Analiza migracji wewnętrznych i międzynarodowych na obszarze Unii Europejskiej – razem czy osobno?

The article attempts to evaluate the rationale, for a joint or separate analysis of both types of migration in the European Union. First the author examines different types of migration barriers, reaching the conclusion, that since the countries' policies regulate the possibility of border crossing for its' own citizens and for foreigners, therefore in the international migration analysis the economic, social and psychological barriers are secondary to administrative and -political barriers. Next, the author discusses the ongoing integration process of EU countries in the area of standardization of both internal and international migration, in the context of legal regulations and their practical effects on the population flows between the EU countries. He concedes that, internal and international migrations within the EU may be treated with identical principles and analysed jointly. The following review of migration studies, supports further the view, that a dogmatic clinging to the distinction between internal and international migrations is in many cases unjustified. The author, however, does not rule out the possibility of the existence of such areas of migration research, in which separate examination of both migration categories makes sense, with regard to the existence of important institutional and political barriers

Przestrzenny wzorzec osiedlania się cudzoziemców w Polsce

The article presents the spatial distribution of foreigners living in Poland. The data used come from the Office for Repatriations and Aliens and refer to all foreigners who were legally residing in Poland as on 1th September 2004 (84,7 thousand persons). The main countries of origin of immigrants are states of the former Soviet Union (mostly Ukraine, Russia and Belarus), next countries of the Western Europe (Germany, France, the United Kingdom) and finally countries of the East-Central Europe (Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro). Depending on a region of origin, foreigners form different spatial patterns of settlement and show different levels of concentration, evaluated by use of the Gini index and the Lorenz curve. Foreigners coming from the countries of the former Soviet Union settled in all regions of Poland and did not form spatial clusters. The degree of the spatial concentration is moderate for the citizens of East-European states and profoundly high for the immigrants from Far East states (above all the Vietnamese). The latter constitute ethnic enclaves in the biggest Polish cities

Modyfikacja metody ekstrapolacyjnej Coale’a-Kisker dla tablic trwania życia

The Coale Kisker's method of extrapolation of age-specific death rates at age 85 and more, is modified to avoid crossover with female death rates at the higher age. The modification is made on the following assumptions; (1) the value of the parameter 's' in a given populatioon is identical for both sexes, (2) the death rate at 120 is equal to 2, (3) extrapolation is based on empirical values of death rates at ages from 74 to 84. Formulas are written in terms of the exponential-quadratic function. The modified method was verified on life tables of 2002, estimated for Poland and voivodeships

Analiza umieralności w Polsce w latach 1970–2003. Dekompozycja zmian w oczekiwanym trwaniu życia noworodka

Advantageous changes in male and female mortality taken place in Poland since the early 1990s placed the life expectancy of Poles among the highest in the Central and Eastern Europe. However, that indicator is still far behind the European countries which benefit from the highest life expectancies. The life expectancy values in Poland are currently at levels observed in these countries 30 years ago for males and 20 years ago for females. A gender gap in the life expectancy also remains high, especially in the middle-aged population. The method proposed by E.Arriaga (1984) was used to decompose changes in the life expectancy by age in Poland over the subsequent decades from 1970/1971 to 2003. The period before 1989 was used to show differences in mortality changes between these two time intervals. Disadvantageous trends in mortality among middle-aged men had been observed in Poland as early as the mid 1970s. In the recent years (1991-2003), beneficial shifts in mortality were observed in all age groups, resulting in the increase in the life expectancy at birth. Results of the analysis of differences in life expectancies by gender confirmed a significant contribution of the middle-aged groups to the gender gap. Shifts in mortality are more advantageous for women in the older age groups, which may stimulate a further growth in the number of single old women in Poland

Imigracja do Polski w latach 1989–2002 na podstawie wyników NSP 2002

The article presents a detailed analysis of a spatial distribution of immigration to Poland in the period 1989-2002 based on the data from the National Census 2002 (the data used refer to the lowest spatial disaggregation i.e. they refer to immigrants in gminas). Despite the fact that the census data show the stock of immigrants remarkably lower than estimates provided by several institutions, the regional analysis reveals a spatial distribution which seems to reflect the spatial pattern of the real immigrant population. One can also discuss reasons behind that pattern. According to the census data, at the end of May, 2002, there were 85,5 thousand persons who came to Poland after 1989. Among them 81.5% had a Polish citizenship and 41.3% arrived from Germany and the USA, therefore one can suppose that return migration contributed remarkably to that population. Immigrants came to the largest and more developed metropolies: Warsaw (11.3 thousand), Kraków (3.4), Gdansk, Gdynia and Sopot (3.4), Wroclaw (2.8) and Lodz (2.0). Altogether the main metropolitan areas concentrated 40% of the total immigrant population. Both immigration rates and the immigration share in the total inflow were the highest values in gminas located at the borders and the Warsaw agglomeration. They were also at the high level in sites considered as interested for tourists

Osoby niepolskiej narodowości i języka w Polsce w świetle NSP 2002

The base for the analysis of population structure by nationality (by declaration) and language used at home, is the data from the National Population Census 2002. The author also refers to other scientists' study results, to justify assumptions used while disaggregating almost 775 thousand people (2% of total population) with unknown nationality or language used at home. The estimates and analysis results are widely compared with results of other studies, based also on special research. The results of the study show, that Poland, at the beginning of the XXI century, had a homogeneous population in respect of nationality and language used at home. Small national and language minorities (about 471 thousand persons, i.e. 1.2% of the total population, and 481 thousand i.e. 1.3%, after adjustments based on disaggregation of unknown nationality or language), exist mainly in the Opolskie and Slaskie voivodeships (Germans and Silesians) and in Podlaskie voivodeship (Byelorussians). Unique use of the Polish language at home was declared by about 97-98% of population, Polish together with a second language was used at home by 1,3% of population, and exclusively foreign languages - by only 0,14%. Among the foreign languages used at home, German and English were most frequently declared. Also, relatively frequently the Silesian and Kashubian dialects were used at home