International Journal of Accounting, Finance, Auditing, Management and Economics - IJAFAME
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Executive Coaching In Morocco: Simple Trend Or A Really Impactful Process?
Nowadays, organizations present an environment leading people to greater competitiveness and individual performance in the workplace. In order to better serve its interests and objectives, business community use different forms of support of their managers, namely the executive coaching, object of our study. This approach is applied as a managers’ performance development strategy (Grant & Greene, 2004; Moën & Federici, 2012; Moën & Skaalvik, 2009).
Since the last 90’s, executive coaching is gaining progressive popularity in Morocco, thanks to the emergence of different coaching programs and institutions.
The aim of the present study is to highlight the main reasons explaining the resort to this strategy, and to bring valuable insights about its success factors and its impacts on managers’ performance.
Is executive coaching in Morocco just an observable trend or a real difference making process? Through semi-structured interviews, conducted with Moroccan coaches, coachees and a HR Manager, we will analysis this research question.Nowadays, organizations present an environment leading people to greater competitiveness and individual performance in the workplace. In order to better serve its interests and objectives, business community use different forms of support of their managers, namely the executive coaching, object of our study. This approach is applied as a managers’ performance development strategy (Grant & Greene, 2004; Moën & Federici, 2012; Moën & Skaalvik, 2009).
Since the last 90’s, executive coaching is gaining progressive popularity in Morocco, thanks to the emergence of different coaching programs and institutions.
The aim of the present study is to highlight the main reasons explaining the resort to this strategy, and to bring valuable insights about its success factors and its impacts on managers’ performance.
Is executive coaching in Morocco just an observable trend or a real difference making process? Through semi-structured interviews, conducted with Moroccan coaches, coachees and a HR Manager, we will analysis this research question
Vers une plus grande flexibilité du régime de change au Maroc : motivations et stratégie de transition
Economic history is marked by many events that revived the debate on the role of monetary policy and the exchange rate regime. The abandonment of national barriers, the interdependence of international financial markets, the repetition and contagion of financial crises, have led to a reconsideration of the choice of exchange rate regimes and the clarification of the arbitration they cover, Moreover, monetary authorities and economic policy makers have shown hesitation and distrust about the exchange rate regime to be adopted. The post Bretton-Woods era was marked by a rush for flexibility. Countries have now had the free choice to adopt the exchange rate regime best suited to their needs. Since then, this issue has not lost its timeliness and continues to be refreshed by new research perspectives. In Morocco, it is no longer a question of the choice between fixity or floating, but rather of the degree of fixity or flexibility to be retained, the current exchange rate regime is a fixed parity regime with the attachment of the dirham to a basket of currencies, mainly the euro (60%) and the dollar (40%), which has contributed to the establishment of a macroeconomic stability framework. It is in this perspective that the debate around Morocco’s transition to a floating exchange rate regime has resurfaced, the IMF says in this respect that. Together with structural reforms, this regime could help Morocco meet the challenges of competitiveness and likely contribute to boosting growth in the medium term.” Since 2013, Bank Al-Maghrib (BAM) has been working on the implementation of instruments (analysis and forecasting) enabling it to successfully transition to a more flexible exchange rate regime.
JEL Classification: F, F3, F31
Paper type: Theoretical research. L’histoire économique est marquée par de nombreux événements qui ont ravitaillé le débat sur le rôle de la politique monétaire et du régime de change. L’abandon des barrières nationales, l’interdépendance des marchés financiers internationaux, la répétition et la contagion des crises financières, ont conduit à reconsidérer le choix des régimes de change et à clarifier les arbitrages qu’ils recouvrent, d’ailleurs les autorités monétaires et les décideurs des politiques économiques ont montré une hésitation et une méfiance quant au régime de change à adopter. L’après Bretton-Woods a été marqué par une ruée vers la flexibilité. Les pays ont désormais eu le libre choix d’adopter le régime de change le mieux adapté à leurs besoins. Dès lors, cette problématique n’a pas perdu de son actualité et continue toujours d’être rafraichie par de nouvelles perspectives de recherche. Au Maroc, il ne s’agit plus du choix entre la fixité ou le flottement, mais plutôt du degré de fixité ou de flexibilité à retenir, le régime de change actuel est un régime de parité fixe avec rattachement du dirham à un panier de devises, principalement l’euro (60%) et le dollar (40%). Ce dernier a contribué dans l’instauration d’un cadre de stabilité macro-économique. C’est dans cette perspective que le débat autour du passage du Maroc à un régime de change flottant a refait surface, le FMI affirme à ce titre que « De pair avec les réformes structurelles, ce régime pourrait aider le Maroc à relever les défis de la compétitivité et vraisemblablement contribuer à doper la croissance à moyen terme ». Depuis 2013, Bank Al-Maghrib (BAM) planche sur la mise en place d’instruments (d’analyse et de prévisions) lui permettant de mener à bien la transition vers un régime de change plus flexible.
