Türkiye'de Bilim Politikası ve TÜBİTAK'ın Organizasyonel Tarihi: Kurumsal Mantık Perspektifi

This study examines the trajectory of science policy in Turkey and the transformation of Scientific and Technological Research Council (TUBITAK) in terms of social institutions and organizational structure. Explaining the historical transformation of the Council, I employ an institutional logics perspective, on the one hand, corresponding to academic values pertaining to scientific community and the historical formation of scientific ethos in Turkey as academic logic, and on the other, the premise of stimulating research for military, economic and social development under the concept of policy logic. To capture the complexity of different fractions internal to organizational structure of TUBITAK, and external expectations from the organizational field, in which TUBITAK is situated at multiple levels such as international and national contexts, I analyze a good amount of archival material consisting of TUBITAK’s official documents, OECD and NATO Archives, legislation documents, memoirs, biographies, and TUBITAK’s anniversary publications. Through this historical analysis, I argue that TUBITAK is developed around an academic logic between 1963 to 1983, undergone a transformation after 1983 to 1987 in relation to the establishment of a higher governance body, Supreme Council for Science and Technology (SCST), and finally transformed into a fully policy-driven organization after 1990. During this transformational period, I argue that several key organizational actors were quite influential. In relation to the interplay of institutional logics and organizational actors, I argue that the latest transformation has been accomplished in context of a general state reorganization that took place after the 12th of September Military Coup and economic turn after 1980.Bu çalışma, Türkiye'de bilim politikasının seyrini ve Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu'nun (TÜBİTAK) dönüşümünü, toplumsal kurumlar ve örgütsel yapı açısından incelemektedir. Kurulun tarihsel dönüşümünü açıklarken, bilimsel topluluğa ait akademik değerlere ve Türkiye'de bilimsel ethosun tarihsel oluşumuna Akademik Mantık olarak karşılık gelen kurumsal mantık, diğer yandan da askeri, ekonomik ve toplumsal kalkınma için araştırmayı teşvik etme beklentisini Politika Mantığı olarak adlandırmaktayım. TÜBİTAK'ın örgütsel yapısının içinde gömülü olarak bulunan farklı beklentilerin karmaşıklığını ve TÜBİTAK'ın uluslararası ve ulusal bağlamlar gibi çoklu düzeylerdeki pozisyonunu açıklamak için, TÜBİTAK'ın resmi belgeleri, OECD ve NATO Arşivleri, kanun ve resmi belgeleri, biyografi ve otobiyorgrafileri ve TÜBİTAK'ın yıl dönümü yayınlarından oluşan arşiv materyalini analiz ediyorum. Bu tarihsel analiz yoluyla, TÜBİTAK'ın 1963 ile 1983 arasında akademik bir mantık etrafında geliştiğini, 1983’te Bilim Teknoloji Yüksek Kurulu’nun kurulması ile 1983-1987 arasında derin bir dönüşüm geçirdiğini ve 1990'dan sonra tamamen politika odaklı bir organizasyona dönüştüğünü savunuyorum. Bu dönüşüm esnasında, bir dizi kilit örgütsel aktörün oldukça etkili olduğunu savunuyorum. Kurumsal mantıkların ve örgütsel aktörlerin etkileşimi nedeniyle, son dönüşümün 12 Eylül Askeri Darbesi ve 1980'den sonraki ekonomik dönüşümden sonra gerçekleşen, genel bir devlet yeniden örgütlenmesi bağlamında gerçekleştirildiğini savunuyorum.Ph.D. - Doctoral Progra

Building better biochronology: New fossils and 40Ar/39Ar radioisotopic dates from Central Anatolia

T & uuml;rkiye's geographic position between Europe, Asia, and Africa gives it pivotal importance for understanding the local, interregional, and intercontinental dynamics of Neogene vertebrate evolution. Although rich in vertebrate fossil deposits spanning the Middle and Late Miocene, associated geochronology has been limited by the lack of available volcanic materials that allow radioisotopic dating and geochemical correlation. As a result, calibrating mammalian evolution has been largely restricted to the semicircular application of paleomagnetic inferences combined with temporally ill- constrained and geographically remote biochronological deductions. For example, fossils from three Greek localities and one Anatolian locality assigned to the primate genus Ouranopithecus lack datable samples, leaving its ages poorly constrained. Chronological calibration based on the 40Ar/39Ar results reported here demonstrates how a fauna- focused, precision geochronology can enhance a better understanding of evolving species lineages and the ecosystems they comprise

