FLOOD DETECTION SYSTEM USING SENTINEL - 1 IMAGES AND EXTREME LEARNING MACHINE CLASSIFIER

Floods are one of the most common natural disasters, affecting millions of people worldwide. Floods occur when streams burst their banks, generally as a result of significant rainfall, and inundate areas that are not normally flooded. In August 2018, Kerala witnessed the devastating effect of floods which resulted in 13.86% of the land being inundated. Satellite imagery is one of the most effective techniques for assessing the extent of flood-affected areas with high spatial resolution. The approach of monitoring floods by using Sentinel-1 satellite data from Google Earth Engine (GEE) is presented. Using the satellite images, we have created a dataset after applying preprocessing techniques like resizing and thresholding. We have used Otsu thresholding in this work due to its ability to easily distinguish water and non-water pixels. An Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) model is proposed to identify the flood-prone regions in the chosen study area. We have compared our model with existing classifiers such as Decision Tree and Support Vector Machine and found our model performs better with a good consistency and accuracy score of 0.8787. These systems can be used for better preparedness and aid in monitoring the change or reconstructing the progress of a past flood

TRADITIONAL OCCUPATIONS OF NOMADIC RAJGOND TRIBE

Nomadic tribes are the primitive tribe across the globe. They are the one who not along have played a vital role in preserving, conserving and predicting natural resource an eco system but also thought subsequent environment to use scientifically and commercially in the earlier days despite lack of facilities educative techniques they made themselves competent enough for transportation, logistics selling and buying their products and produce the medium of trans potation like hand crafts, bull carts, rolling pads are the some of their inventions. In India we can find out many tribes like a Munda, kol Gond, Pardi etc among them Rajgond tribe also one. As the name, once they were the doctors of Royal families (Rajvaidya) and they had strong and historical background of their patronage. Nowadays they are engaged with small occupations like selling Spices (Masala) winding wire, Cleaning Ear, Selling Tea, and Groceries, but traditional occupation of herbal medicines is still continuing, and many of them well versed with Ayurvedic Medicinal knowledge.   They were competent and wise enough in the earlier ancient ages to have there are equally effective medicinal system, even today their medicines are equally effective and relevant and even claimed on to be par with the modern medicine known as allopathic. A lay man, common man to intellectuals such as IAS, IPS and Public servants are regular users of their medicine and has an unbreakable faith in their medicinal knowledge and expertise

PRADHAN MANTRI JAN-DHAN YOJANA - A WAY TOWARDS FINANCIAL INCLUSION

Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana is a financial inclusion scheme launched in India to provide financial services to all households in the country. The particular focus of scheme is to empower the weaker sections of society, including women, small & marginal farmers and labourers. Financial Inclusion is an important priority of the Government as it is an enabler for inclusive growth. The main objective of the scheme is to ensure universal access to banking facilities with at least one basic banking account for every household. This study suggests that there is a need of lot of efforts to be done by government and private sector bank to contribute towards inclusive growth of country. In this study, researcher explains the benefits of PMJDY and the status of banks accounts opened under this scheme. An attempt is made to find the current status of PMJDY scheme and trend of financial inclusion in India. Keyword: Financial Inclusion, Inclusive Growth, PMJDY, Banking Facilities

MEASURING EFFICACY OF MARKETING ACTIVITIES THROUGH CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS – A STUDY ON COCONUT RETAIL MARKETS IN TUMKUR