JEL : F, F3, F31
Type de l’article : Article théorique
L’impact du contrôle familial et des mécanismes internes de gouvernance sur la politique des dividendes : cas des sociétés cotées dans le marché boursier marocain
The purpose of this work is to examine the determinants of the dividend distribution policy, more particularly we will highlight the effect of the involvement of family shareholders in the company and the internal governance mechanisms on the dividend payment decisions of companies listed on the Moroccan stock exchange. To answer our research questions, we used a TOBIT model estimate based on a sample of 160 observations per year-listed company over the period 2015-2018. The results of this study indicate a negative relationship between family ownership and the dividend payout ratio. In addition, the presence of a family CEO has a negative effect on the level of dividend distributed. In contrast, we note that the use of control mechanisms by pyramid structures does not have a significant impact on dividend distribution. In terms of the effect of the characteristics of governance mechanisms on dividend payments, we find a positive association between the presence of a second institutional block holder and dividend distribution. We also find a negative relationship between the duality of the board of directors and the distribution of dividends, while the presence of independent directors on the board of directors has no significant impact on the distribution of dividends.
JEL Classification : D4, D53, G30.
Paper type: Empirical research.L'objectif de ce travail est d’examiner les déterminants de la politique de distributions de dividendes, plus particulièrement nous allons mettre en exergue l’effet de l’implication de l’actionnariat familial et les mécanismes internes de gouvernance sur les décisions de paiement de dividendes des sociétés cotées en bourse au Maroc. Pour répondre à nos questions de recherche nous avons utilisé une estimation à l’aide d’un modèle TOBIT portant sur échantillon composé 160 observations années-entreprises durant la période 2015-2018. Les résultats de cette étude montrent une relation négative entre la propriété familiale et le ratio de distribution de dividendes. En outre, la présence d’un PDG familial à un effet négatif sur le niveau de dividendes distribués. Par ailleurs, nous constatons que le recours à des mécanismes de contrôle par des structures pyramidales n’a pas d’impact significatif sur la distribution de dividendes. En termes de l’effet des mécanismes de gouvernance sur les paiements de dividendes, nous trouvons une association positive entre la présence d’un second détenteur de bloc institutionnel et la distribution de dividendes. On révèle également une relation négative entre la dualité du conseil d’administration et la distribution de dividendes, par ailleurs la présence des administrateurs indépendants au sein du conseil d'administration n’a pas d’impact significatif sur la distribution de dividendes.
Classification JEL : D4, D53, G30.
Type de l’article : Recherche appliquée
Les déterminants de l’acceptation des technologies de l’information de l’auditeur financier dans la productivité décisionnelle
New technologies are leading current companies towards new management styles. This context causes a profound change in the audit framework in order to control the financial resources of companies. A new conception of the role of the auditor is called for.
This article proposes a conceptual model based on a theoretical crossover in the context of financial audit in a computerized environment. This model proposes the determinants of the acceptance of information technology that promote the decision-making productivity of the financial auditor.Les nouvelles technologies mènent les entreprises actuelles vers de nouveaux styles de management. Ce contexte provoque un changement profond du cadre d’audit afin de contrôler les ressources financières des entreprises. Une nouvelle conception du rôle de l’auditeur s’impose.
Cet article vient proposer un modèle conceptuel basé sur un croisement théorique dans le cadre de l’audit financier dans un environnement informatisé. Ce modèle propose les déterminants de l’acceptation de la technologie de l’information qui favorisent la productivité décisionnelle de l’auditeur financier
Civisme fiscal : Comment peut-on instaurer un climat de confiance entre l’administration fiscale et le contribuable ?
a legitimate tax is a tax which requires careful attention to the political, sociological, legal and administrative conditions binding the individual and the state.