Two-Dimensional Titanium Disulfide Nanosheets for Enhanced Capacity of Zinc-Ion Capacitors

Capacitors offer high power density, superior cycle stability, and fast charging, making them highly promising for energy storage. However, their energy density needs to be improved. Due to zinc’ s abundance, low cost, high capacity, and stability, aqueous zinc-ion capacitors (ZnCs) have garnered significant attention. ZnCs face challenges such as rapid capacity decrease and reduced lifespan due to strong electrostatic interactions, electrode material dissolution, and sluggish ionic diffusion. Bulk titanium disulfide (TiS2) has been investigated as an electrode material to overcome these disadvantages, but the effects of its two-dimensional (2D) structure have yet to be discovered. With this work, bulk TiS2 is exfoliated into semi-metallic 2D-TiS2 nanosheets using organolithium chemistry, optimizing it as a cathode material for ZnCs to enhance energy density. The 2D-TiS2 exhibited a specific capacitance of 214.3 F g−1 at 0.1 mV s−1 scan rate and a specific capacity of 116.4 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A g−1, while significantly outperforming bulk TiS2. This work highlights the potential of 2D-TiS2 to enhance the energy density of ZnCs through improved electrical conductivity and improved accessibility of ions through nanosheets, offering a new class of cathodes for enhanced energy storage

TÜRKİYE’DE SAĞLIK SEKTÖRÜNÜN CİNSİYETE DAYALI KURUMSALLAŞMASI: KADIN ÇALIŞANLARIN ŞİDDET DENEYİMLERİ VE BAŞA ÇIKMA STRATEJİLERİ

The neoliberal structuring of healthcare system and workplace violence in Turkish healthcare sector not only deepen the existing gender inequality problems experienced by women healthcare workers, but also prevent them from accessing institutional mechanisms to cope with their problems and reinforce structural barriers. From this perspective, this study adopts Joan Acker’s gendered organization and Ruth Lister’s gendered citizenship framework to show women workers’ experience of violence and their copings against it in the healthcare sector. To investigate gendered citizenship within gendered organization, semi-structured in-depth interviews with thirty-five FHCWs and expert interviews with two representatives of healthcare workers have been conducted through feminist methodology. All women worker experience WPV because of gender, but the study focuses on intersectional dynamics among women. The findings shows that although there are some similarities between women’s experiences, their occupational status, work experience and age bring some differences between women’s experience and copings. All women tend to become silent and adopt avoidance as copings against violence because of lack of institutional support. Experienced women tend to cope with WPV through negotiation, informal mechanisms and avoidance while less experienced ones tend to cope with it through formal procedures. Young women workers are more affected compared to established ones who tend to internalize organizational logic and have relatively more power. In sum, although women seek formal support through advocacy seeking, they have limited access to their citizenship rights in work settings especially in the case of workplace violence and support seeking process.Neoliberal sağlık sistemi yapılandırması ve Türkiye’deki sağlık sektöründe şiddet, kadın sağlık çalışanlarının yaşadığı mevcut toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliği sorunlarını derinleştirmekle kalmayıp, aynı zamanda sorunlarıyla başa çıkmak için kurumsal mekanizmalara erişmelerini engellemekte ve yapısal engelleri güçlendirmektedir. Bu çalışma, Joan Acker'ın işyerinde cinsiyete dayalı örgütlenmesini ve Ruth Lister'ın cinsiyete dayalı vatandaşlık çerçevesini benimseyerek sağlık sektöründe kadın çalışanların şiddet deneyimlerini ve buna karşı başa çıkma stratejilerini araştırmaktadır. Cinsiyete dayalı örgütlenme içinde cinsiyetle dayalı vatandaşlığı araştırmak için otuz beş kadın sağlık çalışanı ile yarı yapılandırılmış derinlemesine görüşmeler ve iki sağlık çalışanı temsilcisi ile uzman görüşmeleri feminist metodoloji kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tüm kadın çalışanlar cinsiyet nedeniyle şiddete maruz kalmaktadır, ancak çalışma kadınlar içindeki kesişimsel dinamiklere odaklanmaktadır. Bulgular, kadınların deneyimleri arasında bazı benzerlikler olmasına rağmen, mesleki statülerinin, iş deneyimlerinin ve yaşlarının kadınların deneyimleri ve başa çıkma biçimleri arasında bazı farklılıklar getirdiğini göstermektedir. Tüm kadınlar kurumsal desteğin eksikliği nedeniyle sessiz kalma ve şiddete karşı başa çıkma biçimi olarak kaçınmayı benimseme eğilimindedir. Deneyimli kadınlar şiddet ile müzakere, gayrı resmi mekanizmalar ve kaçınma yoluyla başa çıkma eğilimindeyken, daha az deneyimli olanlar resmi prosedürler yoluyla başa çıkma eğilimindedir. Genç kadın çalışanlar, örgütsel mantığı içselleştirme eğiliminde olan ve nispeten daha fazla güce sahip yerleşik olanlara kıyasla daha fazla etkilenmektedir. Özetle, kadınlar savunuculuk arayışı yoluyla resmi destek arasalar dahi, özellikle işyerinde şiddet ve destek arama süreçleri boyunca, iş ortamlarında vatandaşlık haklarına sınırlı erişimleri vardır.Ph.D. - Doctoral Progra

