Angiosperm radiation, diversification, and vegetation shifts through the Albian–Cenomanian of the northern Iberian Peninsula: Palynological evidence from the Las Loras UNESCO Global Geopark

During the mid-Cretaceous (Aptian-Turonian), angiosperms diversified and expanded their range significantly, but were potentially affected by several environmental crises. The Iberian Peninsula is particularly relevant to studies of paleobotanical events through this interval owing to its intermediate position between Gondwanan and Laurasian floral provinces and its wealth of assemblages containing early angiosperms. The Las Loras UNESCO Global Geopark is a unique area for paleobotanical studies ofthe mid-Cretaceous in the Basque-Cantabrian Basin, which currently has a depauperate record of floral evolution through this interval. Our palynostratigraphical results have clarified the chronostratigraphic positions and improved correlation of various formations in the Las Loras region. These results assign the Escucha Formation to the lower-upper Albian, the Santa María de las Hoyas Formation to the middle Cenomanian with diachronous (upper Cenomanian) deposits towards the west, and the Abejar Formation to the lowermost upper Cenomanian. Our new paleoecological results and a review of previous palynological data reveal notable changes in plant communities in the Iberian Peninsula through the Albian-Cenomanian. A conifer-dominated flora prevailed through the early-middle Albian but a shift to more diverse communities with increased presence of angiosperms typified the late Albian-early Cenomanian. The middle Cenomanian was characterized by conifer dominance but with expanded angiosperm diversity marked by the first occurrence of the Normapolles group. Finally, the late Cenomanian featured sporadic dominance by angiosperms, particularly the Normapolles group, in deposits associated with the Oceanic Anoxic Event 2.This researchwas partially fundedby the Xunta de Galicia (Spain), through project EDC431C-2019/28,and the Las Loras UNESCO Global Geopark (I Convocatoria de Ayudasa la investigacion del Geoparque Las Loras 2020). Ivan RodríguezBarreiro was supported by a predoctoral fellowship from the Xuntade Galicia and European Social Fund (ED481A-2020/175). ArtaiSantos is supported by a postdoctoral fellowship funded by theSwedish Research Council Grant VR 2022-03920, managed byStephen McLoughlin.</p

Revision of the Indo-Pacific species of the genus Leucosyrinx Dall, 1889 (Neogastropoda: Conoidea: Pseudomelatomidae)

The genus Leucosyrinx Dall, 1889 is one of the highly diverse genera of the familyPseudomelatomidae, distributed across the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. It remains poorly defined basedon conchological characters. The last revision of the genus was published by Powell (1969; Indo-PacificMollusca 2 (10): 207–415), in which many species were erroneously included, while others belongingto Leucosyrinx were attributed to different genera. For the first time, we have revised the Indo-Pacificspecies of the genus within the framework of integrative taxonomy, utilizing molecular-grade materialaccumulated in the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, France. Molecular phylogenetic analysisrevealed the existence of 62 secondary species hypotheses (SSHs) in our material, with 12 of themcorresponding to already named species. The remaining 50 SSHs represent new species, of which 24are described here, while 26 remain unnamed due to insufficient material. We refined the morphologicalcharacteristics of Leucosyrinx based on shell analysis of sequenced species from the genus, as well asfrom similar genera, particularly Comitas, Sibogasyrinx, and Comispira (the latter two belonging toCochlespiridae). This allowed us to assign 18 previously named species to Leucosyrinx, and conditionallyattribute four more, bringing the total number of species in the Indo-Pacific to 84, of which 58 are named.Numerous cases of cryptic species, which are nearly indistinguishable morphologically, were recordedwithin Leucosyrinx. The genus is confined to the upper bathyal zone, ranging from 195 to 1634 m indepth, with most occurrences between 500 and 1000 m. The highest species richness (30 species) wasrecorded in Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, though this is likely due to more intensivesampling of the upper bathyal zone in these regions compared to other areas of the Indo-Pacific

A new representative of the roachoid family Necymylacridae (stem group Dictyoptera) and associated vegetation with insect interactions from the Shanxi Formation (lower Permian), China