In addition, a fair tax is a tax that is applied to everyone and according to the contributory capacity of each. When we talk about the issue of exemptions, for example, this comes back to some and nothing else which shows that the principle of equality is not respected. This is how, that equity is a better way to carry out the justification of tax inequalities which may be legitimate.
one of the essential aspects of tax compliance with regard to taxpayers is to better understand their motivations for participating in the functioning of the tax system. That said, the tax administration has to offer a better service to meet the more specific needs of taxpayers.
In addition, it should be mentioned that we notice more and more the involvement of companies in environmental and social issues. These two elements can be an integral part of companies' strategies and policies in order to reconcile them with their economic objectives. Thus, integrating taxation into environmental, social and societal policies will call for tax optimization of the burdens borne by companies in the area of ethics. It is in this perspective that we will use concepts that have a close link with corporate citizenship, such as corporate social responsibility.
The purpose of this article is to tackle through a theoretical reflection on the different aspects of the impact of non-tax instruments, namely tax legitimacy, fairness, tax ethics as well as social behavior. managers, etc. on tax rules in general.L’impôt idéal est avant tout l’impôt qui est reconnu comme légitime par les contribuables. Cette question est au centre des relations qui se nouent entre l’individu et l’État, autrement dit du lien social. Il convient dans ce cas de prêter une attention particulière aux conditions politiques, sociologiques, juridiques et administratives de la légitimité fiscale dans la mesure où aucun pouvoir fiscal ne peut exister ou pérenniser sans pour autant garantir des aspects de légitimité en faveur du citoyen.
En outre, il apparait qu’un impôt équitable ne peut être considéré qu’un impôt applicable à certains et pas à d’autres. Autrement dit, le bénéfice de l’impôt, par le biais d’exonérations par exemple, revient à certains et pas d’autres. C’est pour autant qu’il serait opportun de déduire que le principe d’égalité des contribuables n’est pas respecté. C’est ainsi, que l’équité est une façon convenue, politiquement correcte, pour mener à bien la justification des inégalités fiscales qui peuvent être légitimes.
Dans ce même sens, l’un des aspects primordiaux du civisme fiscal au regard des contribuables est de mieux comprendre leurs motivations de participation au fonctionnement du système fiscal. Ceci dit, l’administration fiscale est amenée à offrir un meilleur service pour répondre aux besoins les plus spécifiques des contribuables.
De plus, il convient de mentionner qu’on remarque de plus en plus l’implication des entreprises sur des questions d’ordre environnemental ou social. Ces deux éléments peuvent faire partie intégrante dans les stratégies et politiques des entreprises afin de les concilier avec leurs objectifs économiques. Ainsi, intégrer la fiscalité dans les politiques environnementales, sociales et sociétales va faire appel à une optimisation fiscale des charges incombées sur les entreprises dans le domaine de l’éthique. C’est dans cette optique qu’on fera appel à des concepts ayant un lien étroit avec la citoyenneté de l’entreprise, on en tire par exemple la responsabilité sociale des entreprises.
C’est ainsi, qu’à travers cet article, nous allons s’atteler à travers une réflexion théorique sur les différents aspects de l’impact des instruments non fiscaux du civisme fiscal notamment la légitimité de l’impôt, l’équité, la dignité et l’éthique fiscales ainsi que les comportements socialement responsables des entreprises (RSE) au regard des règles fiscales
Factors Affecting Women Entrepreneurship in Morocco: The Moderating Role of Public Policies and Institutional Support
Entrepreneurship is an opportunity for Moroccan women to gain access to income-generating activities. However, the participation of women in the Moroccan economy is only 26%, which remains very low according to the World Bank. For the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OCDE, 2005), women represent a potential for devaluated enterprise creation in both developing and developed countries.
In Morocco, several legal and tax reforms focusing on the support for entrepreneurship have been adopted as part of national economic restructuring programs. As a result, the implementation of public policies aimed at supporting women entrepreneurs, has certainly favored the development of women entrepreneurship contributing to the creation of jobs and economic benefit. However, the participation of women in economic and entrepreneurial activity faces cultural, social and institutional obstacles, which can hinder evolution of women's entrepreneurship.
Despite the influence of emerging economies on the global economy and the vital role of entrepreneurship in our world, the focus of entrepreneurship research up until this point has almost exclusively been on research sites emanating from North America and Europe (Bruton et al., 2008). Consequently, other areas of the world such as the Middle-East and Africa have not received much attention from academic researchers despite the need to understand entrepreneurship in these emerging economies (Bruton et al., 2008; Kiss et., 2012).