Since the marketing of coconuts in Tumkur is experiencing a steady decline, the purpose of this study is to assess the current marketing activities of coconut retailers, measure how effective those activities are, and advise those retailers on how to implement the most effective marketing strategies for future gains. The connection between the two criteria, marketing activity and marketing efficacy, is currently the subject of research that is being conducted. The merchants of the Tumkur market are the source of the primary data. The research covers the Taluks of Gubbi, Tiptur, Thruvekere, and Chicknayakanahalli. According to the data from the Coconut Development Board for 2015-16, these are the five Taluks that generate the most coconuts (Latest available). The researchers are interested in coconut product manufacturers and sellers located in the Taluks that have been designated for Tumkur. The number of stores in the sample is 125, and it was calculated using the Cochran Formula with a confidence level of 95% and an error margin of 10%. The questionnaire was constructed with consideration given to the findings of the study review. The retail shop data, marketing activity, and marketing effectiveness sections make up the three parts of the questionnaire. The SPSS Version 25 and AMOS R Version 23 software packages are utilized in the data analysis process. It is not possible to generalize the findings of this study to other goods or services because it is limited to coconut retail establishments in Tumkur's four Taluks. According to the data, there is a correlation between a one percent increase in marketing activity and a 0.69 percent increase in marketing effectiveness. The retention of customers should be the primary focus of the marketing plan employed by a retail business in order to be successful. In order for marketing to be successful, it needs to be incorporated into the overall business plan. This strategy dictates how the store may effectively engage customers, prospects, and other businesses operating in the same market. According to the conclusions of the research, there are a number of essential elements that contribute to the success of retail outlets in the Coconut market. These factors include product policy, price strategy, delivery, advertising, and physical evidence plan.    &nbsp

IMPACT OF COVID- 19 ON THE ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES AMONG THE TRIBAL PEOPLES OF JHARKHAND

Jharkhand is a tribal state having approximately 26 percent share of tribal people residing in the state. More than 90 percent of tribal population lives in rural areas. The original inhabitant of this land e.g., tribal peoples and non-tribe indigenous peoples earn their livelihoods in their own traditional ways of agriculture, domestication of cattle, collect minor forest product from their surrounding jungle and wages out themselves as laborers. The sudden spread of Covid-19 snatched away the rice bowl of these peoples as well as the mediums of earning livelihoods; and they had been forced to live a miserable live e.g., hunger and poverty. This paper analyses the socio-economic impacts of Covid-19 on tribals and non-tribe indigenous people’s livelihood during the pandemic

EPIDEMIC, DISEASES PREVENTION, AND COLONIAL STATE: A BRIEF HISTORY OF EPIDEMIC DISEASES ACT (1897) IN COLONIAL INDIA

During the colonial period, infectious diseases like cholera, plague, smallpox, and influenza were prevalent in India. The British colonial government and the European countries were terrified of infectious diseases. The quarantine of the ships caused a loss to British trade. Discussions began at the international level to prevent epidemics. British colonial government passed the Epidemic Diseases Act (1897) in India to maintain international pressure and protect trade. In addition, the colonial rulers of India wanted to protect the Europeans in India. The law gave special powers to doctors, ICS officers, and army officers to prevent epidemics. According to the law, any infected person was forcibly admitted to the hospital, disinfected of areas, houses, etc. The plague spread to Bombay, Pune, Calcutta, Karachi, and other cities. There was dissatisfaction among the people due to government restrictions. The Epidemic Diseases Act played an important role in controlling infectious epidemics. This law was enforced to prevent various infectious diseases in post-independence India. Currently, the Epidemic Diseases Act has been implemented to deal with the Covid 19 Pandemic

AN ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF COVID-19 LOCKDOWN ON UNORGANIZED MIGRANT WORKERS IN INDIA

This paper discusses various issues of migrant workers in India due to Covid-19 lockdown. This study found that the family income of the villages is dependent on agriculture and migrant workers. The rural areas of the country lack improved agricultural land, education centers, medical facilities, self-sufficient livelihoods and alternative opportunities. The socio-economic status of migrant workers is known through various newspaper, T.V, journals and studies which reveal the real situation of the country. The lockdown has left millions of migrant workers unemployed and reduced the economic status of permanent and temporary, short and long distance, seasonal workers, and the plight of the backward classes in the society through which the various promises made by the government can be realized. Migrant workers in the unorganized sector have faced various problems due to lack of proper information and lack of proper implementation of ration system. In conclusion, the Covid-19 has caused severe damage to the socio-economic conditions across the country. In developing countries like India, the government needs to take appropriate measures to address the plight of migrant workers through appropriate measures. The present research paper analyzes the socio-economic situation problems and the causes of migration. The study is based on secondary data collected from various newspapers, books, journals, government statistics, case studies etc