A new roachoid species, Necymylacris sinica n. sp., is described from the lower Permian (Asselian, Cisuralian) Shanxi Formation in the Qinshui Basin, North China, based on a partially preserved forewing. This discovery represents the second record of the family Necymylacridae in China and the first from the Shanxi Formation in the Qinshui Basin. The holotype was found co-preserved with a low-diversity assemblage of 14 plant taxa (among 263 fossil-plant specimens), dominated by cordaitalean leaves (Cordaites principalis and Cordaites sp.) and pteridophytes (morphogenera Pecopteris spp.), with lesser proportions of sphenophytes, lycophytes, and seed ferns. The fossil flora and regional geological data suggest a warm, humid, low-diversity forest ecosystem in non-seasonal climates of palaeotropical Cathaysia. Evidence of plant-insect interactions, such as margin feeding, hole feeding, piercing and sucking, galling, oviposition, and seed predation, reveals that a diverse array of herbivorous insects with varying feeding strategies inhabited the Permian palaeoforest of the Qinshui Basin. These findings provide new information about the ecological complexity of early Permian palaeotropical forests during the peak of the Late Paleozoic Ice Age and new insights into the palaeoecology and biodiversity of Cathaysia during this period. The study underscores the importance of historical collections, such as those at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, in advancing our understanding of ancient ecosystems. Taxonomically, Stephanotermopsis rodendorfi Laurentiaux, 1966 is transferred into the family Necymylacridae

The Chinese plant fossil collections of Thore Gustaf Halle in the Swedish Museum of Natural History

托勒·古斯塔夫·古斯塔夫松·赫勒（ThoreGustaf Gustafsson Halle，1884 年9 月25 日－1964 年5 月12 日；也经常被译为哈勒）是20 世纪上半叶活跃在国际古植物学界的著名瑞典古植物学家。在乌普萨拉大学完成本科学业后，他作为地质学家和古生物学家参加了 1907 － 1909 年斯科茨贝里（Carl Skottsberg）率领的考察队，前往福克兰群岛（也即马尔维纳斯群岛）、智利、阿根廷和巴西进行考察。1907 年10 月至1908 年2 月，赫勒在福克兰群岛花费了近四个月的时间，绘制了那里的地质和地貌图，收集并记录了泥盆纪、二叠纪和第四纪的化石植物。1911 年，在乌普萨拉大学赫格布姆（Arvid-Gustaf Högbom）教授的指导下，他据此进行研究完成了博士论文，获得博士学位。Thore Gustaf Gustafsson Halle (September 25, 1884 – May 12, 1964; also often translated as Halle) was a renowned Swedish paleobotanist active in the international paleobotanical community during the first half of the 20th century. After completing his undergraduate studies at Uppsala University, he participated as a geologist and paleontologist in the 1907–1909 expedition led by Carl Skottsberg, which explored the Falkland Islands (also known as the Malvinas Islands), Chile, Argentina, and Brazil. From October 1907 to February 1908, Halle spent nearly four months in the Falkland Islands, mapping its geology and topography, and collecting and recording Devonian, Permian, and Quaternary fossil plants. In 1911, under the guidance of Professor Arvid-Gustaf Högbom at Uppsala University, he completed his doctoral dissertation based on this research, earning his doctorate

Boron isotopes trace an increase in subduction-driven recycling of fluid-mobile elements in the Neoarchean

The deep recycling of surface material into Earth’s mantle is an integral process governing global water and fluid-mobile element cycles. This recycling is largely predicated on subduction operating efficiently, which may not apply for the first two billion years of Earth’s history. Tracing the initiation and evolution of the modern deep fluid-mobile element cycle requires determining when the mantle first became modified by subducted surface-derived materials on a global scale. The B isotope system provides a unique geochemical parameter to test for early signatures of such recycling, given that B is enriched and isotopically fractionated at Earth’s surface, depleted in the mantle, and mobilized by fluids and fluid-rock interaction. In this study, B isotopes of granitoids from seven Archean cratons are analyzed to trace the early signatures of recycling of surface-altered materials. When filtered for alteration and (post-)magmatic B modification, the B isotope compositions of the sample set show substantial variation. The range exhibited by sanukitoids (−8.9 ‰ to −1.6 ‰, mean: −4.7 ‰, n = 5) overlaps with other granitoids (−15.8 ‰ to +8.0 ‰, mean: −8.6 ‰, n = 30), but the average B isotope composition of sanukitoids is higher than other granitoids. The granitoids reveal a temporal diversification towards, on average, higher 11B/10B values from the Neoarchean onward. The heavier B isotope values reflect the recycling of surface-derived B into the melt source along a geotherm that was cold enough to prevent total loss of B through dehydration reactions, consistent with a cold-subduction geotherm. The B data thus indicate that the subduction-driven recycling of surface-derived materials into the mantle became more prevalent since the Neoarchean, marking this era as the likely starting point for the modern deep fluid-mobile element and water cycle