The theme of women's entrepreneurship has been the subject of several studies by both government organizations and researchers. Our goal is to present a state of the art in public policies implemented in Morocco in favor of woman entrepreneurship by presenting the set of public institutions and observatories operating for the promotion of women entrepreneurship.
JEL Classification: L26.
Paper type: Theoretical Research.Entrepreneurship is an opportunity for Moroccan women to gain access to income-generating activities. However, the participation of women in the Moroccan economy is only 26%, which remains very low according to the World Bank. For the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OCDE, 2005), women represent a potential for devaluated enterprise creation in both developing and developed countries.
In Morocco, several legal and tax reforms focusing on the support for entrepreneurship have been adopted as part of national economic restructuring programs. As a result, the implementation of public policies aimed at supporting women entrepreneurs, has certainly favored the development of women entrepreneurship contributing to the creation of jobs and economic benefit. However, the participation of women in economic and entrepreneurial activity faces cultural, social and institutional obstacles, which can hinder evolution of women's entrepreneurship.
Despite the influence of emerging economies on the global economy and the vital role of entrepreneurship in our world, the focus of entrepreneurship research up until this point has almost exclusively been on research sites emanating from North America and Europe (Bruton et al., 2008). Consequently, other areas of the world such as the Middle-East and Africa have not received much attention from academic researchers despite the need to understand entrepreneurship in these emerging economies (Bruton et al., 2008; Kiss et., 2012).
The theme of women's entrepreneurship has been the subject of several studies by both government organizations and researchers. Our goal is to present a state of the art in public policies implemented in Morocco in favor of woman entrepreneurship by presenting the set of public institutions and observatories operating for the promotion of women entrepreneurship.
JEL Classification: L26.
Paper type: Theoretical Research
Une analyse théorique de l'impact organisationnel des SI dans le contexte des PME exportatrices marocaines
The use of Information System and Information and Communication Technologies has been viewed as vital for increasing export performance and entering foreign market. Bourgeois (1991) finds that innovation is also perceived as the engine and the real lever for exports within SMEs (cited by Gueguen et al., 2007). This paper studies the impact of ICT / IS on the organizational performance of exporting SMEs. This article will therefore present a theoretical model that integrates the various variables responsible for success of ICT / IS and consequently for increasing organizational performance in the case of SMEs. The study contributes theoretically to ICT/IS success models employing an exploration based on a meta-analysis of studies that evaluate the contribution of ICT/IS in the context of SMEs.Dans la quête de marchés étrangers, les technologies d’information et de communication et les systèmes d’informations occupent une place prépondérante. Bourgeois (1991) trouve que l’innovation est aussi perçue comme le moteur et le véritable levier des exportations au sein des PME (cité par Gueguen et al., 2007). Dans ce travail de recherche, notre objectif serait d’étudier l’impact des TIC/SI sur la performance organisationnelle des PME exportatrices. Notre article présentera donc un modèle théorique dans lequel seront intégrées les différentes variables agissant sur le succès des TIC/SI et par voie de conséquence sur la performance organisationnelle dans le cas des PME. Sur le plan méthodologique, nous avons fait appel à une exploration théorique basée sur une méta-analyse des travaux de recherche portant sur l’évaluation des apports de l’utilisation des TIC/SI dans le contexte des PME
Les pratiques du New Public Management : cas des universités publiques marocaines
This article examines the practices of New Public Management (NPM) in Moroccan public universities by exploring behaviors, discourses and perceptions. By mobilizing a theoretical and conceptual framework which is the result of a literature review around the concept of NPM. We are carrying out a qualitative study in the field through semi-structured interviews at the level of the presidencies of the twelve Moroccan public universities depending on Law 01.00 and under the supervision of the Ministry of Education, Vocational Training, Higher Education and scientific research.Cet article s’intéresse aux pratiques du New Public Management (NPM) dans les universités publiques marocaines en explorant les comportements, les discours et les perceptions. En mobilisant un cadre théorique et conceptuel, fruit d’une revue de littérature autour du concept du NPM dit également la Nouvelle Gestion Publique. Nous menons une étude qualitative sur le terrain à travers des entretiens semi-directifs au niveau des présidences des douze universités publiques marocaines soumises à la loi 01.00 et sous la tutelle du Ministère de l’éducation, de la formation professionnelle, de l’enseignement supérieur et de la recherche scientifique