identified with medicinal properties finding wider application as bio-control agents, bio-fertilizer, bio-stimulant and natural products. In lieu of this, the present study aims to isolate, identify, and evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal activities of endophytic fungi obtained from Psoralea corylifolia Linn. Total 4 endophytic fungi were isolated from the root, stem and leaves of host plant that is Piriformospora indica, Alternaria alternate, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium citrinum. Antibacterial activity of three crude extracts including butanol, ethyl acetate, and methanol of different fungal endophytes was appraised against Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, and Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus and Antifungal efficacy of different crude extracts of fungal endophytes was also appraised against three pathogenic fungal strains including Aspergillus niger, A. fumigatus and Candida albicans. The result revealed that the maximum antibacterial efficacy was found in methanol extract of Piriformospora indica in the test organism bacillus subtilis that was 20.3±0.57 followed by ethyl acetate that was 18.66±0.57. The maximum antifungal activity was found in methanol extract of Alternaria alternate in the test organism Aspergillus niger that was 43.1 followed by Penicillium citrinum in the test organism Aspergillus fumigatus that was 42.8. More study will be done in future on exploration and exploitation of these microorganisms for pharmaceuticals applications and also used as a biocontrol agent. The present study is the first report on the investigation of antifungal and antibacterial properties of endophytic fungus that have been isolated from Psoralea corylifolia

Exploring Dehazing Methods For Remote Sensing Imagery: A Review

Remote sensing imagery plays a pivotal role in numerous applications, from environmental monitoring to disaster management. However, the occurrence of haze which is atmospheric often reduces the quality and interpretability of these images.  Atmospheric Haze reduces visibility of remote sensed images by reducing contrast and causing colour distortions.  Dehazing techniques are employed to improve the perceptibility and clarity affected images by haze. In this review, we delve into the realm of dehazing methods specifically tailored for remote sensing imagery, aiming to shed light on their efficacy and applicability. We focus on a comprehensive comparison of four prominent dehazing techniques: Histogram Equalization (HE), Light Channel Prior (LCP), Contrast Enhancement Filters (CEF), and Dark Channel Prior (DCP). These methods, representing a spectrum of approaches, are evaluated based on key quality metrics of images, including PSNR, MSE and SSIM

In silico analysis and Molecular docking studies of Eumelanin with Estrogen receptors – A comparative study

Eumelanin is a complex biopolymer that is ubiquitous in nature. Eumelanins are reported to exhibit extensive biochemical and functional properties. These properties attribute to the composition and structural organization of the molecules. Eumelanins are composed of Dihydroxy indole (DHI) and Dihydroxy indole 3 carboxylic acid (DHICA) units and their quinone forms. In spite of immense studies the structure of eumelanin is not completely elucidated. Molecular simulation studies had predicted oligomeric/tetrameric structure of eumelanin. Cephalopod ink eumelanins are used in treating several female reproductive disorders. Since estrogen receptors play a crucial role in female reproductive disorders, the present study aims at understanding the binding affinity of the predicted forms of eumelanin with estrogen receptors by docking and simulation analysis. It was observed that eumelanin has better binding affinity than other estrogen receptor ligands and the closed tetrameric structure of eumelanin showed  better binding affinity to estrogen receptor α than β

A Comprehensive Exploration of Oedipodinae Grasshoppers in the Nara Desert Ecosystem

This study explores the Orthoptera community in the Nara Desert, Sindh, focusing on Oedipodinae species: Hilethera aeolopoides, Aiolopus thalassinus thalassinus, Acrotylus humbertianus, Acrotylus longipes longipes, Sphingonotus rubescens rubescens, Sphingonotus savignyi, Locusta migratoria, and Oedaleus senegalensis. We assessed their population dynamics, including diversity, density, and reproductive success, using field and laboratory methods. Our results show considerable species variation S. savignyi had the highest reproductive success (Net Reproduction Rate Ro = 9.0) and largest population (27 individuals), while A. longipes longipes had the lowest reproductive rate (0.5 births per pair) and highest mortality (0.3 deaths per pair), resulting in the smallest population (5 individuals). Density varied, with L. migratoria being the least dense, and A. longipes longipes and O. senegalensis being the densest. Dominance and evenness analyses showed S.rubescens rubescens and H. aeolopoides as more ecologically influential, while A.longipes longipes and L.migratoria had higher evenness. These findings highlight the impact of reproductive efficiency and density on species abundance and ecological roles, offering key insights for conservation and management in the Nara Desert to preserve biodiversity and ecological balance