ZOOPLANKTON ANALYSIS OF WELL WATER OF CERTAIN ZONES OF NAGPUR (M.S.), INDIA

Composition and diversity of zooplankton provide information on the characteristics and quality of the water body. Biomonitoring (biological surveillance) is the systematic use of living organisms or their responses to determine the quality of the environment. Therefore the present study was carried out in terms of zooplankton analysis in summer and rainy seasons i.e. March-August-2018 in four zones of Nagpur (M.S.) India. Water samples were collected from one sampling station in every month from each zone of Nagpur city. Zooplanktons were sampled using plankton net. By qualitative and quantitative analysis of the zooplankton community, bio indicator species were selected for evaluation of water quality. The results revealed that zooplanktons are present in all wells of the selected zones. The identified zooplankton population in the present study were under 5 groups includes Protozoa, Ostracoda, Copepoda, Cladocera and Rotifera. Total 24 Zooplankton genera under 5 groups were recorded from the study area. Among the identified zooplankton the gp. Rotifera was dominant with 12 genus followed by Protozoa (8genus), Copepoda (3 genus), Ostracoda (1genus), along with larvae of Copepods, like nauplius, nematode worms and some undesirable mosquito larvae and small fishes also were found in well waters of one zone in the month of May 2018. The findings of the present study will be helpful to improve management plans for well water quality control authorities of the city

घग्गर नदी बेसिन में बाढ़ के जोखिम और संवेदनशीलता का आकलन

बाढ़ दुनिया भर में सबसे अधिक आवर्ती वाली प्राकृतिक खतरा हैं व आर्थिक नुकसान का प्रमुख कारण हैं। हरियाणा-पंजाब व उत्तरी राजस्थान (हुनुमानगढ़ जिला) के मैदानी इलाकों में घग्गर नदी से उत्तर भारत बार-बार बाढ़ के खतरे के संदर्भ में एक चुनौती पेश करता है। वर्तमान में विश्व का लगभग एक तिहाई भूमि क्षेत्र बाढ़ की चपेट में है और विश्व की 82 प्रतिशत जनसंख्या ऐसे बाढ़ प्रवण क्षेत्रों में निवास कर रही है। वैश्विक स्तर पर समग्र बाढ़ परिदृश्य को ध्यान में रखते हुए, एशियाई क्षेत्र (विशेष रूप से दक्षिण एशिया) में बाढ़ की घटनाओं की एक बहुत अधिक मात्रा का अनुभव होता है। बांग्लादेश के बाद भारत दुनिया का दूसरा सबसे अधिक बाढ़ प्रभावित देश है और भारत का लगभग 12 प्रतिशत भौगोलिक क्षेत्र वार्षिक बाढ़ के लिए अतिसंवेदनशील है। मानव समाज और पर्यावरण पर बाढ़ के प्रतिकूल प्रभाव को ध्यान में रखते हुए कई अध्ययन किए गए हैं। भारत की प्रमुख बारहमासी नदियों में बाढ़ की घटनाओं को समझने के लिए आयोजित किया गया। बाढ़ के खतरे को समझना बहुत जटिल है, क्योंकि यह न केवल भौतिक और मौसम संबंधी कारणों से होता है, बल्कि मानवजनित कारक भी इसकी घटनाओं में प्रमुख भूमिका निभाते हैं।घग्गर पंजाब, हरियाणा, राजस्थान के मैदानी इलाकों से बहने वाली बाहरी हिमालय से निकलने वाली मौसमी नदी, गंभीर बाढ़ के अधीन है। पिछले कुछ दशकों में, घग्गर बेसिन में मानवीय हस्तक्षेपों के कारण बड़े पैमाने पर परिवर्तन हुए हैं, जिससे पूरे बेसिन में प्राकृतिक ढलान और जल निकासी प्रणाली बहुत बुरी तरह प्रभावित हुई है। वर्तमान में घग्गर नदी का बड़ा हिस्सा अलग-अलग तटबंधों तक ही सीमित है चौड़ाई 30 से 300 मीटर के बीच। नतीजतन, घग्गर नदी अधिक अस्थिर हो गई है जिसके परिणामस्वरूप बेसिन के एक या दूसरे हिस्से में मानसून के मौसम में असामान्य बाढ़ आ गई है