Effect of drug urine abnormality in adolescent age group

Adolescents have 2/3 of total population. This is a unique group with special needs and atention. Most adolescents with lifestyle issues fell in the age group of 16–18 years. A complete urinalysis includes physical, chemical and microscopic examinations. Midstream clean catch collection is acceptable in most situations, but the specimen should be examined within two hours of collection. Cloudy urine often is a result of precipitated phosphate crystals in alkaline urine, but pyuria also can be the cause. A strong odour may be the result of a concentrated specimen rather than a urinary tract infection. Dipstick urinalysis is convenient, but false-positive and false-negative results can occur. Specific gravity provides a reliable assessment of the patient’s hydration status. Glomerular, renal and urologic causes of microhaematuria often can be differentiated by other elements of the urinalysis. Although transient proteinuria typically is a benign condition, persistent proteinuria requires further work-up. Uncomplicated urinary tract infections diagnosed by positive leukocyte esterase and nitrite tests can be treated without culture

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PANCHKARMA W.S.R. TO THE MANASA VIKARA: A REVIEW

Anciently Indian system of medicine describes two types of diseases sharirik and manasika according to the location and doshik involvement. Literature reveals that mental disorders (manasa vikara) possess significant relation with the body. The manasa vikara are due to the impairment of common mental functions; alpa stwa, vitiation of sharirik and manas dhosas and vitiation of manovah srotas. Mans vikara may also resulted from emotional disturbance due to derangement of rajo and tamo dhosa. Ancient observation of medical practice emphasizes significant role of purification/shodhna therapy in manasa vikara; this article summarizes role of purification/shodhna therapy such as; Panchacarma in the management of mental disorders

NEW DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND VARIOUS DRUG APPLICATIONS UNDER FDA

oai:ojs2.ijistweb.com:article/1New drug is the one which is not previously available and intended to cure the unmet medical need. New drug development is very critical because there is no guarantee for the success of development. One of major stage in drug development is clinical phases, where phase 1 is conducted in healthy volunteers in small group, where phase 2 is conducted in small group of patient population, phase 3 is on large group of patient population, and at last after new marketing phase 4 starts, this is to identify unknown uses and adverse effect which are not found in previous phases. FDA is considered to be the world’s most stringent drug regulatory body. New drug is evaluated by various professionals in their departments from CDER

FORMULATION AND RELEASE CHARACTERISATION OF POLYMER- BLENDED ALGINATE MICROSPHERES FOR AN ANTIDIABETIC DRUG

Alginate microspheres for a highly water soluble antidiabetic drug Metformin hydrochloride was prepared by ionic gelation method and investigated for its various physicochemical and release properties. To prevent a rapid drug release from alginate microspheres in simulated gastro-intestinal media, alginate microspheres were blended with polymers, hydroxy propyl methylcellulose, methylcellulose, chitin and chitosan and evaluated as additive polymers for controlling the drug release. Results indicated that quantity of polymer; gelating agent and time of cross-linking affected the shape, size and release characteristics from the prepared dosage forms. Use of polymers to retard the release of drug was effective. Drug release from the microspheres followed swelling and erosion. The selected batches sustained the release of the drug for more than 8 h. and showed drug entrapment efficiency up to 85%. As the polymer concentration in the formulation increased, the drug release generally decreased. HPMC-blended microspheres swelled but withstood the disintegration, showing an ideal linear release profiles. The zero order release was shown by all the formulations except when chitosan was incorporated. In comparison with chitosan-blended microspheres, HPMC-blended and MC blended alginate microspheres can be easily made and used for controlled drug delivery systems due to convenient process and better controlled drug release

REQUIREMENTS OF DRUG PRODUCT REGISTRATION IN RUSSIA

Russia is poised to be among the top five Global pharmaceutical markets in terms of value in the next five years. The registration is a state procedure of drug quality, efficacy and safety evaluation to obtain an approval for medical use of a drug in the Russian Federation. The designated federal executive authority regulating drug registration issues is the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. This is due to the heterogeneity in the regulatory landscape of the various countries. Therefore, to meet these challenges, a lot of strategic planning is required before the development of any generic drug product. Registration should be seen as a critical step in ensuring access to safe and effective medicinal product