Psyllium and monogylceride addition in breadmaking: Molecular interactions, nano- and micro-structural characterization, physical properties, sensory properties, and starch digestibility

Psyllium, a soluble dietary fiber, was combined with a commercial monoglyceride in the formulation of bread, replacing wheat flour with psyllium at ratios of 0:100, 2:98 and 5:95 (g psyllium: g flour weight), with the breads being prepared either with or without the addition of monoglyceride at a ratio of 1:100 g monoglyceride: g total flour. Pre-baking pasting evaluations showed that psyllium increased the peak and final viscosities of the wheat flour paste. The introduction of monoglyceride delayed the pasting process, leading to increase in both peak temperature and time, while not altering the peak viscosity significantly. The preserved starch granules observed in cryo-scanning electron microscopy images further confirmed this inhibitory effect on starch gelatinization. Psyllium fiber inhibited the formation of amylose-lipid complex during baking. Analyses via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the loss of ordered double helices in the starch after baking. Furthermore, wide-angle and small-angle x-ray scattering analyses showed the loss of ordered structure of wheat flour after baking. While psyllium was successfully integrated into wheat bread with good consumer acceptance, the anticipated quality enhancements from monoglyceride incorporation were not evident at the levels investigated. Nevertheless, psyllium exhibited potential as a promising ingredient for developing breads with a reduced glycemic index, primarily by mitigating starch digestion through its substantial water-holding capacity

Discovery of a New Deep-Sea Scorpaenidae Species from the Western Pacific Ocean: Description and Ecological Notes

Species of marine biodiversity are growing with the discovery of a new deep-sea species of the Scorpaenidae family in the Western part of Pacific Ocean. It is a unique morphologically and genetically distinctive species collected over 500 meters depth that does not belong to any known Scorpaenidae family. Scientific analysis showed two survival mechanisms operating in deep-sea conditions through unique sensory organs and particular patterns of fin rays. The scientific discovery enables researchers to understand better the value of deep-sea investigations for discovering unknown marine species and details how Scorpaenidae family members contribute to deep-sea food networks. Studies about the new fish species raise conservation concerns regarding deep-sea habitats because they endure exposure to climate changes and human-induced threats. The research adds to deep-sea fish diversity knowledge while confirming essential sustainability needs in marine resource management. Distinctive features include different numbers of fin rays, body coloration, and special adaptations for survival in deep water, including more sensory organs to sense prey in low light. The discovery makes clear the significance of deep-sea exploration, much less known sea species remaining to be discovered. Moreover, this species is used as a study subject for evolutionary adaptation, ecological roles, and potential biomedical usage of Scorpaenidae venom. This discovery not only furthers understanding of deep sea ichthyofauna, but also highlights the necessity of sustainable management of marine resources to prevent damage to delicate deep seafloor ecosystems

Bullying Among Special Education Students

The purpose of the study is to examine traditional and cyberbullying among the students with special education needs attending special education schools. Additionally, traditional and cyber victimization among special education students have been examined in terms of gender and grade levels. A sample of the present study consists of 295 students with special education needs (177 gifted, 118 deaf) attending segregated special education schools. The Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire, the Revised Cyber Bullying Inventory-II, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and a demographic data sheet were employed to collect data. Results of the study indicated that of the total 295 students with special education needs, 28.1% of the students with special education needs were bullies and 39.3% were victims of traditional bullying. Furthermore, 13.5% of the students with special education needs were identified as cyberbullies, and 23.3% of them were found as cybervictims. When gender and grade level were examined in regard to traditional and cyber victimization, significant gender differences were found in 9 and 10 grade levels. Male students with special education needs obtained higher scores for victimization than female students with special education needs. The results of the study were discussed in the light of literature

Moda sektöründe kurumsal geriletme: tehlikeli kimyasalların kullanımının ortadan kaldırılması

The textile industry is one of the most pollutant industries and has crucial negative impacts on people and the planet due to hazardous chemicals. This research aims to reveal the actors and their institutional disruption work towards eliminating those harmful chemicals in the textile production processes in Türkiye. A qualitative research design was adopted and 24 interviews were conducted with key players in the field. It is analyzed that brands are the main actors and their requirements from their value chain partners, especially audits and training, play a crucial role in dislodging the embedded practice of using hazardous chemicals in textile production. Their strategies and targets are backed by the laws and regulations, NGO campaigns and remarks, and demands of end users. Manufacturers, chemical producers, standard-setting organizations and initiatives, intermediary buying agents, service providers, and technology developers were identified as other key actors, and their institutional disruption works were underlined. Gender-related issues were also investigated in the scope of this study. This research contributes to the institutional disruption literature in settings where sustainability is a crucial aspect and paves the way for future research towards the institutional creation work regarding the usage of hazardous chemicals.Tekstil endüstrisi en kirletici endüstrilerden biridir ve kullanılan tehlikeli kimyasallar nedeniyle insanlar ve gezegen üzerinde önemli olumsuz etkileri vardır. Bu araştırma, Türkiye'deki tekstil üretim süreçlerinde kullanılan zararlı kimyasalların ortadan kaldırılmasına yönelik aktörleri ve kurumsal geriletme kapsamındaki işleri ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. Nitel bir araştırma tasarımı benimsenmiş ve alandaki kilit aktörlerle 24 görüşme yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, markaların ana aktörler olduğu ve değer zinciri ortaklarından taleplerinin, özellikle denetimlerin ve eğitimlerin, tekstil üretiminde zararlı kimyasalların kullanımına ilişkin yerleşik uygulamanın ortadan kaldırılmasında önemli bir rol oynadığı analiz edilmiştir. Markaların stratejileri ve hedefleri; yasalar ve yönetmelikler, STK etkinlikleri ve açıklamaları ve son kullanıcıların talepleri ile desteklenmektedir. Üreticiler, kimyasal üreticiler, standart belirleyici kuruluşlar, aracı satın alma kuruluşları, hizmet sağlayıcılar ve teknoloji geliştiriciler diğer kilit aktörler olarak belirlenmiş ve onların kurumsal geriletme kapsamındaki çabaları da belirtilmiştir. Cinsiyetle ilgili konular da bu çalışma kapsamında incelenmiştir. Bu araştırma, sürdürülebilirliğin önemli bir unsur olduğu durumlarda kurumsal geriletme literatürüne katkıda bulunmakta ve tehlikeli kimyasalların kullanımına ilişkin kurumsal pratikleri oluşturma çalışmalarına yönelik gelecekteki araştırmaların önünü açmaktadır.M.S. - Master of Scienc